阅读理解技巧版.docx
《阅读理解技巧版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《阅读理解技巧版.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
阅读理解技巧版
阅读理解技巧
]主旨归纳题
议论文和说明文的主题句经常在开头或结尾。
记叙文往往没有主题句，需要在读懂全文、体会作者用意的基础上进行概括。
People in different countries have different table manners.Something that is polite in one country may be quite impolite in another.In Britain，you mustn’t lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having some liquid（液体）food.But it’s different in China.And in Japan you even needn’t worry about making noises when you have it.It shows that you are enjoying it.But it is regarded as bad manners in Britain.
The passage mainly（主要） tells us（B）
A.some table manners in Britain
B.some different table manners
C.different ways of having liquidf ood
D.to have good manners
People in many countries learn English and they learn it in different ways.Some learn it at school.Some learn it by themselves.Others learn Englishby radio on TV or in films.
The main idea of the passage is（A）
A.People in many countries learn English in many ways
B.Some learn English at school
C.Some learn English by themselves
D.Others learn English by radio，on TV or in films.
推理判断题
推理判断题，需要同学具有严密的逻辑推理和分析问题的能力。
A man was looking for things of old times.One day he came to a village and found a blue bowl，which looked very old.The bowl was on the ground and a cat was drinking milk from it.A farmer，the owner of the cat，was lying beside the bowl.In order not to draw the farmer’s attention to（吸引…的注意力） the value（价值） of the bowl，the man said to him in a soft voice，“What a nice cat you have！
Won’t you sell it to me？
”“How much would you give me for it？
”the farmer opened his eyes and asked.
“Twenty dollars.Would it be enough？
”
A few minutes later，the farmer agreed.After he paid the farmer，the man said，“My cat will certainly feel thirsty.May I take the bowl so that the cat can have milk？
”
But the farmer said，“I am sorry I can’t give it to you.Thanks to the bowl，I have already sold twenty cats.”
Who is much cleverer？
（A）
A.the farmer B.the man
C.both of them
D.neither
Nowsatellitesarehelpingtoforecast（预报）theweather.Theyareinspace,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.Thesatellitestakepicturesoftheatmosphere（大气）,becausethisiswheretheweatherforms（形成）.Theysendthesepicturestotheweatherstations.Someteorologists（气象学家）canseetheweatherofanypartoftheworld.Fromthepictures,thescientistscanoftensayhowtheweatherwillchange.
Today,nearlyfivehundredweatherstationsinsixtycountriesreceivesatellitepictures.Whentheyreceivenewpictures,themeteorologistscomparethemwithearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthatthecloudshavechangedduringthelastfewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too.Intheirnextweatherforecast,themeteorologistscansaythis.
Sotheweathersatellitesareagreathelptothemeteorologists.Beforesatelliteswereinvented,thescientistscouldforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hours.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsforthreeorfivedays.Soon,perhaps,theymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherforaweekormoreahead（提前）.
1.Satellitestravel__________.
A.inspaceB.abovespaceC.abovethegroundD.intheatmosphere
2.Whydoweusetheweathersatellitestotakepicturesoftheatmosphere？
Because_______.
A.cloudsformthereB.theweatherformsthere
C.theweathersatellitescandoiteasilyD.thepicturescanforecasttheweather
3.Meteorologistsforecasttheweather_______.
A.withoutstudyingsatellitepictures
B.beforetheyreceivesatellitepictures
C.whentheyhavereceivedsatellitepictures
D.aftertheyhavecomparedthenewsatellitepictureswiththeearlierones
4.Maybewe’llsoonbeabletoforecasttheweatherfor_________.
A.onedayB.twodays
C.fivedaysD.sevendaysorevenlonger
5.Themainideaofthispassageisthatsatellitesarenowusedin__________.
