定语从句的整合与拆分.docx

定语从句的整合与拆分.docx

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定语从句的整合与拆分

Grammar:

定语从句（AttributiveClauses）

定义：

定语从句（AttributiveClauses）：

由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词和代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词可分为关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that）和关系副词（when,where,why）关系词都充当从句的某个成分，它所替代的相应成分应省去。

在定语从句中，当who,which,that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。

关系词常有3个作用：

①引导定语从句。

②代替先行词。

③在定语从句中担当一个成分。

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。

关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。

一.关系代词以及基本用法

关系代词

指代对象

作用

例句

That

人.物

主.（宾）.表语

ThestudentthatansweredthequestionwasJohn.

Thebook（that）youlentmewasinteresting.

Which

物

主.（宾）

Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

Thisisthepen（which）heboughtyesterday.

Who

人

主.（宾）

Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'shealth.

Theman（who）youmetjustnowismyfriend.

Whom

人

（宾）

Theman（whom）youmetjustnowismyfriend.

Mr.Lingisjusttheboy（whom）Iwanttosee.

Whose

人.物

定

Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.

注意一：

1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。

　　　2）that前不能有介词。

模仿范例，把下列两个简单句合成带有定语从句的复合句。

1.TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball.

（1）第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

Theboys（theboysareplayingfootball）arefromClassOne.

（2）括号中句子里的主语theboys,和先行词是同一个词，应该用关系词替换从句中重复的theboys.Theboys在从句中作主语，关系词中能作主语并代表人的是who,that

Theboys（who\thatareplayingfootball）arefromClassOne.

（3）who\that==theboys,在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

2.Ifoundtheletter.Thelettercameyesterday.

（1）第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

IfoundTheletter（thelettercameyesterday）.

（2）用关系词替换从句中重复的theletter,关系词中能作主语并代表物的是which,that

IfoundTheletter（which\thatcameyesterday）.

（3）which\that==theletter,在定语从句中做主语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

3.Themanismyfriend.Youmetthemanjustnow

（1）第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

Theman（youmetthemanjustnow）ismyfriend.

（2）用关系词替换从句中重复的theman,关系词中能作宾语并代表人的是whom,that

Theman（whom\thatyoumetjustnow）ismyfriend.

（3）whom\that==theman,在定语从句中做宾语的成分，并连接先行词和定语从句。

做宾语的关系词whom\that可以省略Theman（youmetjustnow）ismyfriend.

4.Ihelpedtheman.Theman’scarwasbroken.

（1）第一句为主句，第二句为从句，将两个单句合并为一句。

Ihelpedtheman（theman’scarwasbroken）.

（2）theman’s是名词所有格，起到定语的作用修饰car,用关系词替换从句中重复的theman,关系词中能作定语，表示“谁的”是whose

Ihelpedtheman（whosecarwasbroken）.

（3）whose=theman’s,在定语从句中做定语，并连接先行词和定语从句。

Whose不但可以表示“谁的”，还可以指物，表示“什么的”。

例如：

Ioncelivedinahouse.Theroofofthehousehasfallenin./Thehouse’sroofhasfallenin.

Ioncelivedinahouse（theroofofthehousehasfallenin）/Ioncelivedinahouse（thehouse’sroofhasfallenin.）

此句可改为：

Ioncelivedinahouse（theroofofwhichhasfallenin）/（whoseroofhasfallenin）.

介词+关系代词可提前，此句还可改为Ioncelivedinahouse（ofwhichtheroofhasfallenin）

5.Thisnewsiscomingfromthecountry.Thecountryisontheothersideoftheworld.

→Thisnewsiscomingfromthecountrywhich/thatisontheothersideoftheworld.

6.Themineralswereunusual.Wefoundthemintherocks.

→Themineralswhich/thatwefoundintherockswereunusual.

7.Thisrocketisbeingbuiltforthesatellite.Thesatellitewillbesentintospacenextyear.

→Thisrocketisbeingbuiltforthesatellitewhich/thatwillbesentintospacenextyear.

8.Thehouseisourhome.Itsdoorisgreen/thedoorofthehouseisgreen.

→Thehousewhosedoorisgreenisourhome./Thehousethedoorofwhichisgreenisourhome./Thehouseofwhichthedoorisgreenisourhome.

9.Iseesometrees.Theleavesofthesetreesarewhite.

