动物食品卫生学.docx

动物食品卫生学.docx

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动物食品卫生学

Introduce

（1studyperiod）

一.Theoverviewofanimalfoodhygiene

（一）Theconceptofanimalfoodhygiene：

animalfoodhygieneisnamedveterinarysanitaryecsomaticsandveterinarypublichygieneagain.Itbasedonthetheoryofveterinarymedicineandpublichygienetostudymeat、milk、eggsandaquaticproductsanimalfoodandtheirby-productforsanitarysurveillanceandinspectionofproduct、storage、transportationandmarketing，thentoensuretheusersecurityforpreventingAmphixenosisandanimalpropagationofdisease.Itisacomprehensiveandappliedscience.

（二）Thefeatureofanimalfoodhygiene：

1.lawsprehensiveness3.application

二.Thepurposeandresponsibility：

1.Thepurpose：

Toguaranteethehygienicqualityofanimalfoodandsafeguardtheconsumersafety，toutilizevariouskindsofanimalfoodandtheirby-productwithsafetyandbenefitsandimprovesanitation，topreventAmphixenosisandanimalpropagationofdiseaseandprotectmankindrelyingontheenvironment，toimprovethevitalquality.

2.Theresponsibility：

TopreventthedisseminationofAmphixenosis；Topreventfood-poisoningandthepollutionofnoxioussubstance；Tomaintaincecommercialcreditandreputationofanimalfood；Toexecuteandconsummatefoodsanitarycodes.

三.Thehistoryandprospectofanimalfoodhygiene

（一）Thehistoricreview

Theoverseas：

Afterthe16centuryandtherenaissance，FranceandItalybegantocarryoutbutcheringtest，Russiabeganfrom18centuryandAmericain1906.Allinall，uptothe19centuryfirst，developedinternationaltradeandmeatcoldstorage，thenmeatsanitarymodernsystemwasestablished.

Thedomestic：

Fromnow2500，Zhoudynastywastheearlistoriginofmeattest.DonghandynastyZhangzhongjingbooked《JinGuisummary》，In1928GuomingdangdepartmentofHealthgavetheruleupto1935，butonlyforfreshmeatandicedmeattest；In1949，afterbuildingupastate，foodhygienictestwasbeganformally.

In1950，many-stagehygienicandantiepidemicstationswereestablish.

In1959，“Fourdepartmentregulation”：

MinistryofAgriculture、MinistryofPublicHealth、Ministryofforeigntradandministryofcommercepublished“meathygienictesttyiedoutregulateon”altogether.

In1982，《foodhygieniccodes》waspublished

In1987，fixed-pointabatage

In1991，《animalandplantquarantinecodesforleavingandenteringcountry》

In1998，《animalassanation》and《swinebutchedregulation》

（二）Thestatusquoandprospect

1zoonosisincreasedgradually，manydiseasessuchasfootandmouthdisease、Neapolitandiseaseandchronicswineplaguespreadedendemicityandregionality；Therecentyear，thenewplagueappearednowandthen，asAvianflu、toroidviraldisease、EperythrozoonsuisandSARS.

2environmentalpollution：

food-poisoningproblemcausedbypesticideisincreasingyearbyyear；antibioticoverdosedledtodrugfastandimmunodeficiencythatevokedhighreconstruction；Clenbuterolhydrochlorideisaddedtoforagethenrevokedhumanpanic.

3Nuclearradiatedproblem：

warfareandnucleartest，nuclearIndustryandkineticdevelopmentinducedRadioelementtoradiatewhatwillbeharmtohumans.

4livestockandpoultry`sabatageandelaborationandtheotheranimalfoodprocessingwasoperatedwithdiversificationthenappearedhypocriticalandcheatedphenomenon，thatnotonlyeffectedanimalfoodhygienicqualityacutelybutalsogavehumanhealthsevereconsequence.

5transgenicfoodandhissafetyproblemexistedhiddendanger.

WordsList：

abatage-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------屠宰

Amphixenosis--------------------------------------------------------------------------人畜共患寄生虫病

antiepidemic-----------------------------------------------------------------------------防疫的

antibiotic---------------------------------------------------------------------------------抗生素

aquatic-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------水生的

assanation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------卫生法

avianflu---------------------------------------------------------------------------------禽流感

Clenbuterolhydrochloride------------------------------------------------------------克仑特罗

commercial-----------------------------------------------------------------------------商业的

consummate----------------------------------------------------------------------------完善

dissemination---------------------------------------------------------------------------传播

ecsomatics------------------------------------------------------------------------------检验

endemicity------------------------------------------------------------------------------地方流行性

