最新高考英语二轮复习 介词在短文语法填空中的考查解题指导.docx
《最新高考英语二轮复习 介词在短文语法填空中的考查解题指导.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《最新高考英语二轮复习 介词在短文语法填空中的考查解题指导.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
最新高考英语二轮复习介词在短文语法填空中的考查解题指导
2018届二轮复习介词在短文语法填空中的考查解题指导
判定方法
应用体验
如果名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。
通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。
①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeinengineeringorarchitecture.
②(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Mostofusaremorefocusedonourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.
③(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s...
(一)几组常见介词的辨析
1.表示时间的in,on,at
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·威海市模拟)HewrotethispostcardandsentittohislovelysisterNellinJanuary2017.
②(2017·福州市模拟)Onthisday,thedeadaresaidtoreturntotheirhomesandtheyarewelcomedbytheliving.
③(2014·四川高考改编)Workinginthegardenatmidnighttendedtothrowhertimingoff,soshedidn’tcaremuchaboutmybedtime.
1.in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等。
2.on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等。
3.at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
2.表示时间的in和after
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2014·北京高考改编)Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleavesinhalfanhour.
②(2017·合肥市模拟)Behindhimwereotherpeopletowhomhewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.
1.in表示“在……时间之内/之后”,所在的句子必须表示将来。
2.after表示“在……时间之后”,通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用。
3.表示方位的through和across
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2015·福建高考改编)Aweakrayoflightcameinthroughasmallholeinthewallandhewasabsorbedinhisreading.
②(2015·陕西高考改编)Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmabythearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.
1.through表示“从……的内部穿过”。
2.across表示“从……表面穿过”。
4.表示交通方式的by和on/in
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhourawaybycarandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.
②(2014·安徽高考改编)Readingisthebestwaytopasstimeonthetrain.
1.by后可直接跟涉及和不涉及交通工具的名词,名词前不加冠词。
2.on/in后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
5.表示“用……”的by,in,with
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·济南市模拟)MrLimakesalivingbydrivingtaxis.
②(2015·湖北高考改编)Thereisnodoubtthatthiscandidate’sadvantageliesinhisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.
③(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeatwiththeirhands.
1.by指“靠……手段,用……方法,凭借……”,后可接名词、代词或动名词。
2.in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前。
3.with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
6.表示“除……之外”的besides和except
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·白银市模拟)Besidesthese,about10%ofairpollutioniscausedbyotherreasons.
②(2015·全国卷Ⅰ改编)Ourmonthlytalksstartat19:
30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.
1.besides表示“除……之外还……”。
2.except表示“除……之外”。
(二)其他常考的介词
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·九江一中模拟)Itisaveryexcitingcitywithgreathotels,finerestaurantsandevencasinos.
②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ改编)Youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou.
③(2017·漳州市八校联考)Thisyearhadbroughtmesomuchpain—adivorce,losingmyhouseandthelossofmyjob.
④(2017·天水市模拟)Nowadays,withthedevelopmentoftechnology,onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmoreconvenient.
⑤(2016·四川高考)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandaformorethantwoyears.
⑥(2017·潍坊市模拟)Withnobodyelseatthescene,Chenleftallhismoney,311yuan($45),forcompensation,andaletterofapology.
⑦(2015·天津高考改编)Althoughherdescriptionsoundedwonderful,thepricewasbeyondourrange,sowedeclined.
⑧(2017·兰州一中模拟)Whenshedied,themayorofNewYorksaidthecitywouldnotbewhatitistodaywithouthersupport.
⑨(2017·天水市诊断)Inshort,IbelievethatitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishforthedevelopmentofourwritingskills.
⑩(2017·曲师大附中模拟)Despitethesedifficulties,theymanagedtoworkout24SolarTermsbystudyingthesun’smovement.
1.with
(1)(表示状态)具有,带有
(2)(表示伴随)随着
(3)(表示原因)由于,因为
(4)(表示关系)和……一起
(5)构成with复合结构
2.against
(1)(表示态度)反对
(2)(表示对比)以……为背景
(3)(表示方位)倚靠着……
3.of
(1)表示“……的”
(2)“of+n.”相当于形容词
4.for
“for+时间段”表示“长达……”
5.despite尽管,虽然
6.without如果没有
7.beyond超出,超越
(三)介词在固定搭配中的考查
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·江南十校模拟)Eachreadercanborrowupto5booksonceand20booksatmostintotal.
②(2017·银川九中模拟)ThemusicofPekingOperacanbedividedintotheXipiandErhuangstyles.
