专四作文培训二年级班材料.docx

专四作文培训二年级班材料.docx

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专四作文培训二年级班材料

ModuleOneTopicSentencesandthesisstatement

PartOneTopicsentences

一．Aparagraphiscomposedof:

二．Thefunctionofatopicsentence

Atopicsentenceincludesboththetopicandthemainpointthewriterwantstomakeaboutthattopic.

三．Theplaceofatopicsentence:

A.thefirst/secondsentenceofaparagraph

　LearningEnglishatcollegeisdifferentfromlearningEnglishatthemiddleschool.Inthemiddleschool,thestudentsaremoredependentandpassive.Butcollegestudentsmustsolvemostoftheproblemsbythemselves.Theywillhavetoconsultthedictionariesandreferencebooksbythemselvesandpreparetheirlessons.

B.thelastsentenceofaparagraph

Similarly,inordertowritesuccessfulanswerstoessayquestionsonhistoryoranthropologyexaminations,astudentmustarrangetherelevantfactsandopinionsaccordingtosomeacceptedpatternofparagraphstructure.AndcertainlywhenastudentwritesabookreportforEnglish,oracritiquesforpoliticsstudies,oratermpaperforsociology,styleandorganizationareoftenasimportantascontent.Clearly,theabilitytowritewellorganized,conciseparagraphsandessaysisessentialtoastudent'ssuccessinalmostalluniversitycourses.

四．Howtowriteagoodtopicsentence

1.Narrowedtopic+Mainpoint=Topicsentence

Oralpresentations+makemeverynervous=topicsentence

Planningavacationcarefully+canbetime-consuming,butitiswellworthdoing.

PRACTICE1FINDTHETOPICSENTENCEANDMAINPOINT

Readtheparagraphthatfollowsandunderlinethetopicsentence.Inthespacesbelowtheparagraph,identifythenarrowedtopicandthemainpoint.

Arecentsurveyreportedthatemployersconsidercommunicationskillsmorecriticaltosuccessthantechnicalskills.Employeescanlearntechnicalskillsonthejobandpracticethemeveryday.Buttheyneedtobringwell-developedcommunicationskillstothejob.Theyneedtobeabletomakethemselvesunderstoodtocolleagues,bothinspeechandinwriting.Theyneedtobeabletoworkcooperativelyaspartofateam.Employerscan’ttaketimetoteachcommunicationskills,butwithoutthemanemployeewillhaveahardtime.

NARROWEDTOPIC:

communicationskills

MAINPOINT:

Employersconsidercommunicationskillsmorecriticalto

successthantechnicalskills.

PRACTICE2IDENTIFYINGTOPICSANDMAINPOINTS

Ineachofthefollowingsentences,underlinethetopicanddouble-underlinethemainpointaboutthetopic.

a.Thelevelofnicotineincigarettesiskepthighbythetobaccoindustry.

b.Theoldestchildinthefamilyisoftenthemostindependentandambitiouschild.

c.Dinnertimetelephonesalescallsshouldbeillegal.

d.Thebeachonahotmidsummerdayisagreatplaceforpeoplewatching.

2.Completeinformandmeaning

2.1a.Toeasestudents’studyburden,goodtostudents.

b.Easingstudents’studyburdendoesgoodtostudentsbothphysicallyandmentally.

2.2a.Howtowriteacomposition.

b.Howtowriteacompositionisnotaneasythingtotalkabout.

3.Narrowed

3.1a.TheOlympicGamesareexciting.

b.IntheOlympicGamesthefootballteamsfrommanycountriescompete

intensely.

3.2a.Artisimportant.

b.Artinstructionforyoungchildrenhassurprisingbenefits.

PRACTICE3Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyanddecidewhethertheyaregoodtopicsentences.

a.WorldWarIIaffectedmanypeople.

b.Collegeischallenging

c.Iwouldliketobesuccessfulinlife

d.Havingapositiveattitudeimprovespeople’sabilitytofunction,improvestheir

interactionswithothers,andreducesstress.

4.Specific

4.1a.Tocooperatewithotherswell,oneneedstoknowsomethingaboutcooperation.

b.Tocooperatewithotherswell,oneshouldbetolerant,considerateandshouldhaveasenseofteamwork.

4.2a.Studentsareoftenoverwhelmed.

b.Workingcollegestudentshavetolearnhowtosuccessfuljuggle（同时做）manyresponsibilities.

4.3a.Ienjoysports.

b.Participatinginsportsactivitiesoccupiesmostomysparetimeintheuniversity.

PRACTICE4Writesentencesthatarespecific.Inthespacebeloweachitem,revisethesentencetomakeitmorespecific.Thereisnoonecorrectanswer.Asyoureadthesentences,thinkaboutwhatwouldmakethemmoreunderstandabletoyouifyouwereabouttoreadaparagraphoressayonthetopic.

a.Myjobishorrible.

________________________________________________________________.

b.Workingwithothersisveryrewarding.

________________________________________________________________.

5.declarative,forceful,confidentanddefinite

5.1a.WhydoIliketowatchTVsomuch?

b.IliketowatchTVverymuchbecauseitisinformative,educationalandentertaining.

5.2a.InthisparagraphIwilltalkaboutwhypeoplegotocollege.

b.Peoplehavemanycomplexreasonsforgoingtocollege.