Eperythrozoonsuis--------------------------------------------------------------------猪附红细胞体

execute-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------执行

hygiene----------------------------------------------------------------------------------卫生学

hypocritical-----------------------------------------------------------------------------伪善者

immunodeficiency---------------------------------------------------------------------免疫缺陷

kinetic------------------------------------------------------------------------------------动态的

livestock---------------------------------------------------------------------------------家畜

overdose---------------------------------------------------------------------------------超剂量

pesticide---------------------------------------------------------------------------------杀虫剂

poultry-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------家禽

propagation------------------------------------------------------------------------------传播

quarantine-------------------------------------------------------------------------------检疫

regionality-------------------------------------------------------------------------------区域性

renaissance------------------------------------------------------------------------------文艺复兴

sanitary----------------------------------------------------------------------------------卫生的

swine-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------猪

transgenic--------------------------------------------------------------------------------转基因

toroidviraldisease---------------------------------------------------------------------圆环病毒病

veterinary--------------------------------------------------------------------------------兽医

zoonosis---------------------------------------------------------------------------------动物传染病

ThefirstpageAnimalfoodcontaminationandmanipulation

Thefirstchapteranimalfoodcontaminationanddanger

（3studyperiod）

Thefirstsection：

Theconceptandcategorizationofanimalfoodcontamination

一.Theconceptoffoodcontamination

（一）Foodcontamination：

Thefoodcontainoriginallyandinfiltrate，thenaddedvariouskindsacuteandchronichazardouslivethingandchemicalsubstance.

（二）Thefeatureoffoodcontamination

1.Urbanpollutionenrichpartlybyfoodchainbesidesdirectpollutedrawmaterialandpreparation

2.Theharm：

acuteaffection，thehazardoussubstanceaccumulatedandresiduedinvivothenchroniclesionandpotentialthreaten

3.Thecontaminatedfoodcannotberecognizedbysenseorganbecausepartfoodappearedsenseorganchange.

4.Theconventionalcoldandheattreatmentcannotachieveabsoluteharmless，especiallypoisonouschemicalmaterialscausedpollution.

（三）Foodchain

Foodchainisinecosystemfromlowtohighlivingthingactasfoodonebyoneconnectingaecosystem.

Foodchainhasthetwocorrelatedwithmankind：

Theterrestrialfoodchain：

soil-----crop------livestockandfowl-----mankind

Theaquaticfoodchain：

water-----plankton（plants-----animal）------fish------mankind

二.Thecategoryofanimalfoodcontamination

Thefeatureofurbanpollutionisclassifiedthebiologicalandchemicalnature.

Thecharacterofpollutantisclassifiedthebiological、chemicalandradioactivitythreeaspect.

（一）Biologicalfoodcontamination：

itcomprisesmicrobialandparasiticcontamination；poisonousbiologicaltissueandinsects.

1.Themicrobialcontamination：

Themicrobesexistthenaturalworldextensivelyregardlessofwater、soilandair,sofoodmaybepollutedinthecourseofprocessing、transportation、storage、marketingandeating.

2.Theparasiticcontamination：

ThepathogenoftheAmphixenosisandanimalpropagationofdiseasepollutesbyanimalfood.

3.Thepoisonousbiologicaltissue：

Itisdeleteriousnessitselfandedibleharmfuleffectsformankind.

4.Insects：

Fly、larvina、beetleandmitesexistinmeat、eggandmilk.

（二）Chemicalfoodcontamination：

variouskindsnoxiousmetals、non-metal、inorganiccompound、organiccompound，etc.

Thekindsofchemicalfoodcontaminationaccordingtotheoriginofcontamination：

1.Industrial“threewaste”pollution：

wasteliquids、wastegases、wasteresidue

2.pesticidepollution：

pesticideisusedagriculture、forestry、animalhusbandry、fisheryandsanitationandsoonplentyofdomaingenerallytoincreaseproductivityandbumperharvest,thenactsastheimportantactorforprotectingmankind.

Pesticideresidue：

itispesticideitselfanditsmetabolinthatkeepsinstorageandjeopardizesmankindhealth.

3.veterinarydrugspollution：

veterinarydrugsresidualproblem

4.foodadditivepollution：

foodadditivesaresomeaddedchemosynthesisandnaturalchemicalsthatmayimprovekeepingquality，increasecolor、smellingandflavorthenenhanceanticorrosiveandprocessingtechnique.

（三）radioactivefoodcontamination：

radioactivematerialsaresorbedorabsorbedbyfoodanditstoxicityisharmtomankind.

Thesecondsection：

Thepathwayofanimalfoodcontamination

Thepathwayofanimalfoodcontaminationisversatilethatexiststhecourseoffoodproducing、processing、transp