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版高考英语大二轮复习第二部分阅读理解专题十三社会文化类阅读完形填空语篇填空优选习题
专题十三 社会文化类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
（2018安徽合肥二模）
Intoday’ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender（性别）byvocabulary,andalsotheirnon-verbal（非语言的）vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.
Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen;thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly,precisely,andmorequicklythanmen.Inonestudyitwasfoundthatwomenspokeforanaverageofthreeminutesdescribingapainting,asopposedtothethirteen-minuteaverageittookmentodescribeit.
Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnon-verbalwayofcommunicating,whichcanalsomakeitveryhardforoneanothertounderstandwhattheoppositesexistryingtosay.Men’sbodylanguageismuchmorereservedwhentalkingtowomen.Mentendnottomakeasmucheyecontactandtheygenerallystayfartherawayfromwomenwhentalkingtothem.Menavoidotherpeople’sbodyspacewhiletalking,andtheyalsotendtositbackwhentalking.Allofthesehavegivenofftheimpressionofdisinterestorboredom.Womenarebyfarbetterlistenersandmuchmoreenjoyabletotalkwithandtheytendtoraisemoretopicsforconversation.
Womenalsomakeitclearerwhetherornottheconversationisgoingsomewhereorjuststuckinneutral.Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother,Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating,whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame“language”?
Thelittlegamesmenandwomenplaywitheachotherwhileconversingwouldbelost.Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,“Iwonderifthere’ssomethingthere?
”wouldnolongerexist.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,讲述的是“相反的性别,不同的语言”。
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?
A.Thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’slanguages.
B.Thedifferentspeedofmen’sandwomen’sspeech.
C.Theabilityofmen’sandwomen’sspokenlanguage.
D.Thenon-verbalvocabularyofmenandwomen.
答案B
解析词义指代题。
根据第二段第一、二句“Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen...”可知许多不同的研究表明,男人比女人更爱说话。
事实证明,女性说话速度比男性快。
再根据第二段下文“...thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly,precisely,andmorequicklythanmen.”可知这是由于女性比男性更容易被打断,而且她们比男性更清楚、更准确、更迅速地说话。
由此推知,此处this指的是男人和女人说话的速度不同。
故选B项。
2.Inwhatwaydomenandwomendifferaccordingtothethirdparagraph?
A.Speedofunderstanding.
B.Understandingofspeechroles.
C.Politenessofcommunication.
D.Applicationofbodylanguage.
答案D
解析细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句“Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnon-verbalwayofcommunicating...”可知男人和女人也有一种非常不同的非语言交流方式,故选D项。
3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’scommunication?
A.Cautious.B.Favorable.
C.Ambiguous.D.Skeptical.
答案B
解析推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother,Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating,whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame‘language’?
”可知,作者对男女之间的沟通差异是赞同的。
故选B项。
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Women,bornexcellenttalkers
B.Men’sandwomen’ssocialroles
C.Vocabularyandcommunication
D.Oppositegender,differentlanguage
答案D
解析主旨大意题。
根据第一段“Intoday’ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender（性别）byvocabulary,andalsotheirnon-verbal（非语言的）vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.”和最后一段最后一句“Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,‘Iwonderifthere’ssomethingthere?
’wouldnolongerexist.”可知,本文的主题是“相反的性别,不同的语言”。
故选D项。
B
（2018安徽安庆二模）
OnFriday,Germany’stelecomregulator（电信业管理者）,theFederalNetworkAgency,announcedthatanumberofchildren’ssmartwatches,designedforages5to12,canallowsomeonetoremotelytapintothewatch’smicrophoneandsecretlyspyfromremoteplaces.Theregulatorisn’tjustworriedaboutthepotentialofpeoplespyingonchildren—it’sworriedthedevices（设备）canbeusedtospyonanyone.
AndinGermany,it’sillegaltorecordprivateconversationswithoutpermission.Accordingtoourinvestigations,parentswereusingthewatches,forexample,tolisteninontheirchildrenduringclass,saidFederalNetworkAgencyPresidentJochenHomanninastatement.
Smartwatchesthatmakephonecalls,liketheAppleWatch,arelegalinGermany.Theproblemwithmanyofthechildren’ssmartwatches,however,isthatthedeviceshaveaclassicspyingfunction,similartoababymonitor,whichcanbeeasilyactivated（激活）justbyusinganapp.
TheGermanregulatorissoseriousaboutdestroyingthesedevices.It’saskingcitizenstodocumentthewatches’destructionandfileevidenceonline.Oncethewatchesaredestroyed,theregulatorwillprovidea“certificateofdestruction,”confirmingthedeedwasdone.
Thisisn’tthefirsttimetheFederalNetworkAgencytoldGermancitizenstodestroyaconsumerdevice.Theregulatoronceprohibitedthedoll“MyFriendCayla”,whichwasfittedwithradiotransformingtechnologythatcouldallowchildrentobespiedon.
Remindtechproducers:
TheGermangovernmentwon’tjustbandevicesthatcanspyonanyone.They’lldemandthedevicesbedestroyedwithhammers（orwhatevermeansofdestructiononeprefers）—evenifthey’redolls.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。
德国政府要求家长“毁掉”孩子的智能手表。
就在中国父母们还在为孩子选择哪种智能手表而纠结时,德国政府已经全面封杀儿童智能手表,并要求国人毁掉已有的智能手表。
在德国联邦网络局看来,儿童智能手表和智能娃娃都是“间谍设备”。
5.WhyistheFederalNetworkAgencyconcernedaboutchildren’ssmartwatches?