5.3a.Thisschoolshouldconsiderbanningcellphonesfromclassrooms.

b.Becauseringingcellphonesaredisruptivetoclass,thisschoolshouldbantheir

classroomuse.

PRACTICE6

Writetopicsentencesonthefollowingtopicswhichyouwillhavetonarrow.

a.Goodneighborsb.PrivatecarsofChina

c.Famousstarsbecomeprofessorsofuniversities

d.Marriageoncampus

ModuletwoIntroductoryParagraph

一．Acompositioniscomposedof:

IntroductoryParagraph

DevelopmentPDevelopmentPDevelopmentP

ConcludingParagraph

二．Thefunctionofanintroductoryparagraphistoexpressesthemainideaofthecompositionandtoarousetheinterestsofreaders.

三．Waystowriteanintroductoryparagraph:

1.对立法：

Eversincetheeasingofschoolchildren’sstudyburdenisadvocatedbyeducators.Someteachersandparentsfrownatit,sayingthatitwillexertbadeffectsonthechildren.（转折）ButIthinkeasingschoolchildren’sstudyburdenwilldogoodtoschoolchildrenbothphysicallyandmentally.

Sentencesoftenused:

a.whenaskedabout…,themost/quiteafewpeoplethink/believe/answer,otherpeopleregard/view/see/thinkof…as…,Iviewquite/abitdifferently.

b.Nowalotof/themajorityof/mostpeoplebelieve/think/feelthat…Although/admittedly…,thereisno/littleevidence/itisquestionedwhether…,

c.Now,itiscommonly/generally/widelyaccepted/recognized/acknowledgedthat….Theyclaim/believe/arguethat….butIwonder/doubtwhether…

2.比较法：

Discusstheadvantageanddisadvantageofthistrendseveralyearsago,peoplewereoftenalittlesurprisedwhentheyheardthatacollegestudentwasdoingapart-timejob.

“Why?

Maybeheisshortofmoney,”theythought.Nowadays,itisnotanuncommonoccurrencethatcollegestudentsareworkingastutors,salesmenandtourguide.Manystudentsputupadvertisementsonbulletinboardsorlampposttosearchforoddjobs.Whydomanystudentsshowgreatinterestinapart-timejob?

Sentencesoftenused:

a.Foryears/Untilrecently…hadbeen/wasseen/viewed/regardedas…Butthatischangingnow/peoplearetakingafreshlookatit.Withthegrowing/mountingdemandfor/interestedin/concernfor…,people….

b.Severalyears/decadesago,people….Now,….Whydopeople/hassuchchangetakenplace?

3.背景法：

Theproblemofdevelopmentvs.environmenthasnowbeeninthelimelight.NowhereistheclashmorevisiblethaninChina,wheretheworld’slargestpopulationfacespollution,deforestationandacidrainonalargescale.

Sentencesoftenused:

a.Recentlytheissue/problemof…hasbeenbroughtintofocus/broughttopublicattention.

b.Recentlythephenomenonof/problemof/risein…hasdrawn/arousepublic/world-wideattention….

4.引用法：

“Greatmindsmustbereadynotonlytotaketheopportunity,buttomakethem.”Colton,agreatwriteronceremarked.Butitstillhasaprofoundsignificancenow.Toaperson,inwhoselifetimeopportunitiesarenotmany,tomakeopportunitiesismoreessentialtohissuccess.

Sentencesoftenused:

a.Oneofthegreatearlymen/writers/scientists/philosopherssaid/wrote/remarkedthat…Ifthisistrue/thecase,thenthepresent/currentview/value/attitude/situationshouldmakeuswonderwhether/ponderover…

b.“…”That’showonecollegestudent/official/housewife/fatherdescribed/commented/complained/criticized….

5.举例法：

OnceinanewspaperIreadacrowdofpeoplewhoremainedappallinglyindifferenttothepleaofamother.Asshefailedtooffertherequiredamountofcashasapricetosaveherdrowningson,thewomanatlastwatchedhersonsinktodeath.ThestoryisnotrareinnewspapersandonTVandthecasualnessanddetachmentourpeoplenowhavedevelopedhasarousednationwideconcern.

Sentencesoftenused:

a.Theotherday/Somemonthago,I/afriendofmine…Thestory/case/incidentisnotrare/unusual,itisone/typicalofthousandsof…

b.Ihaveafriend/Afriendofminewho….Should/Canhe…?

Suchachoice/dilemma/problemweoftenmeet/face/confrontinoutdailylife.

6.提问法：

Whatittaketosucceedinone’sstudiesorcareer？

Opinionsvarywidely.Givenapproximatelyequalcircumstances,someclaimthesuccessfactorislargelyamatterofluck–beingintherightplaceandtherighttime.Othersspeakofutterdevotiontowork,combinedwithadegreeofruthlessness.Stillothersmaintainthatitisundoubtedlyamatterofhowmuchintelligenceyouhaveorsimplyhowmucheducationyourmotherhad.

Sentencesoftenused:

a.Should/what…?

Opinionsof/Attitudestoward…varywidely/greatlyfrompersontoperson.Somethinkof/regard/view…as….Othersargue/believe/claim…

b.Howdoyou/Whatdoyou/Doyoueverthinkof…?

Howdoyou/Whatdoyou/Doyoueversee…?

Inanswer/replytothesequestions,wemust…

c.“Whydo/have…?

”Manypeopleoftenask/posethequestionlikethis.

ModuleThreeConcludingParag