→Iseesometreeswhoseleavesarewhite./Iseesometreestheleavesofwhicharewhite./Iseesometreesofwhichtheleavesarewhite.

练习

1.Theboycametoseemeyesterday.HeisTom'sbrother.

  ______________________________________________________________________

2.Themachineswereconnectedwithwires.Thewireswereveryold.

  _______________________________________________________________________

3.Iknowtheboy.Yougaveabooktohim.

  ______________________________________________________________________

4.WehaddinnerwithJohn.Hetoldusstoriesabouthistravels.

   ____________________________________________________________________

5.Willyoupleaselendmetheverybook?

YouboughtitlastSunday. 

   ______________________________________________________________________ 

6.Thestudentisourmonitor.Ourheadmasterpraisedhimattheschoolmeeting. 

   _____________________________________________________________________

7.Heworksinamiddleschool.Thereisariverinfrontoftheschool.

_______________________________________________________________________

8.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.

________________________________________________________________________

9.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.

_____________________________________________________________________

10.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.

_____________________________________________________________________

11.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.

________________________________________________________________________

12.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.

________________________________________________________________________

13.Wehadtocirclearoundthecityinourplane.Itlookedverybeautiful.________________________________________________________________________

14.Doyouknowthedoctor?

Hecomeshereonceamonthandexaminestheworkers.

________________________________________________________________________

15.TheforeignguestisMr.Green.Yousawhimattheschoolgate.________________________________________________________________________

16.Heisthenewhead.Iwastalkingabouthimthismorning._______________________________________________________________________

17.I'vereceivedthebook.Fathersentittome________________________________________________________________________

18.Thedoctorcuredmeoffever.Healwaysworkedheartandsoul.

________________________________________________________________________

19.Theexperimentfailed.Thescientistwasworkingonitdayandnight._______________________________________________________________________

20.What'sthenameofthegirl?

HergrandpatookpartintheLongMarch.

______________________________________________________________

21.Thebuildingismyuncle'shouse.Itswalliswhite. 

   _______________________________________________________________

22.Thathouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisblue.

_______________________________________________________________

23.Theboywasquicklytakentohospital.Hislegswerebadlyhurt.

_______________________________________________________

24.Isthenotebookyours?

Itscoverisgreen.

_______________________________________________________

25.Ihaveapenfriend.Hisfatherisapoliceman.

_______________________________________________________

26.Wewillvisitthetown.Ihaveheardofitsname.

_______________________________________________________

27.Thebosshadheardabouttheaccident.MrKingworkedinhiscompany.

_______________________________________________________

28.Theladyisverypleased.Youfoundherpurse.

_______________________________________________________

把下列含有定语从句的句子拆分成两个简单句。

1.Themanwhohasapositiveattitudewillsucceed.

→Themanhasapositiveattitude.Hewillsucceed.

2.Thegirlwhoissittinginthecornerisasinger.

→Thegirlisasinger.Thegirlissittinginthecorner.

3.Theboys（theboysareplayingfootball）arefromClassOne.

→TheboysarefromClassOne.Theboysareplayingfootball.

4.ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.

_______________________________________________________________

5.Herparentswouldn’tallowhertomarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.

_______________________________________________________________

6.Theperson（whom）youwishtoseehascome.

_______________________________________________________________

7.Ifeelsorryforfamouspeoplewholivetheirlivesintheglareofpublicity.

_______________________________________________________________

8.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan

_______________________________________________________________

9.He'snotthekindofmanwhowouldgobackonhiswords.

_______________________________________________________________

10.Theyfirstwenttoalargeroomthatlookedlikeashop．

_______________________________________________________________

11.Themanandthehorsethatfellintotheriverweredrowned（淹死）.

_______________________________________________________________

12.Peoplewhousedhorsestopullheavyloadswouldchoosetokeepstrongeranimals.

_______________________________________________________________

13.Wewritelonglettersinwhichweoftendiscoverourstrangestselves.

_______________________________________________________________

14.Oneofthereasonsthatmadeitcoolforhimnottocarewasthepowerofhispeergroup.

_______________________________________________________________

15.Thefirstinteractionshumanhadwithhorseswerefardifferentfromthosetoday.

_______________________________________________________________

16.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirectionfromwhichshehadcome.

_______________________________________________________________

17.Thetrainranoverandkilledagirlandherdogthatwerejustcrossingtheroad.

关系副词用法：

关系副词

指示对象

作用

例句

When

时间

状语

I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherw