百题精炼 专题22 新题型七选五阅读理解解析1.docx

百题精炼 专题22 新题型七选五阅读理解解析1.docx

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百题精炼专题22新题型七选五阅读理解解析1

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Urbanization

Untilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5，500yearsago.__71__Infact,nearlyeveryonelivedonfarmsorintinyrural（乡村的）villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.

Britainwasonlythebeginning.__72__Theprocessofurbanization—themigration（迁徙）ofpeoplefromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.

In1900,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.__73__

Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagriculturalsocieties,ittookaboutninety－fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities.__74__Untilmoderntimes,thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite（精英）andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.

Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.__75__Today,insteadofneedingninety－fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon－farmers.

A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.

B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.

C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.

D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecameurbansocieties.

E．Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.

F．Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.

G．Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.

（2）[2013·辽宁卷]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Forgiveness

Toforgiveisavirtue,butnoonehaseversaiditiseasy.Whensomeonehasdeeplyhurtyou,itcanbeextremelydifficulttoletgoofyourhate.However,forgivenessispossible,anditcanbesurprisinglybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalhealth.Peoplewhoforgiveshowlesssadness,angerandstressandmorehopefulness,accordingtoarecentresearch.

__71__Trythefollowingsteps：

Calmyourself.__72__Youcantakeacoupleofbreathsandthinkofsomethingthatgivesyoupleasure:

abeautifulsceneinnature,orsomeoneyoulove.

Don'twaitforanapology.Manytimesthepersonwhohurtyoudoesnotintendtoapologize.Theymayhavewantedtohurtyouortheyjustdon'tseethingsthesameway.__73__Keepinmindthatforgivenessdoesnotnecessarilymeanbecomingfriendsagainwiththepersonwhoupsetyou.

Takethecontrolawayfromyouroffender（冒犯者）.Rethinkingaboutyourhurtgivespowertothepersonwhocausedyoupain.Insteadoffocusingonyourwoundedfeelings,learntolookforthelove,beautyandkindnessaroundyou.

__74__Ifyouunderstandyouroffender,youmayrealizethatheorshewasactingoutofunawareness,fear,andevenlove.Youmaywanttowritealettertoyourselffromyouroffender'spointofview.

Don'tforgettoforgiveyourself.__75__Butitcanrobyouofyourself－confidenceifyoudon'tdoit.

A．Whyshouldyouforgive?

B．Howshouldyoustarttoforgive?

C．Recognizethebenefitsofforgiveness.

D．Trytoseethingsfromyouroffender'sangle.

E．Forsomepeople,forgivingthemselvesisthebiggestchallenge.

F．Tomakeyourangerdieaway,tryasimplestress－managementtechnique.

G．Ifyouwaitforpeopletoapologize,youcouldbewaitinganawfullylongtime.

75．E　根据这段的主题“Don'tforgettoforgiveyourself”，符合此主题的应该是E。

（3）[2013·全国卷Ⅰ]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Businessistheorganizedapproachtoprovidingcustomerswiththegoodsandservicestheywant.Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesthesegoodsandservices.Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit（利润）—theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness.__71__Commonlycallednonprofits，theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders.__72__

Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction，andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.__73__Oneistheestablishment（制定）ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.__74__Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision（监管）andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.__75__

A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.

B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.

C．Examplesofnonprofitbusinessesincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.

D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.

E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.

F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.

G.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.

（4）[2013·课标全国卷Ⅱ]

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

PublicSpeakingTraining

Getacoach

51.________，sogethelp.Sincethereareaboutabillioncompaniesoutthereallreadytoofferyoupublicspeakingtrainingandcourses,herearesomethingstolookforwhendecidingthetrainingthat'srightforyou.

Focusonpositives

Anytrainingyoudotobecomemoreeffectiveatpublicspeakingshouldalwaysfocusonthepositiveaspectsofwhatyoualreadydowell.Nothingcanhurtconfidencemorethanbeingtoldthatyouaren'tdoingwell.52.________，sogoodpublicspeakingtrainingshoulddevelopthoseinsteadoftellingyouwhatyoushouldn'tdo.

