重点高中常见的词性转换及其派生高考必备.docx

重点高中常见的词性转换及其派生高考必备.docx

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重点高中常见的词性转换及其派生高考必备

常用词词性转换及派生

词义

动词v.

名词n.

形容词adj.

反义词

其他派生词

使能够

；

enable

ability/disability

able

disable

disabled/unable

不正常的

<

abnormal

normal

缺席

absence

absent

&

学术的

academy

academic

加速

，

accelerate

acceleration

接受

accept

acceptance

）

acceptable

unacceptable

接进

access

access

accessible

;

住宿

accommodate

accommodation

积累

*

accumulate

accumulation

陪伴

accompany

company

>

精确的

accuracy

accurate

inaccurate

}

达到，获得

achieve

achievement

achievable

获得，习得

》

acquire

acquisition

表演，行动

act

action/act/activity

《

active

inactive

actual/actually

适应，改编

adapt

adaptation

]

增加，

add

addition

additional

足够

`

adequacy

adequate

调整/使适应

adjust

adjustment

@

敬佩

admire

admiration

admirable

！

承认

admit

admission

收养，采纳

'

adopt

adoption

adopted

前进

advance

advance

！

advanced

好处

advantage

disadvantage

（

事故

accident

accidentally

使上瘾

，

addict

addition

addicted/addictive

addict

做广告

advertise

advertisement

…

advertiser

影响,打动

affect

effect

（

机构

agent

agency

侵略，侵犯

~

aggression

aggressive

aggressor

农业

agriculture

\

agricultural

同意

agree

agreement

agreeable

disagree

|

disagreement

分配

allocate

allocation

允许

\

allow

allowance

allowable

使吃惊

amaze

amazement

:

amazing/amazed

抱负

ambition

ambitious

&

逗乐、娱乐

amuse

amusement

amusing/amused

分析

）

analyze

analysis

生气

anger

{

angry

通知

announce

announcement

·

使烦恼

annoy

annoyance

annoying/annoyed

期望

·

anticipate

anticipation

焦虑，焦急

anxiety

，

anxious

anxiously

鼓掌

applaud

applause

—

约定

appoint

appointment

道歉

；

apologize

apology

出现

appear

appearance

|

disappear

disappearance

申请

apply

applicant

|

application

欣赏

appreciate

appreciation

appreciable

靠近，方法

"

approach

approach

approachable

批准；认可

approve

approval

>

disapproval

争吵，争论

argue

argument

arguable

》

安排

arrange

arrangement

到达

%

arrive

arrival

评估，评价

assess

assessment

￥

帮助

assist

assistant/assistance

~

联系

associate

association

假定，假设

>

assume

assumption

使惊讶

astonish

astonishment

?

astonishing（ed）

运动员

athlete

athletic

￥

附上，依恋

attach

attachment

吸引

…

attract

attraction

attractive

unattractive

attractively

知道的

awareness

（

aware

unaware

烤

bake

bakery

！

平衡

balance

balance

balanced

以…为基础

·

base

basis，base

basic

basement

洗澡

bathe

bath

<

bathtub

生，忍受

bear

birth

bearable

unbearable

—

birthday/birthplace

美化

beautify

beauty

beautiful

beautifully

开始

￥

begin

beginner

beginning

表现

behave

behavior

\

相信

believe

belief

believable

unbelievable

#

believably

有益的

benefit

beneficial

背叛

:

betray

betrayal

盲的

blindness

&

blind

blindly

流血

bleed

blood

bloody

￥

bleeding（n.）

使烦闷

bore

bored/boring

勇敢

￥

bravery

brave

bravely

简洁的

）

brief

briefly

打碎

break

broken

）

呼吸

breathe

breath

breathless

breathlessly

晒，烧

…

burn

burnt

忙碌

business

|

busy

businessman

计算

calculate

calculation

\

有能力的

capability/capacity

capable

关心，喜欢

]

care

care

careful/careless

carefully/carelessly

偶然的

…

casual

casually

小心

caution

caution

cautious

]

庆祝

celebrate

celebration

celebrated

celebrity

中心

?

centre

central

挑战

challenge

challenge

、

challenging

改变

change

change

changeable

unchangeable

。

特点

character

characteristic（&n.）

欢呼

/

cheer

cheer

cheerful

cheerfully

化学

chemistry

#

chemical

chemist

小孩

child

childish

；

childhood

选择

choose

choice

chosen

文明的

~

civilize

civilization

civilized

澄清

clarify

clarification

*

分类

classify

class

classic/classical

：

classification

靠近的

close

closely

关闭

?

close

close

closed

收集

collect

collection

#

collective

结合

combine

combination

，

舒适

comfort

comfort

comfortable

uncomfortable

discomfort

商业

@

commerce

commercial

承诺

commit

commitment

^

沟通

communicate

communication

communicative

、

陪伴

accompany

company/companion

比较

%

compare

comparison

comparable

comparative

赔偿

compensate

compensation

<

竞争

compete

competition/

competence

competitive

}

competitor

抱怨

complain

complaint

&

信心

confidence

confident

confidential

关心；有关

concern

）

concern

concerned

unconcerned

concerning

总结

conclude

conclusion

，

指挥

conduct

conductor

：

使混淆

confuse

confusion

confusing/confused

祝贺

congratulate

（

congratulation

连接

connect

connection

connected

《

意识

consciousness

conscious

unconscious

:

