重点高中常见的词性转换及其派生高考必备.docx
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重点高中常见的词性转换及其派生高考必备
常用词词性转换及派生
词义
动词v.
名词n.
形容词adj.
反义词
其他派生词
使能够
;
enable
ability/disability
able
disable
disabled/unable
不正常的
<
abnormal
normal
缺席
absence
absent
&
学术的
academy
academic
加速
,
accelerate
acceleration
接受
accept
acceptance
)
acceptable
unacceptable
接进
access
access
accessible
;
住宿
accommodate
accommodation
积累
*
accumulate
accumulation
陪伴
accompany
company
>
精确的
accuracy
accurate
inaccurate
}
达到,获得
achieve
achievement
achievable
获得,习得
》
acquire
acquisition
表演,行动
act
action/act/activity
《
active
inactive
actual/actually
适应,改编
adapt
adaptation
]
增加,
add
addition
additional
足够
`
adequacy
adequate
调整/使适应
adjust
adjustment
@
敬佩
admire
admiration
admirable
!
承认
admit
admission
收养,采纳
'
adopt
adoption
adopted
前进
advance
advance
!
advanced
好处
advantage
disadvantage
(
事故
accident
accidentally
使上瘾
,
addict
addition
addicted/addictive
addict
做广告
advertise
advertisement
…
advertiser
影响,打动
affect
effect
(
机构
agent
agency
侵略,侵犯
~
aggression
aggressive
aggressor
农业
agriculture
\
agricultural
同意
agree
agreement
agreeable
disagree
|
disagreement
分配
allocate
allocation
允许
\
allow
allowance
allowable
使吃惊
amaze
amazement
:
amazing/amazed
抱负
ambition
ambitious
&
逗乐、娱乐
amuse
amusement
amusing/amused
分析
)
analyze
analysis
生气
anger
{
angry
通知
announce
announcement
·
使烦恼
annoy
annoyance
annoying/annoyed
期望
·
anticipate
anticipation
焦虑,焦急
anxiety
,
anxious
anxiously
鼓掌
applaud
applause
—
约定
appoint
appointment
道歉
;
apologize
apology
出现
appear
appearance
|
disappear
disappearance
申请
apply
applicant
|
application
欣赏
appreciate
appreciation
appreciable
靠近,方法
"
approach
approach
approachable
批准;认可
approve
approval
>
disapproval
争吵,争论
argue
argument
arguable
》
安排
arrange
arrangement
到达
%
arrive
arrival
评估,评价
assess
assessment
¥
帮助
assist
assistant/assistance
~
联系
associate
association
假定,假设
>
assume
assumption
使惊讶
astonish
astonishment
?
astonishing(ed)
运动员
athlete
athletic
¥
附上,依恋
attach
attachment
吸引
…
attract
attraction
attractive
unattractive
attractively
知道的
awareness
(
aware
unaware
烤
bake
bakery
!
平衡
balance
balance
balanced
以…为基础
·
base
basis,base
basic
basement
洗澡
bathe
bath
<
bathtub
生,忍受
bear
birth
bearable
unbearable
—
birthday/birthplace
美化
beautify
beauty
beautiful
beautifully
开始
¥
begin
beginner
beginning
表现
behave
behavior
\
相信
believe
belief
believable
unbelievable
#
believably
有益的
benefit
beneficial
背叛
:
betray
betrayal
盲的
blindness
&
blind
blindly
流血
bleed
blood
bloody
¥
bleeding(n.)
使烦闷
bore
bored/boring
勇敢
¥
bravery
brave
bravely
简洁的
)
brief
briefly
打碎
break
broken
)
呼吸
breathe
breath
breathless
breathlessly
晒,烧
…
burn
burnt
忙碌
business
|
busy
businessman
计算
calculate
calculation
\
有能力的
capability/capacity
capable
关心,喜欢
]
care
care
careful/careless
carefully/carelessly
偶然的
…
casual
casually
小心
caution
caution
cautious
]
庆祝
celebrate
celebration
celebrated
celebrity
中心
?
centre
central
挑战
challenge
challenge
、
challenging
改变
change
change
changeable
unchangeable
。
特点
character
characteristic(&n.)
欢呼
/
cheer
cheer
cheerful
cheerfully
化学
chemistry
#
chemical
chemist
小孩
child
childish
;
childhood
选择
choose
choice
chosen
文明的
~
civilize
civilization
civilized
澄清
clarify
clarification
*
分类
classify
class
classic/classical
:
classification
靠近的
close
closely
关闭
?