53.________

Ifyoufindapublicspeakingcoursethatlooksasthoughit'sgoingtogiveyoulotsofdosanddon'ts,walkaway!

Yourbrainissofullofwhatyou'regoingtobetalkingabout.54.________Asfaraswe'reconcerned,therearebasicallynohardandfastrulesaboutpublicspeaking.Youraudiencecanbeyourfriends.

Youareaspecialpersonnotaclone

Mostimportantly,goodpublicspeakingtrainingshouldtreatyouasaspecialone,withyourownpersonalhabits.55.________.Yourtrainingcourseshouldhelpyoubringoutyourpersonality,nottrytoturnyouintosomeoneyou'renot.

A.Youaren'tlikeanybodyelse

B.Youalreadydolotsofthingswell

C.Turnyourbackontoomanyrules

D.Checktherulesaboutdosanddon'ts

E．Whateverthepresentation,publicspeakingistough

F．Theonethingyoudon'twantisforthemtofallasleep

G．Sotryingtoforceawholesetofrulesintoitwilljustmakethingsworse

（5）【2014届辽宁五校协作体摸底试题】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

【小题1】71Ifyouaregrowingtomatoesinyourbackyardforsaleyouareproducingforthemarket.Youmightsellsometoyourneighborandsometothelocalmanagerofthesupermarket.Butineithercase,youareproducingforthemarket.【小题2】72Ifpeoplestopbuyingtomatoes,youwillstopproducingthem.

Ifyoutakecareofasickpersontoearnmoney,youareproducingforthemarket.Ifyourfatherisasteelworkeroratruckdriveroradoctororagrocer,heisproducinggoodsorserviceforthemarket.

【小题3】73Youmayspendmoneyinstores,supermarkets,gasstationsandrestaurants.Stillyouarebuyingfromthemarket.Whenthelocalgrocerhiresyoutodrivethedeliverytruck,heisbuyingyourlaborinthelabormarket.

【小题4】74Butforeachpersonorbusinessthatismakingandsellingsomething,itisveryconcrete（具体的）.Ifnobodybuysyourtomatoes,itwon’tbelongbeforeyougetthemessage.【小题5】___75__Itistellingyouthatyouareusingenergiesandresourcesindoingsomethingthemarketdoesn’twantyoutodo.

A.Themarketmaybesomethingabstract.

B.Thesellersarealwayssmarterthanbuyers.

C.Whenyouspendyourincome,youarebuyingthingsfromthemarket.

D.Themarketisaconcept.

E.Onehastomakehisendsmeetwhenshopping.

F.Themarketistellingyousomething.

G.Youreffortsarebeingdirectedbythemarket.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

DoctorsSayMostHeartDiseasePreventable

Heartdiseaseisthenumberonekiller,worldwide,ofmenandwomenovertheageof60.Butpeopleofallagesdieofheartattackseachyear.AndwhiledeathrateshavedeclinedintheU.S.andmanywesternEuropeancountries,theyareontheriseinthedevelopingworld.71.

NoonewouldhaveguessedthatBarbaraTengwouldhaveaheartattack.Shewasnotoverweight.Shedidnotsmokeorexercise.“In2004,theweekafterIturned49,whenIwasonabusinesstripinChicago,Ihadamajorheartattack,"shesaid.72.Shenowexercisesdaily,andmonitorsherhearthealth.

Dr.PatriceNickens,whoiswiththeNationalHeart,LungandBloodInstitute,thinksthatheartdiseaseis82percentpreventable.“73,”shesaid,“Menarealsofacingthesameproblem,andthekeytostayinghealthyisknowingyournumbers”.

“Yourweight,yourbloodcholesterol,bloodsugarandyourbloodpressureareimportantnumbersthatcanhelpyoutakeactionandreduceyourrisk,”shesaid.

74.

“Andthestepstotakearesimple:

don’tsmoke,maintainahealthyweight,exercise,knowyournumbersandtalktoyourphysicianandcontroltheserisks,”shesaid.

African-Americansareathigher-than-averageriskforheartdisease