A.takingpicturesoftheearthB.receivingpicturesoftheatmosphere
C.weatherforecastingD.doingotherworkinmanyways
（A）这篇阅读材料向我们介绍了气象卫星在预报天气中所发挥的重要作用。
如今，许多国家的气象站都是在接收到卫星云图后，由气象学家进行研究分析，然后预报天气的。
在卫星的帮助下，人们可以预测未来三五天或更长时间内的天气状况。
1.A。
本题属表层理解题。
短文首句即是答案之所在。
2.D。
Fromthepictures，thescientistscanoftensayhowtheweatherwillchange是该小题答案的出处。
3.D。
答案就在themeteorologistscomparethemwithearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthatthecloudshavechangedduringthelastfewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too中。
4.D。
文章结尾的Soon,perhaps,theymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherforaweekormoreahead这句即是答案之所在。
5.C。
短文首句即点明了主旨。
1信息错位，表里不一
易错点扫描
1.阅读文章时信息错位。
2.把题目考查的内容与文章的信息对应时出错，也就是关键句的确认失误。
范例剖析
【例题】（2007年福建福州）Beijing-ShanghaiRailwaywascompletedin1968.……
Sinceopening,ithasbeenoneofthebusiestroutesinourcountry.The
Beijing-ShanghaiRouteisnowservedby10trainsaday,fiveofwhichare
non-stop.Thejourneytimeisjustunder12hours.Nowtrainsareallowed
totravelat250kph（kilometersperhour）andthejourneytimeisonly10
hours.
文中的第三题：
WhentheBeijing-Shangtrainrunsat250kph,thepassengers
speed_______onthetrain.
A.tenhoursB.twelvehours
C.onedayD.twodays
【典型错误】此题有的同学很容易误选B。
这是由于没有细心阅读文章第二段造成的。
【错因分析】这道题属于直观性问题。
出题者直接引用原文中的语句或根据原句稍加改动而编成。
选B的同学只看到了“Thejourneytime
isjustunder12hours”,其实这是就北京-上海铁路线上的总体情况而言的，在下句说得很明白：
“Nowtrainsare
allowedtotravelat250kph（kilometersperhour）andthejourneytimeis
only10hours”，也就是说全程也就只需要10小时了。
【正确答案】A。
【归纳拓展】这篇文章是有关火车大提速的新闻，与时事、新闻有关，所以在学习之余，同学们要多关注时事，经常浏览报纸、杂志和电视等媒体上的新闻，将对我们的学习产生很大帮助。
2无据推理，张冠李戴
易错点扫描
1.做题时，所做的推理在文章中找不到相应的依据。
2.在文章中找相应的依据时出现张冠李戴的情况。
范例剖析
【例题】（2007年安徽）“Sorry!
MaybeIwastoohardonyoujustnow.”saidthe
man,“Here’s$10.”
“Oh,thankyou,Daddy!
”hesaidhappily.Then,theboytookoutsome
coins.Whenthefatherfoundthattheboyalreadyhadmoney,hegotangry
again.
“Whydoyouwantmoremoneysinceyoualreadyhavesome?
”thefather
shoutedangrily.“BecauseIdidn’thaveenough,butnowIdo.”thelittle
boyreplied,“Daddy,Ihave$20now.CanIbuyanhourofyourtime?
Pleasecomehomeearlytomorrow.Iwouldliketohavedinnerwithyou.”
文章第一题：
Fromthepassage,wecaninfer（推断）thattheboy’sfather______.
A.oftenplayedwithhisson
B.spentlittletimewithhisson
C.didn’tlovehissonatall
D.oftencamebackhomeearly
【典型错误】此题同学们易误选C，因为通过上面的hegotangryagain，thefathershouted
angrily等处可以看到这个父亲对孩子很严厉，因此就误认为父亲不爱儿子。
【错因分析】出现错误的原因是同学们没能理解文章的主旨，仅仅根据父亲对于儿子生气的描写就错误地作出推断，认为父亲不爱儿子。
【正确答案】B。
根据文章最后一句可知，父亲是回家晚，呆在家的时间短，所以选择B项。
【归纳拓展】
同学们在做这类题时绝不能粗心，更不能凭空想象，要结合文章的主旨大意，从已知到未知，作出合理的推测。
平时练习时，要注意不仅要理解文章的细节，更要理解文章的主旨，这样，才可以作出正确的推理判断。
3仅凭印象，胡乱猜词
易错点扫描
1.对于生词，抛弃上下文，仅仅根据自己的印象来猜测词义。
2.没能掌握关键性词语的意思，在判断生词意思的时候出错。
范例剖析
【例题】（2007年安徽）“Daddy,couldyoulendme$10?
