教案robinsoncrusoe指南.docx

教案robinsoncrusoe指南.docx

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教案robinsoncrusoe指南

教案robinsoncrusoe[指南]

•RobinsonCrusoe（1719）

（1）

I.IntroductiontotheRiseoftheModernEnglishNovel

DanielDefoe（adventurestory）

HenryFielding（1707—54）:

TomJones（1749）

JonathanSwift:

Gulliver’sTravels（1726）

TobiasSmollett（1721—71）

RoderickRandom（1748）

（firstEnglishseanovel）

SamuelRichardson（1689-1761）:

Pamela（1740）

LawrenceSterne（1713-68）:

TristramShandy（1759）,Asentimental

Journey（1768）

（OliverGoldsmith（1730-74）:

TheVicarofWakefield

•RiseoftheNovel

AccordingtothedeadliterarycriticIanWatt,theemergenceofthenovelasa

genrewasenabledbytwofactors.

1.Thereadingpublic（whichwehavejusttalkedabout）and

2.Anindividualistsociety

•Individualism

•Def:

theconceptionthatallvalues,rights,anddutiesoriginatein

individuals（asopposedtogroupsorinstitutionssuchasthestate,church

orsociety）

•ConsiderhowtheadventindividualismmighthavechangedBritish

society.

•CausesofIndividualistSociety

IanWatt—stilldead—attributestwocausestoindividualistsociety

1.Riseofmodernindustrialcapitalism

2.SpreadofProtestantism

•RiseofModernIndustrialCapitalism

•Specialization—bringsaboutmorechoiceforindividuals

–Insteadofmakingcandles,youcannowchoosetomakethewick

orthewax

•i.e.therearemorejobsbutnotnecessarilymoreexciting

jobs

–Thisisapossiblereasonthattherewasanappetite

foradventurestorieslikeRobinsonCrusoe

•RiseofModernIndustrialCapitalism,cont‘d

Thepursuitofwealthweakenssocialties.

CanyougivesomeexamplesofhowthisisexemplifiedinRobinsonCrusoe?

•RiseofModernIndustrialCapitalism,cont‘d:

HOMOECONOMICUS

RobinsonCrusoeisoftenreferredtoasanexemplarofhomoeconomicus,the

economicman.

Pascal:

―Alltheunhappinessofmanarisesfromonesinglefact,thattheycannot

stayquietlyintheirownroom.‖

Whatdoyouthinkaboutthisstatement?

HowdoyouthinkCrusoewouldfeelaboutthisstatement?

•RiseofModernIndustrialCapitalism,cont‘d

Individualmobilityisincreasingfiguratively（classmobility）andliterally.

Exploring,tradeandcolonizationarecreatingwealthandhelpingtodrivetheengineofanewcapitalisteconomy.

Theadventurestoryisametaphorforanewindividualistlifewhichitself

ismoreadventurous.

Or,theabilitytoreadfictionismerelyanotherchoice.Theprinting

pressoffers―substituteexperience.‖

•SpreadofProtestantism

Protestantism―emphasiz[es]theideathatuntiringstewardshipofthematerialgiftsofGodwasaparamountreligiousandethicalobligation.‖–Watt

Therefore,beingsuccessfulinbusinesshasbeenviewedmuchmorepositivelyintheProtestanttraditionthaninCatholicismwhereholinessisfoundinamonkishseparationfromthematerialworld.

•HomoOeconomicus

•Merchantilism

•Colonization

•Pursueformoney

•Natureseenasaninstrumenttoexploit

•Individualism

•Self-mademan

•Typicalofmiddleclass

•Manisinthecentreofallandthankstohiscapacitiescanovertake

difficultiesandtroubles

•Slavery/Superiorityofwhitemen

•Realism

•Bookkeeping

•Typicalofthemercantileclass

•Robinsonusesadiary

•DatesandPlace‘sdetails

•Weknowthenamesofgeographicalplaces

•PuritanAspects

•Predestination

•Importanceofworkinall-daylife

•Sinredemption

•Withhardworkmancanbepurificated

II.Defoe’sLifeandliteraryCareer

Defoe,Daniel（1660?

-1731）,Englishnovelistandjournalist,whoseworkreflectshisdiverseexperiencesinmanycountriesandinmanywalksoflife.

Besidesbeingabrilliantjournalist,novelist,andsocialthinker,Defoewasa

prolificauthor,producingmorethan500books,pamphlets,andtracts.

BorninLondonasasonofabutcher

HebecameahosierafterschoolingandtraveledalotintheContinent.

Beingamerchant,heexperiencedupsanddownsinhisbusiness.

ThepamphletHymntothePillorymadehimaheroin1703and

markedaturningpointinhisliterarycareer.

HestartedTheReview,apoliticalandliterarymagazineinprison.

Ashisrelease,heworkedasajournalistandpamphleteer.

Valuableexperiencetocultivatehisabilities:

1）lovedshort,crisp,plainsentences;

2）Capacityforobserving,groupingandmemorizingdetails

3）Skillsinuseofcircumstantialdetail

4）Facultyofcreativeimagination

HisplaceinBritishliteraturewasmadeforhimbyhisnovel―Robinson

Crusoe‖

In1719,hepublishedhismasterpieceRobinsonCrusoeattheageof59.

ThenovelisbasedonreallifeofaScottishsailor.Defoeembellishedthe

sailor‘sstorywithmanyincidentsofhisownimagination.

