英语口语练习文章.docx

英语口语练习文章.docx

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英语口语练习文章

大学英语四、六级考试口语考试大纲

一、评分标准

CET-SET主考在评分时使用以下标准：

a.准确性指考生的语音、语调以及所使用的语法和词汇的准确程度

b.语言范围指考生使用的词汇和语法结构的复杂程度和范围

c.话语的长短指考生对整个考试中的交际所作的贡献、讲话的多少

d.连贯性指考生有能力进行较长时间的、语言连贯的发言

e.灵活性指考生应付不同情景和话题的能力

f.适切性指考生根据不同场合选用适当确切的语言的能力

二、语言功能

CET-SET考试要求考生参与不同形式的口头交际，其语言能力将根据其在考试中的表现予以测量。

考生需要掌握的语言功能和意念在《大学英语教学大纲》中已明确列出。

以下仅列举其中部分的语言功能和意念。

友好往来

问候，介绍，告别和告辞，祝愿和祝贺，感谢和应答，道歉和应答，提议、邀请和应答。

相互交流

开始交谈，继续交谈，改变话题，停止交谈。

态度

愿意，希望，意向，决心，责任，能力，允许，禁止，同意和不同意，否定，喜欢和不喜欢，偏爱，责怪和抱怨，判断、决定和意见。

劝说

命令，劝告和建议，承诺，提醒。

感情

焦虑，惊奇，兴趣，加重感情色彩。

存在

存在和不存在，有和没有。

空间描述

位置，方向，运动，距离。

时间

时刻，时段，时间关系，频度，时序。

发表意见和看法

询问意见和看法，发表意见和看法，对意见和看法的反应，同意，不同意，要求澄清，澄清意见和看法。

争辩

讨论，讨论观点，反驳论点，提出进一步论证，劝说和对劝说的反应。

三、考试形式

CET-SET考试分三部分：

第一部分是考生和CET授权的主考进行交谈，采用问答的形式。

时间约5分钟。

第二部分包括1.5分钟的考生个人发言和4.5分钟的小组讨论。

时间共约10分钟。

第三部分由主考再次提问以进一步确定考生的口头交际能力。

时间约5分钟。

四、输入信息

CET-SET考试运用以下两种形式的输入信息来产生信息差：

1）画面提示（如图片、图表、照片等）；

2）文字提示。

Part1（5minutes）

Examiner:

Goodmorning（Goodafternoon）,everybody.Couldyoupleasetellmeyournameandthenumberofyouradmissionticket?

Yourname,please.Andyournumber?

…Yourname?

…Andyournumber?

...Thankyou.

Nowwouldyoupleasebrieflyintroduceyourselvestoeachother?

Remember,youshouldnotmentionthenameofyouruniversity.（1.5minutes）

OK,nowthatweknoweachotherwecandosomegroupwork.Firstofall,I'dliketoaskeachofyoutosaysomethingaboutlifeinthecity.

[C1,C2,C3]

1） HowdoyoulikelivinginBeijing（Shanghai,Nanjing…）?

2） WhatdoyouthinkisthemostseriouschallengeoflivinginacitylikeBeijing（Shanghai,Nanjing…）?

3） Howdoyoulikeshoppinginasupermarket?

4） Wherewouldyouliketolive,downtownorinthesuburbs,andwhy?

5） WhatmeasuresdoyouthinkweshouldtaketoreduceairpollutioninBeijing（Shanghai,Nanjing…）?

6） Canyousaysomethingabouttheentertainmentavailableinyourcity?

7） Wherewouldyouliketofindajobaftergraduation,inabigcitylikeBeijingorShanghaiorinasmalltownandwhy?

8） What'syourimpressionofthepeopleinBeijing（Shanghai,Nanjing…）?

Part2（10minutes）

Examiner:

Nowlet'smoveontosomethingmorespecific.Thetopicforourdiscussiontodayis“CityTraffic”.You'llhaveapicture（somepictures）showingtwodifferenttypesoftransport.I'dlikeeachofyoutogiveabriefdescriptionofeachtypeandthencomparethetwotypes.You'llhaveoneminutetoprepareandeachofyouwillhaveoneandahalfminutestotalkaboutthepicture（s）.Don'tworryifIinterruptyouattheendofthetimelimit.Nowhereareyourpictures.

[1minutelater]

Now,[C1],wouldyoupleasestartfirst?

[C2]and[C3],pleaseputyourpicturesasideandlistentowhat[C1]hastosay.

[1.5minuteslater]OK.[C2],nowit'syourturn.

[1.5minuteslater]OK,[C3],andnowit'syourturn.

Right.Nowweallhavesomeideaofvariouskindsofcitytransport.I'dlikeyoutodiscussthistopicfurtherandseeifyoucanagreeonwhichisthebesttypeoftransportforabigcitylikeBeijing（Shanghai,Nanjing…）.Duringthediscussionyoumayarguewitheachotheroraskeachotherquestionstoclarifyapoint.Youwillhaveaboutfourandahalfminutesforthediscussion.Yourperformancewillbejudgedaccordingtoyourcontributionstothediscussion.

[Ifonecandidatetalkstoolong]

Sorry,I'llhavetostopyounow.Let'slistentowhat[C?

]hastosay.

[Ifonecandidatekeepssilentforalongtime]/[Ifthegroupissilentforsometime,thenaskoneofthecandidatestostartthediscussion.]

Now,[C?

],couldyoupleasesaysomethingaboutyourviewof…?

