八年级下英语现在完成时讲解及练习优选.docx
《八年级下英语现在完成时讲解及练习优选.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《八年级下英语现在完成时讲解及练习优选.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![八年级下英语现在完成时讲解及练习优选.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-2/1/d29c183e-d12a-4195-bc3d-dd21e9a712be/d29c183e-d12a-4195-bc3d-dd21e9a712be1.gif)
八年级下英语现在完成时讲解及练习优选
现在完成时
一、现在完成时态的结构
have/has(助动词)+done(过去分词)
说明:
动词的过去分词有规则形式和非规则形式两种,规则形式同过去式的规则形式。
非规则形式需要特殊记忆。
可以这样分类:
AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC
AAAcost-cost-cost,hit-hit-hit,let-let-let,
read-read-read,put-put-put,set-set-sethurt-hurt-hurt,cut-cut-cut
ABBbuy-bought-bought,catch-caught-caught,teach-taught-taught,find-found-found,sell-sold-soldstand-stood-stoodbuild-built-builtsleep-slept-sleptspend-spent-spent
ABAcome-came-come,become-became-become,run-ran-run
ABCbreak-broke-broken,fly-flew-flown,ride-rode-ridden,take-took-taken,write-wrote-writtenspeak-spoke-spoken,drive-drove-driven
二、现在完成时态的基本句式
肯定句:
主语+have/has+Vpp+其他
否定句:
在助动词have/has后加上否定词not
一般疑问句:
将助动词have或has提到句首,肯定的简略回答是:
Yes,主语+have/has.否定的简略回答是:
No,主语+have/hasnot.
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
三、现在完成时态的用法
1、用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态,而其结果却和现在有联系:
动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在,可以和already,never,ever,just,before,yet等副词连用。
例如:
Theyhaveleft.(他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)
Ihavehadmylunch.(我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿)
Hehasseenthefilm.Sohewon’tgowithus.(看电影发生在过去,但现在仍然记得它的内容。
)
说明:
already与yet都有“已经”的意思,但already常用于肯定句,并用于句中。
yet常用于否定句和疑问句,并用于句末。
例如:
Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.
Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。
例如:
Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.
我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。
Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.
自从2002年Mr.Black一直住在中国。
Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
你来这里多久了?
注意:
此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。
例如:
(1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。
错误:
Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.
正确:
Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.
(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了?
错误:
Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?
正确:
Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier?
四、现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别
1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
Isawthisfilmyesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了。
)
Ihaveseenthisfilm.(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。
)
2一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterdaylastweek,...ago,
in1990,inOctober,justnow,
现在完成时的时间状语:
for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,
inthepastfewyears,already,
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday,last,week,in1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时
(错)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.
(对)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。
ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)
ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)
ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).是团员的状态可持续)
比较since和for
since用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”,for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”。
在有for和since引导时间状语的句子中不能用短暂性动词,应用与之相应的表示状态的词
Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.
IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.
Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.
Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.
比较have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和
havebeenin
have(has)been表示“曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了”,可以和ever、never、twice等连用。
have(has)gone表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来[注意]:
第三人称”。
have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:
since,for,howlong等
HewenttoShanghailastweek上周他去了上海
HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)到/去过上海.(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了)
HehasgonetoShanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里)
Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了
一、单项选择。
1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.
A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow
2、Hehas___beentoShanghai,hashe?
A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still
3、HaveyoumetMr.Li____?
A.JustB.agoC.beforeD.amomentago
4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.
A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wroteD.haswritten
5、—Ourcountry____alotsofar.
—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.
A.haschanged;wellB.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better
6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.
A.was;studyingB.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying
7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew
8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I_____twice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.
—Really?
When_____there?
A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone
10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?
—Yes.I_____itamomentago.
A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish
11、Hisfather______thePartysince1978.
A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin
12、—Doyouknowhimwell?
—Sure.We______friendssincetenyearsago.
A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade
13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?
—Abouttwomonths.
A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived
14、Hurryup!
Theplay__________fortenminutes.
A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began
15、It___tenyearssinceheleftthearmy.
A.IsB.hasC.willD.was
16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.
A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen
17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.
A.havebeeninB.havebeento C.havegonetoD.havebeen
18、Thestudentshavecleanedtheclassroom,____?
A.sotheyB.don’ttheyC.havetheyD.haven’tthey
19、hasMr.WhitebeenamemberofGreenerChinasincehetoChina?
A.Howsoon,comesB.Howoften,gotC.Howlong,cameD.Howfar,arrived
20、Hisuncleformorethan9years.
A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity
二、句型转换。
1、Hehasneversurfed,____________?
(改成反意疑问句)
2、Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(提问)___________havetheybeenhere?
3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He____________forayear.(die)(动词填空)
4、Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同义句转换)
Thisfactory____________________fortwentyyears.
5、MissGaoleftanhourago.(同义句转换)
MissGao____________________anhourago.
6、HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.(同义句)
Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.
8、Thebushasarrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
A)用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。
A:
Where____________LiFei___________?
B:
He____________toHainanIsland.
A:
Howlong___________he___________there?
B:
He_____________thereforthreedays.
A:
Whenwillhecomeback,doyouknow?
B:
I’mafraidhewon’tcomebackrecently.
A:
CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?
B:
Sorry,I_________never___________there.
A:
Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?
B:
He_____________thereonlyonce.
B)用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各种形式填空。
1)WhereisJack?
He__________hiscountry.
2)John_______Englandsincehecameback.
3)Howlong_____have_____thisvillage?
4)TheSmiths______Beijingforyears.
5)_____youever____America?
--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.
6)I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.
A)按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词
①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.→beinsw.
come/go/movetosw.---behere/bethere
1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.
I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.
3)Iwenthomeyesterday.
I________________________homefor___________________.
4)Theycameherelastweek.
They__________________heresince___________________.
②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout
1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.
We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.
③become→be
1)Ibecameateacherin2000.
I__________________ateacherfor__________________.
2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.
Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.
④close→beclosedopen→beopen
1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.
Theshop__________________________for__________________.
2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.
Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beupdie→bedead
leavesw.→beawayfromsw.
fallasleep/gettosleep→beasleep
finish/end→beovermarry→bemarried
1)Igotuptwohoursago.
I________________________since________________.
2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.
Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.
4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.
Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.
I__________________________since___________________.
6)Theymarriedin1990.
They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon
1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.
I________atthisschoolsince____.
2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________for________.
⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wearcatch/getacold→haveacold
gettoknow→know
1)Theyborroweditlastweek.
They__________________itsince____________________.
2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.
I___________________himsince____________________.
4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.
I____________________myglassesfor__________________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
1)HehasgonetoBeijing.
He_____________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheParty/thearmy
→beaPartymember/asoldier
→beamemberofttheParty
→beintheParty/thearmy
1.Mybrotherjoinedthe