自主学习1答案.docx

自主学习1答案.docx

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自主学习1答案

PartIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasewritethecorrespondingletterforeachitemintheblank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyou’restrugglingtodroppounds,findingoutyourpersonalitytraitsmayhelpyoumakeiteasier.Whetheryou’rethelifeoftheparty,abookworm,oranightowl,yourpersonalityplaysa1）___largeroleinyourabilitytoslimdown.Followthisguidetodiscoveryourpersonalitytypeanduseyourowncharacteristicstoloseweight.

Beingalittlestuckonyourselfmaynotbesuchabadthingwhentryingtoloseweight.“Self-centeredpeople2）__toconsidertheirowninterests,whichcouldleadthemtobetterconservetheirenergyandhavemorewillpowertomake3）___choices,”saysHeidiHanna,PhD,aperformancecoach.People-pleasers,ontheotherhand,maygetoverlystressedabouthelpingeveryoneelseandfindthemselvesdepleted（筋疲力尽的）attheendoftheday.Thisoftentriggers4）___foodchoices,saysHanna.Instead,practicebeingmore“selfish”inaskingforwhatyouwantandstickingtoitwithoutfeeling5）___.Meetfriendsafteryourworkoutinsteadof6）___yourexerciseplans,oraskthemtojoinyou.

Outgoingpeopleinclinetoallowstresstoaccumulatetothepointthat’sknownas“amygdalahijack（突发过激反应）,”saysHanna.Thisiswherewe7）___themorebasic,primitivepartofourbrainversusourmorehumanpre-frontalcortex（前额皮层）.“Thelatterallowsustoconsiderourlong-term8）____andmakehealthierchoices,”saysHanna.Thispleasure-basedeatinghasbeenshowntotriggeranaddictiveresponsethatoften9）____toovereatinghigh-calorie,high-fatcomfortfoods.“Ifyouenjoybeingthecenterof10）____,tryputtingyourselfinsocialsituationsthatdon’tinvolvefood,”suggestsArtMarkman,PhD.ProfessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas.

A）aspect

B）attention

C）canceling

D）causes

E）deep

F）following

G）goals

H）guilty

I）healthy

J）leads

K）merely

L）poor

M）surprisingly

N）utilize

O）tend

1—5MOILH6---10CNGJB

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbywritingthecorrespondingletterintheblank.

YourPasswordorYourPrivacy

A）MatthewBreuerhassharedthepasswordstohiscomputer,e-mailandsocialmediaaccountswitheverygirlfriendhe’severhad.It’samatterofconvenience—shecancheckhise-mailwhenhecan’taccessitorgetintohisphonetochangethesongplayingonthespeakers.Butit’salsosymbolic.

B）“Ifeellikeit’ssomucheasiertoliveinarelationshipwhereyouknowyouhavenothingtohideandareentirelyhonestaboutwhoyouareandwhatyou’redoing,”hesays.“TimesinmylifewhenI’verealizedthatsomethingwasn’tworkinginmyrelationshipcoincidedwith（与…同时发生）timeswhenIwouldbeworried,‘Oh,doIreallywanttosaythisonFace-booktosomebodyelse?

’It’ssucharedflagifthere’ssomethingyou’reconcernedaboutyourpartnerseeing.Thatmeansthere’ssomefundamentalissuewithyourrelationshipbeyondprivacy.”BreuerhasmostAmericancouplesonhisside.AccordingtoarecentPewstudy,67%ofInternetusersinmarriagesorrelationshipshavesharedpasswordstooneormoreoftheiraccountswiththeirpartner.

C）Thoughwedon’tfeelcomfortableexchangingpasswordswithperhapsmoretrustworthyfamilymembersandlong-termfriends,wedofeelcomfortableexchangingaccesstoourpersonalinformationwithboyfriendsandgirlfriends.It’sanexerciseintrust,thelogicgoes.Ifyouhavenothingtohide,whywouldyouwanttohideyourpassword?

And,asBreuerpointsout,knowingsomeonemaylookoveryourshouldercankeepyouhonest.

D）ForJasmineTobie,seeingsomeoneelse’stransgressions（越轨）viae-mailhassavedherfromatoxicrelationship.Afterfindingsomereceiptsthatprovedherboyfriendwaslyingtoheraboutbeingonabusinesstriponeweekend,shedecidedtolookathise-mailtobesurebeforeshepulledtheplugontherelationship.“OnceIfoundthatIjusthadtohavemoreevidence.”Shedidn’tknowhispassword,butwasabletoguesscorrectlyusingcluesonhisdesktop.“Hewasstill‘communicating’withhisexes.Hehadtakenatriptovisitanexandtoldmeitwasaworktrip.Hewasstillsignedupwithdatingsitesandother‘hookup’sitesandactivelycommunicatingwiththosepeople…Ifoundsomepicturesofhimandpeoplehesworewere‘friends’intheact.”Thetwohaddatedforayearandlivedtogetherforaboutninemonths.“:

Iwastryingtofindsomewaytogivehimthebenefitofthedoubt.Intheend,itdidclarifyformethathewasnotitformeatallandthattherewereissuesIcouldn’tfix.”Tobieaddsthatthosewereextraordinarycircumstances,andshewouldn’treadsomeoneelse’se-mailsagain.Shedoesn’tsharepasswordswithhercurrentboyfriend.