后果

consequence

consequent

consequently

保存，保护

conserve

、

conservation

conservative

考虑

consider

consideration

considerate

，

considerable

构建

construct

construction

：

咨询

consult

consultant

消耗

consume

《

consumption

矛盾

contradict

contradictory

:

贡献

contribute

contribution

@

方便，便利

convenience

convenient

inconvenient

inconveniently

习俗

…

convention

conventional

使相信

convince

convincing

《

纠正

correct

correction

correct

~

腐败

corruption

corrupt

鼓励

encourage

%

courage

courageous

discourage

encouragement

覆盖

cover

cover

covered

、

uncovered

创造

create

creation

creative

creativity

【

犯罪

crime/criminal

criminal

批评的

criticize

&

critic/criticism

critical

拥挤的

crowd

crowded

|

残忍

cruelty

cruel

|

文化

culture

cultural

好奇的

—

curiosity

curious

骑自信车

cycle

cyclist

[

recycle

危险

endanger

danger

dangerous

endangered

]

死

die

death

dead

deadly

决定

decide

@

decision

decisive

宣布

declare

declaration

。

装饰

decorate

decoration

/

防卫，保护

defend

defence

定义

define

—

definition

故意的

deliberate

!

deliberately

高兴

delight

delight

delighted

delightful

…

投递

deliver

delivery

要求

demand

！

demand

demanding

否认，拒绝

deny

denial

^

离开

depart

departure

）

依赖

depend

dependence

dependent

independent

independence

沮丧

depress

`

depression

depressed

深

deepen

depth

deep

。

deeply

描述

describe

description

，

绝望的

desperation

desperate

desperately

破坏

destroy

`

destruction

决定

determine

determination

determined

；

发展；晒相

develop

development

developed

developing

#

献身，奉献

devote

devotion

devoted

区别,不同

differ、differentiate

：

difference

different

differently

困难

difficulty

difficult

？

指挥，指示

direct

direction/director

direct

directly

/

使失望

disappoint

disappointment

disappointing（ed）

使泄气

discourage

?

discouragement

discouraging（ed）

发现

discover

discovery

[

歧视，区分

discriminate

discrimination

…

讨论

discuss

discussion

恶心

disgust

￥

disgust

disgusting/ed

距离

distance

distant

?

分配

distribute

distribution

：

打扰

disturb

disturbing

分开，分成

divide

￥

division

divided

捐献

donate

donation

*

喝

drink

drinker

drunk

￥

昏暗的

dusk

dusky

灰尘

?

dust

dusty

经济

economy

economic/economical

$

economist

编辑

edit

edition

editor

—

教育

educate

education/educator

educational

年长的

~

elder

elderly

选举

elect

election

{

电

electricity

electric/electronic

electrical

<

优雅

elegance

elegant

尴尬

embarrass

'

embarrassment

embarrassed/ing

紧急

emergency

emergent

]

情绪

emotion

emotional

-

强调

emphasize

emphasis

雇用

employ

~

employment

employed

unemployed

employer（ee）

鼓励

encourage

encouragement

encouraging/ed

`

结束

end

end/ending

endless

（

活力，能量

energy

energetic

享受

enjoy

&

enjoyment

enjoyable

joyful

扩大

enlarge

large

;

询问

enquire

enquiry

、

进入

enter

entry/entrance

娱乐

entertain

《

entertainment

热情

enthusiasm

enthusiastic

…

环境

environment

environmental

environmentalist

—

嫉妒

envy

envious

平等

equate/

】

equal

equality

equal

unequal

equally

设备

equip

equipment

#

评估，评价

evaluate

evaluation

迹象

evidence

evident

进化

<

evolve

evolution

确切

;

exact

exactly

例外

exception

]

except

使兴奋

excite

excitement

excited/exciting

展览，展出

，

exhibit

exhibition

存在

exist

existence

~

期望,预期

expect

expectation

expected

unexpected

[

unexpectedly

花费

expense

expensive

经历

—

experience

experience

experienced

解释；说明

explain

explanation

%

爆炸

explode

explosion

explosive

（

探索

explore

exploration/explorer

暴露，揭示

<

expose

exposure

出口

export

export

—

import

表达

express

expression

<

延长，延伸

extend

extension

极端的

'

extreme

extremely

面对

face

face

/

facial

失败

fail

failure

·

忠诚

faith

faithful

名声，名望

—

fame

famous

时尚

fashion

\

fashionable

感觉

feel

feeling

…

最后

final

finally

财政;金融

!

finance

finance

financial

牢固的

*

firm

firmly

健康，适合

fitness

fit

—

灵活的，有弹性的

flexibility

flexible

流畅

{

fluency

fluent

fluently