③(2017·大庆铁人中学模拟)Next,Tomlearnedaboutkidswhoneedmealsonweekendswhentheydon’thaveaccesstoschoollunches.
④(2017·厦门一中模拟)Duringthistime,niceandcheapgoodsareonsalefortouriststochoosefrom.
介词在固定搭配中的考查主要有以下几种形式:
1.介词与名词的搭配
2.介词与形容词的搭配
3.介词与动词的搭配
近几年语法填空题考过的搭配有:
atthesametime,atalowerprice,gobackto,befocusedon,exchange...for...,bechargedfor,laughat,nextto等。
(一)介词的错用
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)NowIamleavinghometocollege.to→for
②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tonysawatoyonashopwindow.on→in
③(2017·泸州市模拟)Thenthefathersmiledformeashehandedmeatip.for→at
④(2017·延安市模拟)Asaresult,doctorsareingreatneedinhomeandabroad.第二个in→at
⑤(2017·成都市模拟)Thenwiththesignalgiven,webeganclimbingtothedirectionofthetop.to→in
1.介词基本用法的错用
有时我们会受汉语的影响错用介词,例如:
“在……帮助下”,英语应用withthehelpof而不是underthehelpof。
2.固定搭配中介词的错用
介词可与名词、动词、形容词等构成固定搭配,其中的介词是固定的。
有时搭配中介词不同意义也不同。
(二)介词的多余与缺失
自主练悟
谨记规律
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.去掉for
②(2015·陕西高考)Mysoccercoachretiredinlastweek.去掉in
③(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsitbythelakelisteningmusic.listening后加to
④(2017·河北省“五个一名校联盟”质检)Oneday,aforeigncoupleintheirfiftiesenteredintotherestaurant.去掉into
⑤(2017·宁夏石嘴山市模拟)Facedwithchallenges,weshouldfightbravelyinsteadgivingup.instead后加of
1.介词的多余
及物动词后直接跟宾语,无需再加介词;last,next等后跟名词表时间时无需加介词。
2.介词的缺失
不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介词。
3.注意固定搭配中介词的有无。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2017·哈尔滨市模拟)Thethirdthingtokeepinmindaboutfailureisthatit’sapartoflife.
2.(2017·福州八中质检)Toourexcitement,ourparadeperformancewasagreatsuccess.
3.(2017·豫南九校模拟)Myparentsandteachersweresurprisedat_mybadperformance.
4.(2017·石家庄市质检)ManyforeignersgetmorefamiliarwithChineseculturethrough“redpackets”.
5.(2017·衡水中学模拟)WhenIwasyounger,Ididn’thavethegreatloveformusicasIdonow.
6.(2017·淮北市模拟)Inmyopinion,wealsolearnedsomethingveryimportantfromSamantha’sspeech.
7.(2017·锦州市模拟)Withoutmotherandfather’slove,Iwouldnotleadsuchahappylifenow.
8.(2017·银川九中模拟)Foottrafficaccountsfor80%ofalltrafficintheCopenhagencitycenter.
9.(2017·昆明质量检测)Alackofwatercanleadtohealthproblemssuchasheadaches,poorphysicalperformance,andevenmoreseriousproblems.
10.(2017·深圳市模拟)Ifyoucouldexchangeliveswithsomeoneforashorttime,wouldyouliketodothat?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2017·日照市一模)ManystudentsinourclassareweakonEnglishreadingcomprehension.on→in
2.(2017·厦门一中模拟)MyparentsandIwenttotheparkonlastSunday.去掉on
3.(2017·淮南二中模拟)Nowadays,peopleinmanybigcitiesarecomplainingtheheavyplaining后加about
4.(2017·银川九中模拟)ThematchwillbeplayedamongXinhuaMiddleSchoolBasketballTeamandours.among→between
5.(2017·定州中学模拟)IthadneveroccurredmethatstudyingcouldbesointerestinguntilImetMs.Li.occurred后加to
6.(2017·山西省实验中学质检)Astimewentby,theweatherturnedtocoldgradually.去掉to
7.(2017·石家庄二中模拟)Gatheringaroundhere,wepractisespokenEnglishbytalkingabouteverythingweareinterested.interested后加in
8.(2017·南昌市一模)Secondly,somestudentshavetocheatinexamsbecauseoftheyaretoolazy.去掉of
9.(2017·漳州市八校联考)Underthehelpofmymother,ImaderapidprogressinEnglish.Under→With
10.(2017·天水一中诊断)Inmyview,weshouldlimittoourusingsmartphonesexceptforthepurposeoflearning.去掉to