”
Thefatherwasfurious,“Ifyouaskedforthemoneytobuyatoyorsome
otherrubbish,thengostraighttoyourroomandthinkaboutwhyyouare
beingsoselfish（自私的）!
”……
Then,theboytookoutsomecoins.Whenthefatherfoundthattheboy
already
hadmoney,hegotangryagain.
文章第二题：
Inthispassage,theunderlinedword“furious”means______.
A.veryangryB.quitehappy
C.tooexcitedD.alittlenervous
【典型错误】有些同学根据furious后father的话进行判断，可能得出的结论是alittlenervous或者too
excited等，因而错选C、D项。
【错因分析】造成这种错误的原因是同学们遇到生词后，不能从上下文来正确判断，而且没有掌握关键性词语的含义（如hegotangry
again）。
【正确答案】B。
根据下文叙述的hegotangryagain可知，之前这个男孩的父亲是已经生过气了，再结合上下文，就可以确定答案为B。
【归纳拓展】对于词汇题目，一定要根据上下文去确定词义，切忌望文生义。
在出现这种题目时，其下文往往有相应的解释：
有的以破折号引出，有的以in
otherwords等短语引出，有的以该词的反义形式进行说明，但无论哪种形式，在原文中都会有相应提示，解题时要多注意总结归纳。
4无视主题，以点带面
易错点扫描
1.阅读时，没能掌握文章的主题或忽视了主题。
2.做题时，只知其一，不知其二。
范例剖析
【例题】（2007年重庆）JackBrown,anofficeworker,livesinWashington.He
inherited（继承）amilliondollarswhenhewas23,buthewasn’thappyat
all.……Hegave﹩10,000ofhismoneytoacharity（慈善机构）tohelppoor
childrenliveabetterlife.Todayheis36.Hestillwearscheapshoes
andclothesanddrivesasmallcaronly,butheisveryhappy.……
文章最后一题：
What’sthemainideaofthestory?
A.Helpothers,andyouwillfeelhappy.
B.It’snecessarytowriteletterstopoorchildren.
C.Liveasimplelife,andyoucangiveothershelp.
D.It’sthemostimportanttohelpthechildreninAfrica.
【典型错误】B、C、D
【错因分析】
阅读时不能紧紧抓住文章主题，或者没有把握住作者写作此文的真正意图，只记住了一些零星事实而偏离了主旨轨道。
本题的B、C、D都涉及了穷苦的孩子或者帮助别人的话题，但是都是片面理解文章之意。
【正确答案】A。
【归纳拓展】对这类文章主题思想归纳题，同学们应注意揣摩作者的写作意图以及文章的主旨，切忌片面、狭隘引申或简单重述文中某些内容，从而避免其他干扰项的影响。
阅读理解易错点拨
1.如何获取段落的主旨和大意
获取段落主旨和大意，最有效的办法是找出主题句。
主题句一般具有三个特点：
（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其他主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。
（2）句子结构比较简单，多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。
（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释支撑主题句所表述的主题思想。
A
Peoplearoundtheworldhavedifferentwaysofspendingtheholiday.
Celebrationsareheldaroundthenation.InSydneyeveryyearabout1to1.5millionpeoplegototheworld'slargestfireworks（焰火）displayneartheharbor（港口）.
NewyearisthemostimportantholidayinJapan.It'sasymbol（标志）ofstartinganewlife.InDecember,allkindsof"forget-the-yearparties"areheld.Attheparty,peoplesaygoodbyetotheproblemsofthepastyearandprepareforanewbeginning.Misunderstandings（误解）areforgottenandhousesarecleaned.AtmidnightonDecember31,temples（寺庙）playtheirgongs（锣）108timestodrive108kindsofhumanweaknessaway.
NewYear'sDayisadayofjoyandnoworkisdone.Childrengetsmallgiftswithmoneyinside.Sendingnewyear'scardsisapopulartradition.Ifthecardsarepostmarked（盖邮戳的）,theJapanesepostofficepromisethey'llsendthemallonJanuary1.
InGreece,thereisatraditionaldishforNewYear'sDay.Itisak
升级会员 