close
close
closed
收集
collect
collection
#
collective
结合
combine
combination
,
舒适
comfort
comfort
comfortable
uncomfortable
discomfort
商业
@
commerce
commercial
承诺
commit
commitment
^
沟通
communicate
communication
communicative
、
陪伴
accompany
company/companion
比较
%
compare
comparison
comparable
comparative
赔偿
compensate
compensation
<
竞争
compete
competition/
competence
competitive
}
competitor
抱怨
complain
complaint
&
信心
confidence
confident
confidential
关心;有关
concern
)
concern
concerned
unconcerned
concerning
总结
conclude
conclusion
,
指挥
conduct
conductor
:
使混淆
confuse
confusion
confusing/confused
祝贺
congratulate
(
congratulation
连接
connect
connection
connected
《
意识
consciousness
conscious
unconscious
:
后果
consequence
consequent
consequently
保存,保护
conserve
、
conservation
conservative
考虑
consider
consideration
considerate
,
considerable
构建
construct
construction
:
咨询
consult
consultant
消耗
consume
《
consumption
矛盾
contradict
contradictory
:
贡献
contribute
contribution
@
方便,便利
convenience
convenient
inconvenient
inconveniently
习俗
…
convention
conventional
使相信
convince
convincing
《
纠正
correct
correction
correct
~
腐败
corruption
corrupt
鼓励
encourage
%
courage
courageous
discourage
encouragement
覆盖
cover
cover
covered
、
uncovered
创造
create
creation
creative
creativity
【
犯罪
crime/criminal
criminal
批评的
criticize
&
critic/criticism
critical
拥挤的
crowd
crowded
|
残忍
cruelty
cruel
|
文化
culture
cultural
好奇的
—
curiosity
curious
骑自信车
cycle
cyclist
[
recycle
危险
endanger
danger
dangerous
endangered
]
死
die
death
dead
deadly
决定
decide
@
decision
decisive
宣布
declare
declaration
。
装饰
decorate
decoration
/
防卫,保护
defend
defence
定义
define
—
definition
故意的
deliberate
!
deliberately
高兴
delight
delight
delighted
delightful
…
投递
deliver
delivery
要求
demand
!
demand
demanding
否认,拒绝
deny
denial
^
离开
depart
departure
)
依赖
depend
dependence
dependent
independent
independence
沮丧
depress
`
depression
depressed
深
deepen
depth
deep
。
deeply
描述
describe
description
,
绝望的
desperation
desperate
desperately
破坏
destroy
`
destruction
决定
determine
determination
determined
;
发展;晒相
develop
development
developed
developing
#
献身,奉献
devote
devotion
devoted
区别,不同
differ、differentiate
:
difference
different
differently
困难
difficulty
difficult
?
指挥,指示
direct
direction/director
direct
directly
/
使失望
disappoint
disappointment
disappointing(ed)
使泄气
discourage
?
discouragement
discouraging(ed)
发现
discover
discovery
[
歧视,区分
discriminate
discrimination
…
讨论
discuss
discussion
恶心
disgust
¥
disgust
disgusting/ed
距离
distance
distant
?
分配
distribute
distribution
:
打扰
disturb
disturbing
分开,分成
divide
¥
division
divided
捐献
donate
donation
*
喝
drink
drinker
drunk
¥
昏暗的
dusk
dusky
灰尘
?
dust
dusty
经济
economy
economic/economical
$
economist
编辑
edit
edition
editor
—
教育
educate
education/educator
educational
年长的
~
elder
elderly
选举
elect
election
{
电
electricity
electric/electronic
electrical
<
优雅
elegance
elegant
尴尬
embarrass
'
embarrassment
embarrassed/ing
紧急
emergency
emergent
]
情绪
emotion
emotional
-
强调
emphasize
emphasis
雇用
employ
~
employment
employed
unemployed
employer(ee)
鼓励
encourage
encouragement
encouraging/ed
`
结束
end
end/ending
endless
(
活力,能量
energy
energetic
享受
enjoy
&
enjoyment
enjoyable
joyful
扩大
enlarge
large
;
询问
enquire
enquiry
、
进入
enter
entry/entrance
娱乐
entertain
《
entertainment
热情
enthusiasm
enthusiastic
…
环境
environment
environmental
environmentalist
—
嫉妒
envy
envious
平等
equate/
】
equal
equality
equal
unequal
equally
设备
equip
equipment
#
评估,评价
evaluate
evaluation
迹象
evidence
evident
进化
<
evolve
evolution
确切
;
exact
exactly
例外
exception
]
except
使兴奋
excite
excitement
excited/exciting
展览,展出
,
exhibit
exhibition
存在
exist
existence
~
期望,预期
expect
expectation
expected
unexpected
[
unexpectedly
花费
expense
expensive
经历
—
experience
experience
experienced
解释;说明
explain
explanation
%
爆炸
explode
explosion
explosive
(
探索
explore
exploration/explorer
暴露,揭示
<
expose
exposure
出口
export
export
—
import
表达
express
expression
<
延长,延伸
extend
extension
极端的
'
extreme
extremely
面对
face
face
/
facial
失败
fail
failure
·
忠诚
faith
faithful
名声,名望
—
fame
famous
时尚
fashion
\
fashionable
感觉
feel
feeling
…
最后
final
finally
财政;金融
!
finance
finance
financial
牢固的
*
firm
firmly
健康,适合
fitness
fit
—
灵活的,有弹性的
flexibility
flexible
流畅
{
fluency
fluent
fluently