08年学位英语A卷.docx

08年学位英语A卷.docx

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08年学位英语A卷

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试（A）

　　PartIReadingComprehension（30%）

　　Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

　　Passage1

　　Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　ScientistsinIndiahaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirinventiondoesnotgetitspowerfromoil,coalorotherfuels,itproduceselectricitywiththepowerofanimals.Indiahasabouteightymillionbullocks.Theydoallkindsofjobs.Theyworkinthefields.Theypullvehiclesthroughthestreets.Theycarrywatercontainers.（76）Indianenergyofficialshavebeenseekingwaystouselessimportedoiltoprovideenergy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteforIndustrialEngineeringinBombay（孟买）wonderedwhetherthemillionsofbullockscouldhelp.ManyvillagesinIndialackelectricity,buttheyhavemanybullocks.Andoftentheanimailsarenotworking.Onejobdonebybullocksistopumpwateroutofthewell.Theanimalsdothisbywalkingaroundandaroundinacircle.Astheywalk,theyturnaheavystickthatmakesthepumpmove.Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold.Scientiststhoughtthatthesametechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.Bullockswalkinacircleonlytwoorthreetimesaminute.Thisismuchtooslowtoproduceelectricity,butitcancreateenoughpowertoturnaseriesofgears（齿轮）.Alargegearsitsnexttoasmallergear.Asthelargegearturnsitcausesthesmallergeartoturn.Thatgearturnsanevensmallerone.Eachgearmovesfasterbecauseitisalittlesmaller.Thesmallestgearmayturnextremelyfast.（77）clocksoperatewithgears.SodocarsandsodoesthedeviceinventedbyheIndianscientiststoproduceelectricity.

　　AccordingtotheofficialsintheUnitedNations,theideaisbeingtestedatseveralplacesinIndia.Thedeviceiseasytooperateandrepair.Anditcanbemovedeasily.Itcostsaboutthreehundredandsevendollarsnowtomakesuchadevice,butproductionoflargenumbersofthemcouldcutthecostofeachtoabouttwohundreddollars.

　　1.whofirstthoughtofusingbullockstoprovideenergy?

　　A.Indianenergyofficials.B.ScientistsinIndia

　　C.OfficialsintheUnitedNationsD.ResearchersinEurope

　　2.whichkindofjobthatthebullocksdoisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

　　A.Pullingvehicles.B.Plowingfields

　　C.PumpingwateroutofwellsD.Carryingfoodbaskets.

　　3.whyarebullocksusedtoprovideenergyinIndia?

　　A.BecausebullockshavelongbeenusedbyIndianpeople

　　B.Becausebullockswalkslowlyandareeasytocontrol.

　　C.Becausetherearefewnon-workingbullocksinIndia

　　D.BecausethereisnotenoughoilinIndia.

　　4.inthesentence“Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold”inParagraphOne,“Thissimpletechnology”refersto___________.

　　A.usingbullockstoproduceenergy

　　B.usingpumpstodrawwaterout

　　C.havingbullockswalkaroundtomakethepumpmove

　　D.connectinggearsofdifferentsizestoproduceelectricity

　　5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedevicementionedinthepassage?

　　A.Ithasalargegearandasmallergear.

　　B.It’seasytouse,butdifficulttomove

　　C.It’squitecheap.

　　D.It’sstillbeingtested.

　　Passage2

　　Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivity（生产力）problem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infactbeenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoprofessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.

　　（78）Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealtyexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecond-handtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation（刺激），coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreak-roomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjected（遭受）totherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.

　　6.Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat__________.

　　A.anemployersmokeswhileworkingintheoffice

　　B.Ataxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecar

　　C.Aworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshop

　　D.aworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain

　　7.Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat________.

　　A.hecan’tconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmoking

　　B.heoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-room

　　C.heoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmoking

　　D.hetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation

　　8.Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit________.

　　A.reducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegree

　　B.doesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompany

　　C.affectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokers

　　D.makesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted

　　9.Passivesmokingmeans_______.

　　A.never-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillingly

　　B.never-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokers

　　C.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers

　　D.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers

　　10.Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanning（禁止）on-the-jobsmokingsoasto________.

　　A.cutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsurance

　　B.Createahealthyandsafeworkingenvironment

　　C.preventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblem

　　D.improvethesmokingemployees’workefficiency

　　Passage3

　　Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

　　Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares（恶梦）

　　（79）NowAmericalresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase（抹去）theeffectofpainfulmemories.

　　InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.（80）Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.

　　Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportin.

　　Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldierstroublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.

　　“Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmaretheyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions,”saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.“thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.”

　　Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatitisverydangeroustochangememoriesbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity（特质）.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.

　　“Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare,I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,”saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.

　　11.Thepassageismainlyabout________.

　　A.anewmedicalinvention

　　B.anewresearchonmemories

　　C.awayoferasingpainfulmemories

　　D.anargumentabouttheresearchonthepill

　　12.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan________.

　　A.causethebraintofixmemories

　　B.stoppeoplerememberingtheirexperiences

　　C.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicals

　　D.wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories

　　13.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.

　　A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepills.

　　B.thepillwillstoppeople’sandexperiences.

　　C.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealth

　　D.thepillhasprobablebeenproducedinAmerica

　　14.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?

　　A.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives

　　B.peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.

　　C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.

　　D.Thepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingfrombadmemories.

　　15.Theword“scars”inParagraphoneiscloseinmeaningto________.

　　A.goodstoriesB.painsC.experiencesD.memories

　　PartIIVocabularyandStructure（30%）

　　Directions:

Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesenten