董亚芬大学英语精读第三版第1册教案Unit2解析.docx
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董亚芬大学英语精读第三版第1册教案Unit2解析
Unit2SailingRoundtheWorld
Ⅰ.Lead-in
Manypeoplehavetravelledroundtheworld,butnooneelsehasdoneitthewaySirFrancisChichesterdid.ABritishadventurer,hetravelledroundtheworldaloneinasmallyachtcalled“GipsyMothⅣ”inspiteofthefactthathehadlungcancer.Thistexttellsusbrieflywhathappenedtohimonhisvoyage,oneofthegreatestseafaringexploitsofalltime.
Ⅱ.Newwords
1.single-handed:
adj.&adv.（done）byonepersonalone
Example:
Maryaccomplishedthetaskbyhersingle-handedefforts.
Thejobcannotbedonesingle-handed.这个工作无法由一个人独自完成。
★这是一种以形容词或形容词短语用作状语的语法现象，其作用类似非限定性定语从句，表示某种增补的意义。
它们通常用来说明主语的状况，例如：
Themanopenedtheletter,nervous.
Thesunrisesintheeast,red.
Thesoldierfelldown,dead.
但它们也可用来说明宾语的状况，如
Hewriteshischaracterslarge
Wedrinkithot.
Shepushedthedooropen.
2.solo:
single-handed[△chorus:
合唱]
[助记]solesolo
●Loveisachordinlife,notasolo.（Beethoven）爱是人生的和弦，而不是孤单的独奏曲。
（贝多芬）
3.lung:
n.
Example:
Smokingcancauselungcancer.
Atthetopofone’slungs用最大声音
Collection:
heart（心）liver（肝）kidney（肾）spleen（脾）stomach（胃）
4.determined:
adj.withone’smindfirmlymadeup
bedeterminedtodo/aboutdoingsth:
haveastrongwillto（do）
Example:
:
Heisdeterminedaboutgivingupsmoking.
ColumbuswasdeterminedtoprovethatIndiacouldbereachedbysailingwest.
★bedeterminedtodosth.&makeupone’smindtodosth.
bedeterminedtodosth.侧重某人的决心。
makeupone’smindtodosth.则强调某人打定主意，不再动摇。
Example:
Atlastwemadeupourmindstotellherthetruth.
★determine;decide
Determine决心大，意志坚决，任何时候都不动摇。
Example:
Mr.Blackdeterminedtomaintainhispositionatallcosts.
Decide表示经过考虑在几种可能中做出选择的决定。
Example:
HedecidedtogoonMondayinsteadofTuesday.
5.retire:
vi.【re-（back）+tire（累）:
（累回）家中】stopworkingatone’sjob.
1）giveupone’sjobbecauseofoldage
Example:
Hethinksitluckytoretireatfullsalary.虽然已近65岁，马莉还不想退休。
2）goaway;withdraw
Example:
Thesoldiershadretired25milesfromthefrontier.
3）gotobed
Example:
Ihaveahabitofretiringearlyandgettingupearly.
6.voyage:
n.alongjourney（bysea,bylandorthroughouterspace）
Example:
ThesailorwillmakeavoyagetoAustrilia.
vi.goona（sea）journey;sail
Example:
SirFrancesDrakewasthefirstmanwhovoyagedaroundtheworld.
★voyage,journey,travel&trip
①voyage在现代英语中通常指较长距离的水上航行，但也可指空中航行。
Example:
Inthosedays,thevoyagetoAustraliawaslonganddangerous.
②journey是比较正式的用语，通常指陆地上的远行，没有回到原出发地的含义。
Example:
AtfirstIwasafraidthelongjourneywouldbetoomuchforher.
起初我担心她受不了长距离的旅行。
③travel的单数形式泛指旅行这一行为或过程，而要表示某次具体的旅行时，通常用复数，而且通常指到远方作长时间的旅行。
Example:
Herinterestsarepolitics,music,andtravel.
④trip通常指较短距离的旅行，但在较通俗、随便的用法中可代替journey。
Example:
DidyouenjoyyourtriptoShanghai?