DanielDefoe（1661—1731）—OneoftheforerunnersoftheEnglishrealistic

novel.

Defoe?

sfirstandmostfamousnovel,TheLifeandStrangeSurprising

AdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe,ofYork,Mariner,appearedin1719,

whenhewasalmost60yearsold.Thebookiscommonlyknownas

RobinsonCrusoe.Afictionaltaleofashipwreckedsailor,itwasbasedon

theadventuresofaseaman,AlexanderSelkirk,whohadbeenmarooned

ononeoftheJuanFernándezIslandsoffthecoastofChile.Thenovel,

fullofdetailaboutCrusoe‘singeniousattemptstoovercomethe

hardshipsoftheisland,hasbecomeoneoftheclassicsofchildren?

s

literature.Otherworks:

CaptainSingleton,MollFlanders,Colonel

JacqueandRoxana.TheyclearlymanifestDefoe'sdeepconcernforthe

poorinhissociety.Theyarethefirstliteraryworksdevotedtothestudy

oftheproblemsofthelower-classpeople.

III.ThecharacterizationofCrusoe

DefoetracesthedevelopmentofCrusoefromanaïveandartlessyouth

intoacleverandhardenedmantemperedbynumeroustrialsinhis

eventfullife.

Crusoeisaherowithundauntedwillandpower.

CrusoerepresentsatypicaloftheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlystages

ofitsdevelopment,practical,religiousandmindfulofhisownprofits.

Crusoeiscondemnedasanimageofacolonist,forhesupports

Negro-slaveryandteachesthefirstword―master‖toFriday.

RobinsonCrusoe,imageofacolonist

Heownsaplantationwherecoloredslavesareexploited.

Crusoeassumestheroleofamaster.―master‖isthefirstwordFriday

learnsfromRobinson.

CrusoedefinesFriday‘speopleas―blinded,ignoredpagans,andremarks

thatbyteachinghisslavethegospel,hehasbecomea―muchbetter

scholarinthescriptureknowledge.‖

HisattempttoChristianityFriday

CrusoeSavesFridayfromtheCannibals

Q:

WhatisCrusoe’smotivationtosaveFridayfromthecannibals?

Q:

BeingcultivatedbyCrusoe,Fridaylosthisownnationalidentityatthesametime.Doyouagreethisstatement?

（master/slave;white/non-white;Christianity/barbarouseatinggroup）

thecenterofEurope（欧洲中心论）

Thehero

——anembodimentoftheSpiritofindividualenterpriseandcolonialexpansion

——anempire-builder,colonizer,aforeigntrader

——amanagainstnatureandlivingthroughdifferentstagesofhuman

civilizationinaseeminglyprimitiveenvironment

——whenFridaycame,hebecameanexploiter,colonizer

DefoewasatypicalmanoftheeighteenthcenturyEnglishmiddleclass,

hardworking,ingenious,liberalinmindandadvancedinopinion.He

valuedthePuritanethicandbeliedindiligenceandself-reliance.Allhis

life,hewasbusy,speculativeandactive.He,likeRobinson,isaman

whosepersonalpridewouldneverallowhimtobeliehisown

backgroundandclass.Hisworksarereflectionsofthebelief,strength,

weakness,interest,andmoralsofthebourgeoismiddleclasstowhichhe

belonged.

Hewasverysympatheticwiththosepoorandlessfortunateanddid

everythinghecouldtoreachthemandhelpthem.Hewasamongthefirst

writersevertogiveconcerntotheproblemsofthesocialoutcast.

•Todepicthimasaherostrugglingagainstnatureandhumanfate.

Throughthecharacterizationofhishero,Defoeseemedtofillhimwith

hisindomitablewillandhandandeulogizecreativelabor,physicalor

mental,anillusiontotheglorificationofthebourgeoiscreativitywhenit

wasarisingandmoreenergeticclassintheinitialstruggleofhis

historicaldevelopment.

•Attheearlystage,anindividuallaborer,andthenbecameamaster,until

atlastacolonizer.Fromthischaracter,Defoereallycreatedanimageof

anenterprisingEnglishmanofthe18thcentury.Whilecreatingthishero,

Defoejusthadhimgonethroughvariousphasesofhumancivilization,

creatingavisualpicturethatmanifestshowhumanhistoryhasdeveloped

fromtheprimitivetothefeudalandthentothecapitalisticinthe18th

century.

Stressonhisphysical+rationalefforts

Rationalattitude,practicalmind

•Inthisnovel,Defoecreatedtheimageofatrueempire-builder,a

colonizer,andaforeign-traderwhohasthecouragetofacehardships,

andwhohasthedeterminationtopreservehimselfandimproveonhis

livelihoodbystrugglingagainstnature.Beingabourgeoisiewriter,Defoe

glorifiestheheroanddefendsthepolicyofcolonialismofBritish

government.

III.Closereadingoftheselectedchapter

WhydoesCrusoewanttomakeanewdwelling?

Howabouthisoriginal

one?

againstsavagesandwildbeast;

tohaveamorehealthyandmoreconvenientspotofground

Whatarethekeyconsiderationsinmakinganewdwelling?

1）health,withfreshwater

2）fromtheheatofthesun

3）fromravenouscreatures

4）haveaviewtothesea

HowdoesCrusoebuildhistent?

Isitaneasyjob?

1）drewahalfcirclebeforethehollowplace

2）pitchedtworowsofstrongstakes