A.Theyaretooexpensivetoafford.
B.Theycan’tbeusedinremoteplaces.
C.Theyareharmfultochildren’shealth.
D.Theycanbeusedtowatchanyoneinsecret.
答案D
解析细节理解题。
根据第一段第一句“OnFriday,Germany’stelecomregulator（电信业管理者）,theFederalNetworkAgency,announcedthatanumberofchildren’ssmartwatches,designedforages5to12,canallowsomeonetoremotelytapintothewatch’smicrophoneandsecretlyspyfromremoteplaces.”可知,它们可以被用来秘密监视任何人。
故答案为D项。
6.Howcanasmartwatch’sspyingfunctionbeperformed?
A.Byusinganapp.B.Byusingababymonitor.
C.Byfixingadevice.D.Bydownloadingsoftware.
答案A
解析细节理解题。
根据第三段中“whichcanbeeasilyactivated（激活）justbyusinganapp.”可知,智能手表的监视功能可以通过应用程序来实现。
故选A项。
7.Whatwillcitizensgetafterdestroyingthewatches?
A.Adocument.B.Adoll.
C.Acertificate.D.Aprize.
答案C
解析细节理解题。
根据第四段中“Oncethewatchesaredestroyed,theregulatorwillprovidea‘certificateofdestruction’...”可知,在毁坏了这些手表之后,人们会得到一个证书。
可知答案为C项。
8.WhatcanweinferabouttheGermangovernment’sattitudetochildren’ssmartwatches?
A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.
C.Acceptable.D.Unbearable.
答案D
解析推理判断题。
根据最后一段“TheGermangovernmentwon’tjustbandevicesthatcanspyonanyone.They’lldemandthedevicesbedestroyedwithhammers（orwhatevermeansofdestructiononeprefers）—evenifthey’redolls.”德国政府不仅会禁用那些给监视监听打开方便之门的设备,他们还会要求人们用锤子（或随便其他什么破坏工具）砸烂这些设备——就算是玩具娃娃也不会放过。
由此可知,德国政府对智能手表的态度是不能容忍的。
故选D项。
C
（2018安徽江淮十校第二次联考）
ThelastthingCaitlinHippwouldhaveexpectedasshepreparedtoturn28yearsoldwastobelivingathomewithherparents.Allshe’severwantedtodoistobecomeanelementaryschoolteacher.However,Hipphasrackedup（累计）$100,000（about0.67millionyuan）instudentloandebtandisn’tabletoearnenoughthroughworkingasapart-timeskatinginstructorandrestaurantservertoliveanywhereotherthanhome.
Tosomedegree,multigenerationalhouseholdshavealwaysbeenapartofAmericanlife.However,thenumberofadultswhohavebeenmovingbackinwiththeirparentsorneverleavinghomeinthefirstplacehasbeengrowingsteadily.
ThePewResearchCenterrecentlyreportedthat2016wasamilestoneintheevolvinglivingarrangementsofyoungadultsintheUS.Until2016,themostcommonlivingarrangementforyoungadultswastobelivingintheirownpropertyaspartofacouple.UBSFinancialServices,aSwissglobalfinancialservicescompany,releasedareportthatevensuggestsonereasonforthegrowingnumberofyoungadultsstilllivingathomecouldbethattheirfamilydoesn’twantthemtoleave.Thereportshowsthat74percentofmillennials（千禧一代）getsomekindoffinancialsupportfromtheirparentsaftercollege.Millennialsseetheirparentsaspeers,friendsandmentors（导师）.Inreturn,theirparentshappilyprovidefinancialsupportwellintoadulthood,helpingfundeverythingforthem.StuartHoffman,chiefeconomistforthePNCFinancialGroupintheUS,said“Althoughjobgrowthformillennialssince2014hasimproved,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatmillennialsarestartingtoflythenest,”hesaid.“Theymaylikelivingathomeandbeingabletosavemoney.”
Headded,“Whileithasheldbackhouseholdformationandpurchasesonthings,theyareprobablytravelingmoreandeatingoutmore.Idon’tknowifitrepresentsachangeinmoralvalues.It’smuchmorecommonforadultchildrentoliveintheirparents’homesbecauseit’sbecomingpartoftheculture.”
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。
在西方的传统观念中,成年即意味着要离开父母,独立生活。
然而现在,越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母同住。
9.What’sthepurposeofCaitlinHipp’sstory?
A.Toprovetheauthor’sview.
B.Tointroducehersituation.
C.Topresentthetopic.
D.Tomakereadersrethinkabouttheproblem.
答案C
解析推理判断题。
在西方的传统观念中,成年即意味着要离开父母,独立生活。
然而现在,越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母同住……。
作者在第一段讲述CaitlinHipp的故事,就是为了引出本文话题,“在某种程度上,几代同堂一直都是美国人生活的一部分。
然而,搬回来和父母同住、或从一开始就没离开过家的成年人数量正稳步上升。
”故选C项。
10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart（Paragraph1）probablyreferto?
A.Livewithparents.B.Liveindependently.
C.Stayathome.
升级会员 