Collection:
Maidenvoyage处女航，首航
Arduousvoyage艰难航行
Goon/make/takeavoyageto去......的旅行
Beonavoyage在旅途中
7.crew:
n.groupofpeoplewhoworktogetheronashiporairplane
Collection:
personnel全体人员,用做复数
crew（全体船员）/staff（全体职员）/faculty（全体教员）用做单数或复数
★类同family，当作一个整体看用单数，当作各成员看用复数
Example:
Theplanehadacrewof25.那班飞机有25名机务人员。
Thecrewwerebusypreparing.机务人员正忙着准备呢。
8.steer:
vt.make（aboatorroadvehicle）goinaparticulardirection
Example:
Hesteeredtheshipcarefullybetweentherocks.他小心的在礁石间驾驶船只。
steerclearof绕开，避开
Example:
Thespeechsteeredclearofcontroversialissues.演说回避了有争议的问题。
★drive/steer
Whenyouareincontrolofacar,youdriveit.Whenyoudirectitscourse,yousteerit.Shegotintoacaranddrovehome.Shesteeredthecarcarefullythroughthenarrowgap.
英语中“方向盘”的说法是“steerwheel”，而不是“drivingwheel”
9.gale:
verystrongwind
Collection:
breeze（微风）gale（强风）storm（暴风）gust（阵风）hurricane（飓风）typhoon（台风）
10.cover:
vt.
1）passoverortravel（acertaindistance）
Example:
Theywerehopingtocover40milesyesterday.
2）placeorspreadsth.upon,over,orinfrontof（sth.）
Example:
Thefloodscoveredthousandsoftowns.
3）hide;protect
Example:
Helaughedloudlytocoverhisfear.
11.previously:
adv.beforethepresenttimeorthetimereferredto
Example:
Ihadpostedthelettertwomonthspreviously.两个月前，我就把信寄出了。
12.dissuade:
【dis-（否定）+suade（劝说）；劝说不要去做→】preventsbfromdoingsth
对比：
persuadev.persuasionn.persuasiveadj.[per-:
thoroughly]
dissuadev.dissuasionn.dissuasiveadj.[dis-:
not]
Tomtriedtodissuademefromjoiningtheclub.
Tomtriedtodissuademeoutofjoiningtheclub.
13.fortunately:
adv.luckily
Example:
Fortunately,therewasnooneintheofficewhenthefirestarted.
14.contact：
vt.getintouchwith
Example:
Doyouoftencontactyourformerclassmates?
n.stateoftouchingorcommunication
Example:
Afterheenteredtheuniversity,hecameintocontactwithmanynewideas.
Collection:
Comeintocontactwith接触到
Make/establishcontactwith与......取得联系
Beoutof/breakoff/losecontactwith与......失去联系
Be/get/stayincontactwith与......保持联系
15.nearby：
adv.closeby
Example:
Inoticedapolicemanstandingnearby.
adj.near;withinashortdistance
Example:
Westoppedatsomenearbyshopstobuysomefood.
16.drag/draw/pull
Drag拖得重，动作慢
Draw动作从容
Pull指一时或突然的动作。
17.knightn.
男
女
公爵
duke
duchess
侯爵
marquess
marchioness
伯爵
earl
countess
子爵
viscount
viscountess
男爵
baron
baroness
18.accomplish:
vt.
Allmotivationisself-motivation.Yourfamily,yourbossoryourcoworkerscantrytogetyourenginegoing,butuntilyoudecidewhattoaccomplish,nothingwillhappen.所有的激励都是自励。
家人，老板，同时可以尽量让你的引擎转动，但除非你自己决定要完成些什么，否则也不会发生。
★accomplish/complete/achieve
①accomplishmeanssucceedindoingsomethingdifficult.
Example:
Thinkofallthethingsyouhaveaccomplishedalready!
②completemeansfinishdoingormakesomething.
Example:
Ittookayeartocompletethebuildingwork.
③achievemeanssucceedindoingsthgoodorgettingtheresultyouwanted,aftertryinghardforalongtime.
Example:
BritainhasachievedthehighestrateofeconomicgrowthinEuropethisyear.
Collection:
Accomplishamission完成一次使命
Accomplishatask完成一项任务
Accomplishone’sgoal/purpose实现目标
Accomplishone’splan实现计划
Accomplishone’spromise实现诺言
19.conquer：
v.
Example:
Humancanconquernature.
