英国文学选读课后答案.docx

英国文学选读课后答案.docx

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英国文学选读课后答案

英国文学选读

OfStudiesP18

1.Wearenowlivingintheageof“informationexplosion”.WhatlessonscanwelearnfromBacon’sinouraccesstoinformation?

Ourplanetisdevelopingforward.Thefast-movingdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologymakesitmoreconvenientforstudentstogetsufficientandeffectiveinformationbycountlessways.Thatistheexternalconditionforourstudy,whichwecanappropriatelymakefulluseof.Butwhatwehavetokeepinmindisthattheeternalmasterofstudyisnoonebutourselvesintheprocessofstudying.

2.Inwhatsensedoesreadingmakeafullman?

Readingmakesafullman.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;themathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.Readinghistoriesmakespeoplelearnlessonsfromtheancienttime,avoidmakingthesamemistakesandpredictthedevelopmentofthings.Peoplewhoreadhistorieswillbewiserthanthesewhojustactaccordingtotheirownpreferenceswithoutlearningfromhistories.Readingpoemsmakespeoplelearnthebeautyoflanguage,thebeautifulclassicalstyleofartandliveapoeticlife.Peoplewhoreadpoemswillbewittierthanthesewhohaven’tfeelthebeautifulmoodandpurelife.Readingmathematicsmakespeoplefocusontheaccuratecalculation,developascientificattitude,andformapragmaticspirit.Peoplewhoreadmathematicswillbemoresubtletoconsiderthingsfromallaspectsanddothingsfromthedropcarefullythanthesewhodon’tread.Readingnaturalphilosophymakespeoplepursuetruth,exploretheunknownmystery,andpracticeactively.Peoplewhoreadnaturalphilosophywillbedeeperthanthesewhodon’tlearnthetheoryofreflectingthetruth.Readingmoralmakespeoplelearnthewayofharmonyliving,formtheprincipleofethicalbehaviorsanddevelopcorrectoutlooksonvalues.Peoplewhoreadmoralwillbegraverthanthesewhobehavewithoutcorrectprinciplesandcan’tdealwithdifferentrelationships.Readinglogicmakespeoplemastertherulesofthinking,dealingwithdifferentthingsandexploringobjectivereality.Peoplewhoreadlogicwillbemorecontendtohaveclearideas,matertheprinciplesofobjectivetruththanthesewhodon’tactaccordingtorules.

Differentkindsofreadingmaterialsplaydifferentrolesinmakingafullman.Peopleshouldgetintodifferentreadingfieldsandtrainthemselvestobecomeacomprehensivetalent.Readingwilldogoodtoone’sphysicalhealthaccordingtosomereadingmaterialsofphysicaltraining.What’smoreimportant,readingpromotesthedevelopmentoflogicthinkingandmorality.Peoplecanbecalledafullmanonconditionthattheyhavefinequality,delicateself-cultivationandstrictmorality.Trytoreadextensivelyandbecomeafullman.

Poems:

HamletP8

1.Whyissleepsofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?

Nobodycanpredictwhathewilldreamofafterhefallsasleep.Deathmeanstheendoflife,youmaygotoorunknownworldandyoucan’tcomeback,.Ifhedies,Hamlet'scan'trealizehiswill.Though“sleep”canendtheheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks,itisastateofmind.Hamletdidn’tknowatall.Heisfrightenedbythepossiblesufferinginthelong“dream”.Hecan’tpredictwhatwillhappeninthesleep,maybegoodmaybeevil.

2.Whywouldpeopleratherbearallthesufferingsoftheworldinsteadofchoosingdeathtogetridofthem,accordingtoHamlet?

Deathissomysteriousthatnobodyknowswhatdeathwillbringtous.Maybebittersufferings,greatpains,heartbreakingstories…Becausepeopleholdthesameidea"togruntandsweatunderawearylife,butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath-theundiscover’dcountry,formwhosebournnotravelerreturns-puzzlethewill,andmakeusratherbearthoseillswehavethanflytoothersthatweknownotof?

”Peoplealsoarefrightenedbythemythsinanotherworldafterdeath.

3.What,afterall,makespeoplelosetheirdeterminationtotakeaction?

Pleaseexplaininrelationtotheso-calledhesitationofHamlet.

Conscienceandover-considerations.Hewantstorevenge,butdoesn’tknowhow.Hewantstokillhisuncle,butfindsittoorisky.Helivesindespairandwantstocommitsuicide.However,heknowsifhedies,nobodywillcomforthisfather’sghost.Heisinfaceofgreatdilemma.Theydon’tknowtheresultaftertheirtakingtheaction.SuchasHamlet,hedoesn’tknowwhatwouldhappenifhekillshisuncleorkillshimself.SoHamletwashesitated.

Sonnet18P13

1.Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?