[4.5minuteslater]

Allright,that'stheendofthediscussion.

Part3（5minutes）

Examiner:

NowI'dliketoaskyoujustonelastquestiononthetopicof“CityTraffic”.

[Selectaquestionfromthefollowinglisttoaskeachofthecandidates.]

[C1orC2orC3]

• Duringthediscussion,whydidyousaythat...?

• Whatkindoftransportdoyouusuallyuseinyourcity?

• Doyouhaveanysuggestionsastohowtrafficconditionscanbeimprovedinbigcities?

• Doyouthinkprivatecarsshouldbeencouraged?

• WhydoyouthinksomeWesterncountriesencouragepeopletoridebicycles?

Now,that'stheendofthetest.Thankyou,everybody.

体例说明：

内容

体例

举例

• 主考用语:

黑体

Goodmorning.

• 对主考的提示:

[白体]

[Interrupthim/herif…]

• 变量（考生姓名）:

[斜体]

[C1]

• 时间提示:

（白体）

（5minutes）

• 过程说明:

斜体

Part1

• 可变换的内容:

（）

Goodmorning（Goodafternoon）

46.Vision

Humanvisionlikethatofotherprimateshasevolvedinanarborealenvironment.Inthedensecomplexworldofatropicalforest,itismoreimportanttoseewellthattodevelopanacutesenseofsmell.Inthecourseofevolutionmembersoftheprimatelinehaveacquiredlargeeyeswhilethesnouthasshrunktogivetheeyeanunimpededview.Ofmammalsonlyhumansandsomeprimatesenjoycolorvision.Theredflagisblacktothebull.Horsesliveinamonochromeworld.lightvisibletohumaneyeshoweveroccupiesonlyaverynarrowbandinthewholeelectromagneticspectrum.Ultravioletraysareinvisibletohumansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humansthoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humanshavenodirectperceptionofinfraredraysunliketherattlesnakewhichhasreceptorstunedintowavelengthslongerthan0.7micron.Theworldwouldlookeerilydifferentifhumaneyesweresensitivetoinfraredradiation.Theninsteadofthedarknessofnight,wewouldbeabletomoveeasilyinastrangeshadowlessworldwhereobjectsglowedwithvaryingdegreesofintensity.Buthumaneyesexcelinotherways.Theyareinfactremarkablydiscerningincolorgradation.Thecolorsensitivityofnormalhumanvisionisrarelysurpassedevenbysophisticatedtechnicaldevices.

47FolkCultures

Afolkcultureisasmallisolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandracewithastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.Orderismaintainedthroughsanctionsbasedinthereligionorfamilyandinterpersonal.Relationshipsarestrong.Traditionisparamount,andchangecomesinfrequentlyandslowly.Thereisrelativelylittledivisionoflaborintospecializedduties.Rather,eachpersonisexpectedtoperformagreatvarietyoftasks,thoughdutiesmaydifferbetweenthesexes.Mostgoodsarehandmadeandsubsistenceeconomyprevails.Individualismisweaklydevelopedinfolkculturesasaresocialclasses.UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada.PerhapsthenearestmodernequivalentinAngloAmericaistheAmish,aGermanAmericanfarmingsectthatlargelyrenouncestheproductsandlaborsavingdevicesoftheindustrialage.InAmishareas,horsedrawnbuggiesstillserveasalocaltransportationdeviceandthefaithfularenotpermittedtoownautomobiles.TheAmish’scentralreligiousconceptofDemut“humility”,clearlyreflectstheweaknessofindividualismandsocialclasssotypicaloffolkculturesandthereisacorrespondingstrengthofAmishgroupidentity.RarelydotheAmishmarryoutsidetheirsect.Thereligion,avarietyoftheMennonitefaith,providestheprincipalmechanismformaintainingorder.

Bycontrastapopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroupoftenhighlyindividualisticandapronouncedmanyspecializedprofessions.Secularinstitutionsofcontrolsuchasthepoliceandarmytaketheplaceofreligionandfamilyinmaintainingorder,andamoney-basedeconomyprevails.Becauseofthesecontrasts,“popular”maybeviewedasclearlydifferentfrom“folk”.Thepopularisreplacingthefolkinindustrializedcountriesandinmanydevelopingnations.Folk-madeobjectsgivewaytotheirpopularequivalent,usuallybecausethepopularitemismorequicklyorcheaplyproduced,iseasierortimesavingtouseorleadsmoreprestigetotheowner.

48Bacteria

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter:

apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallyfromtwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thusifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile（1.6kilometer）tall.

Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking“hairs”calledflagella.Othershaveonlyoneflagellum.Theflagellarotate,pushingthebacteriathroughthewater.Manybacterialackflagellaandcannotmoveaboutbytheirownpower,whileotherscanglidealongoversurfacesbysomelittle-understoodmechanism.

Fromthebacteriapointofview,theworldisaverydifferentplacefromwhatitistohumans.Toabacteriumwaterisasthickasmolassesistous.Bacteriaaresosmallthattheyareinfluencedbythemovementsofthechemicalmoleculesaroundthem.Bacteriaunderthemicroscope,eventhosewithnoflagella,oftenbounceaboutinthewater.Thisisbecausetheycollidewiththewaterymoleculesandarepushedthiswayandthat.Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriahaveallbeenreplacedbynewones;evenbacteriawithoutflagellaarethusconstantlyexposedtoachangingenvironment.

49Sleep

Sleet