★conquer/overcome
①conquer多支借助无力或战争击败其他事物，使之处于控制之中。
Example:
TheNormansconqueredEnglandin1066.
②overcome强调经过艰苦的斗争，排除障碍而取得的胜利。
多用于克服精神方面的东西。
Example:
Heovercameastrongtemptationtorunaway.他顶住了要逃跑的强烈诱惑。
20.setoff:
1）beginajourney;start
Example:
I'llsetoffearlytoavoidthetraffic.
2）cause（sth.）toexplode
Example:
It’sthecustomforChinesepeopletosetofffireworksduringtheSpringFestival.
Collection:
Setoffforholidays出发去度假
Setoffforaplace动身去某地
21.allbyoneself:
completelyalone;withoutanyhelp
Example:
Youcan'tgohomeallbyyourselfinthedark.
22.inspiteof:
regardlessof
Example:
Jackwenttoschoolinspiteoftheheavysnow.
★inspiteof和despite两者意义相同，后面均跟名词，可以互换。
但是，despite本身是介词,不能与of连用。
★inspiteof/regardlessof
①inspiteof=despite
Example:
Theplanetookoffinspiteofthebadweather.（althoughtheweatherwasbad）
②regardlessof=withoutconsideringortakingnoticeof
Example:
Theplanewilltakeoff,regardlessoftheweather.（nomatterwhethertheweatherisgoodorbad）
23.giveup:
stopdoingorhaving（something）;
1）givesomeoneelsepossessionofsomethingyouhave
Example:
Anoldmangaveuphisseatonthebustoaladywithababy
2）abandonhopeforsth.ortheattempttodosth.
Example:
Theboygaveupansweringthequestionbecauseitistoodifficult.
3）allowyourselforsomeoneelsetobecaughtbythepoliceorenemysoldiers
Example:
Thecriminalwenttothepolicestationtogivehimselfup.
4）devoteone’stime,life,etc.to
Example:
DuringWorldWarIImillionsofsoldiersgaveuptheirlives.
24.byfar:
byalargedegreeoramount…得多;最…
Example:
CelineDionisbyfarthebestsingerIknow.
byfar和sofar是两个比较容易混淆的词组。
byfar有“…得多；最…；显然”的意思，用于修饰比较级和最高级形式的形容词和副词，强调数量、程度等。
Example:
Theweatherhasbeenhotsofarthissummer.4.
25.turnover
1）（causeto）fallover;upset
Example:
Thecarturnedoverthreetimesafterthecrash.
2）givethecontrolofsth.tosb.
Example:
Sheturnedovertheworktoherassistantandhadatalkwithus.
3）thinkover
Example:
Iturnedtheideaover（inmymind）foraweekbeforereplying.
26.can'thelpdoingsth.:
cannotavoiddoingsth.
Example:
Icouldn'thelplaughingwhenIsawhisnewhaircut.
can'thelpdoingsth.和cannothelpbutdosth.是两个比较容易混淆的词组。
can'thelpdoingsth.意为“禁不住”、“情不自禁”，而cannothelpbutdosth.则有“不得不做…”之意。
Example:
Icannothelpbutbesorry.我不能不感到遗憾。
Ⅲ.BackgroundInformation
1.SirFrancisChichester（1901–1972）——Englishaviatorandadventurer
Achievements:
Asayoungman,hewenttoNewZealandtoworkasaminer,salesmanandlandagent.In1929,hemadeasoloflighttoAustraliainabiplane.In1931,hemadethefirsteastwardflightacrossTasmanSeafromNewZealandtoAustralia.
In1960,hewonthefirstsolotransatlanticoceanracesailingfromPlymouth,EnglandtoNewYorkCityin40days.In1966-1967,hesailedaroundtheworldaloneina55-footsailingyacht,thelongestpassagemadebyasmallsailingvesselwithoutaportofcall.In1967,hewasknightedbyQueenElizabethII.
2.Columbus（1451-1506）—Italianexplorer
In1492,EuropeanexplorerChristopherColumbussailedwestacrosstheAtlanticOceanhopingtoreachAsia.Instead,hereachedlandsthatwereunknowntoEuropeans.ThoselandswerelaternamedtheAmericas.AfterColumbus,manyEuropeansbegantosettletheAmericas.
3.Magellan,Ferdinand（1480-1521）—
升级会员 