（Page14）

Thepoetopenswithaquestionthatisaddressedtothebeloved,"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

"Thisquestioniscomparing“thee”tothesummertimeoftheyear.Itisduringthistimewhentheflowersareblooming,treesarefullofleaves,theweatheriswarm,anditisgenerallyconsideredasanenjoyabletimeduringtheyear.Thefollowingelevenlinesinthepoemarealsodedicatedtosimilarcomparisonsbetweenthebelovedandsummerdays.Inlines2and3,thespeakerexplainswhatmainlyseparatestheyoungwomanfromthesummer'sday:

sheis"morelovelyandmoretemperate."（Line2）Summerdaysaresometimesshakenby"roughwinds"（line3）whichhappensandisnotalwaysaswelcomingasthewoman.Howeverinline4,thepoetgivesthefeelingagainthatthesummermonthsareoftentooshortbysaying,"Andsummerleasehathtooshortadate."Inthesummerdays,thesun,"theeyeofheaven"（line5）,oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim,"hisgoldcomplexiondimmed"（line6）as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."（Line7）Thefinalportionofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinvariousaspects.Herbeautywillbeonethatlastsforever,"Thyeternalsummershallnotfade."（Line9）,andneverendordie.

Atlasttwolines,thepoetexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthiseverlastinglifeunlikesummerdays.Anditisbecauseherbeautyiskeptaliveinthispoem,whichwilllastforever.Itwilllive"aslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee."（Line13）thepoemisoutwardlyasimplestatementofpraiseaboutthebeautyofthebelovedwomanandperhapssummertothespeakerissometimestoounpleasantwiththeextremesofwindinessandheatthatgoalongwithit.However,thebelovedinthepoemisalwaysmildandtemperatebyhernatureandnothingatalllikethesummer.

Atlast,thepoetstartstopraisethatthebelovedissogreatandawingthatsheistoliveforeverinthissonnet.Thebelovedissogreatthatthespeakerwillevengoasfarastosaythat,"Solongasmenbreathe,oreyescansee,solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.”（line13、14）thatthebelovedisdeservingtoliveonforever.

2.Whatmakesthepoetthinkthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummerandimmortal?

Attheverybeginning,thepoetputsforthaquestion:

“ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

”Thenhegivesananswer:

“Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.”Ontheonehand,“RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate;”ontheotherhand,“Sometimetoohottheheavenshines,andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed.”Sofromtheabovetwoaspectsthepoetthinksthat“thou”canbemorebeautifulthansummer.Inaddition,“Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed.”Comparedwithimmortal,“Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st,norshalldeathbragthouwand’restinhisshade,whenineternallinestotimesthougrow’st.”Therefore,thepoetdrawsaconclusion:

“Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.”Inthispoem,thepoetmakes“thou”morebeautifulthansummerandimmortalbecauseofhisbeautifullines.Sointhiscase,“thou”inthepoemcanberegardedasfemalebecauselovecanbeautyeternal.Or“thou”canbereferredtomale,forfriendshipcanmakebeautyeverlasting.Even“thou”canbeabstract“love”or“beauty”whichwillbecomeeternalinthewonderfulpoem.

TheTigerP50

1.WhydoesthepoetmentiontheLamb?

DoyouthinkboththeLambandtheTigercanilluminateeachother?

TheTygeriscorrespondingtoTheLamb.Boththepoemsshowthepoet’sexploration,understandingandplaintofthemysteriouscreation.Inthispoem,theauthorimpliesthattheTigeriscreatedbyGodaswellastheLamb.SoeithertheTigerortheLambisessentialtoGod.

IthinkboththeLambandtheTigercanilluminateeachother.AlthoughtheLambcanrepresentthekind“innocentsociety”,itwillbelackofenoughmotivationtomakeprogress.WhiletheTigerwillcausesocialmisery,unrestorevendisruption,butitcanmakepeoplereleasetheircreativity.SothepoetbelievesthattheTigeristhesymbolofstrengthandcourage.Andhealsopraisesitspassion,desireandalltheloftybeauty.

2.Whatisthesymbolicmeaningofthetiger?

Whatideadoesthepoetwanttoexpress?

ThesymboloftheTygerisoneofthetwocentralmysteriesofthepoem（theotherbeingtheTyger’screator）.Itisunclearwhatitexactlysymbolizes,butscholarshavehypothesizedthattheTygercouldbeinspiration,thedivine,artisticcreation,history,thesublime（thebig,mysterious,powerfulandsometimesscary.Readmoreonthisinthe"ThemesandQuotes"section）,orvisionitself.Really,thelistisalmostinfinite.Thepointis,theTygerisimportant,andBlake’spoembarelylimitsthepossibilities

ThetigeristheembodimentofGod'spowerincreation:

theanimalisterrifyinginitsbeauty,strength,complexityandvitality.Thepoemisdividedintosixparts.In