E）Inmostcircumstances,psychologistssuggestkeepingpasswordsprivate.“Inrelationships,wedependoneachotherforalotofthings,butit’sgoodandhealthytohavesomeindependencetoo,”saysKellyCampbell,PhDofPsychology.“Themoreyouself-disclose,thehappieryouare.Butthehappiestcoupleshavesomedegreeofsecrecyandprivacy.”Unsurprisingly,sharingpasswordscancausesomeseriousproblemsduringarelationshiporafteritends.

F）RosalindWiseman,authorofQueenBeesandVannabes,advisestheteensshetalkstoforherresearchtonotsharepasswordsbecause“therelationshipscanchangesoquickly,andtheemotionsbehindthebreakupscanbesostrong.”Shesaysthatonehighscholarsheworkedwithwasblind-sidedwhenhisex-girlfriendfoundhisphone.“Sheknewwherehechargedhisphoneduringclassandknewhispassword,soshewentinandsentallsortsoftextstofriends,toanothergirlhewastalkingto—itreallycreatedalotofproblemsforhim.”

G）Thoughonemightassumethatteensand20-somethingsaretheonesfoolishlysharingpasswords—andsufferingfromtheresultingdrama—thesurveyfoundthatthepracticeofpassword-sharingisprettyequalacrossagegroups,andthat18-29-year-oldswereactuallytheleastlikelytosharepasswords.64%of18-29-year-oldssharepasswords,comparedwith70%of30-49-year-olds,66%of50-64-year-olds,and69%ofthoseover65.

H）Andyoudon’thavetobeateenagertohavepasswordproblemswithyoursignificantother.Suzy,a46-year-oldmother,gotintoadangeroussituationyearsagowhenherthen-boyfriendstartedreadinghere-mails.Shehadn’tgivenhimherpassword,butonedaysheforgottologoutandhecheckedhere-mail.Thecouplehadbeenon-again-off-again,andshehadn’ttoldhimthatshehadcreatedanonlinedatingprofilewhiletheywereapart.Shehadsincedeletedtheprofileanddeletedmostofthee-mailexchangeswiththemanshemetthroughthesite.“Buthewentthroughallmye-mails,includingonesthatIhadthrownaway.Hewentintoeveryfolder.Hegotreallymadandbasicallyattackedme,”shesays.“Iendeduphavingtocallanambulance.”

I）Since,shesaysshe’sneverevenconsideredsharingpasswordswithasignificantother.“Inowhavethisparanoia（偏执）whereIwouldn’tevenshareitevenifItrustedsomeone.Youneverknowwhat’sgoingtoupsetsomeone,”shesays.“Idon’tknowifthatmakesmelesstrustingorjustwiser.”

J）Still,optimistslikeBreuerareundeterred（未受阻的）bysuchhorrorstories.Breuresayshehasalwaysdevelopedfriendshipwiththegirlshehasdatedbeforedating,andthereforefelttheycouldbehonestwithoneanother.“Ithinksharingpasswordshonestlyendsupaffordingyoutheprivacyyouwant,”Breuresays,pointingtoapasswordetiquettethathasdevelopedbetweenhimandhispartnersinrecentyears.“Justbecauseyoutellsomebodyyourpasswordtothingsdoesn’tmeantheyactuallyenduplookingthroughyourstuff.”Breuersayshe’sneverchangedhispasswordafterabreakupsincehe’salwaystrustedandrespectedthosehehasdated.

K）Campbellsaysthebestwaytodetermineifyou’rereadytosharepasswordswithyoursignificantotheristocheckandseeifyou’reonthesamepage.“Ifyouhaveanyquestioninyourmind,theanswerisno,”saysCampbell.“Iwouldsaythatitshouldbereciprocal.Youshouldn’tbesharingsomethingifyourpartneralsodidn’tshareit…Peoplearehappiestwhentheyhaveamatch.Youandyourpartnershouldbeamatchinthatrespecttoo.”

11.Wefeelateasesharingpasswordswithourpartner,butnotwithourfamilymembers.

12.Althoughcouplesarehappierwhentheysharemore,thehappiestcouplesdon’tshareeverything.

13.JasmineTobieendedanunhealthyrelationshipaftershefoundevidenceofherboyfriend’scheating.

14.Amiddle-agedmotherwaseverbeatenbyherthen-boyfriendyearsagoafterhereadhere-mails.

15.Teenagersareadvisedtokeeptheirpasswordsprivatebecausetherelationshipsareunstableandtheymaynothaveagoodcontrolovertheiremotionsafterbreakups.

16.MostAmericancouplesthinkthatifthereissomethingtheydon'twanttheirpartnertoseeontheirsocialmedia,theirrelationshipprobablyisn’tworking.

17.Campbellholdsthatbeforeyouaredeterminedtoshareyourpasswords,you’dbettermakesurethatyoupartnerisre