Air ForestReef.docx
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AirForestReef
AirForest/MassStudies
Architects:
MassStudies-MinsukCho+KisuPark
Location:
CityPark,Denver,Colorado,USA
Designteam:
JoungwonLee,BumhyunChun,KyungminKwon,SungpilWon
Structure:
Pneumatic
Construction:
ABR
Finishing:
Nylonfabricwithsilverdotprinting
GrossfloorArea:
673sqm
Designyear:
2004-2008
Constructionyear:
2008
Photographs:
SungpilWon/MassStudies
AirForestisatemporarypublicpavilioninstalledinCityPark,Denver,Colorado,USA,forDialog:
City,anartsandculturaleventduringtheDemocraticNationalConvention2008.
Site
Locatedineast-centralDenver,CityParkisthelargestandmostnotableparkinDenver.Thishistoric1.3km2parkhaslargeopengrassfieldswithFerrilLakeinitscenter,witharingoftreesallaroundthelakeandthepark’sperimeter.Thereisamaineast-westaxisthatcrossesthelake,startingfromtheDenverMuseumofNatureandScienceonthelake’seasternedge(atthepark’shighestelevation)tothelandmarkboatpaviliontothewestontheothersideofthelake,pastwhichonecanseetheDenverskylineandthemountainsbeyond.Theringoftreesbecomesdisconnectedatthisaxisonbothsidesofthelake,toprovideavantagepoint.
AirForest
AirForestisa56.3mlong,25mwidepneumaticstructure,composedof9hexagonalcanopyunits,at4mheight.Theseunitsareinterconnectedasonelargepieceoffabric,whicharetheninflatedfromthe14blowersthatarelocatedatthebaseinsideits35columns.Thesecolumnsare5mapart,andareweigheddownbydirtandlightingelementswhicharealsoinsidethecolumns,whichlightupatnightandprovideapublicspaceafterdarkaswell.6eachofthesepneumaticcolumnsformaunitastheyareconnectedinahexagonalmannercreatingacircularopeningfromtheirinsideperimeter.Outofthe9totalhexagonalunitsformed,3ofthemareleftopen-airwhiletheremaining6havevortex-shapedmeshesthathangfromthem,providingshadesforthepublicfromtheharshsunlight.Thenylonfabriciscoatedwithagradientofsilverdots,whosereflectivesurfacemimicsthecolorsofitssurroundingenvironment,aswellasprovidingaplayfuldottedshadowonthepeopleunderthestructure.
TheAirForestissituatedonthewesternedgeoftheFerrilLakealongthemainaxis.Beingatoneofthetwodisconnectedopengapsoftheringofforests,thissyntheticstructureseemstobeacontinuationoftheforestthatbridgesthisgap.
Thestructurealsoactsasagiantdevicetomeasurethesite’sconditions.Notonlydoesitswaygentlywiththewind,italsoactsasabarometer,sincetheinstallationbecomesstructurallyweaker(andthusaffectedbythewindmore)astheairpressuredropsduetocoolerweatherorevenaftersunset.
ChopStick/Visiondivision
Here’sawholenewdefinitionofthephrase“TreeHouse.”
Visiondivision‘sconcessionstandfor100Acres,anArt&NatureParkinIndiana,ismadeentirelyfromone100-ftyellowpoplartree.Notonlydoesthetrunkformthehorizontalbeamofthestructure,butliterallynothingofthetreewaslefttowaste:
barkbecameshingles;extractedpiecesofwoodbecamestructuralsupport,chairsandtables,swings;eventhebark’ssyrupwasextractedtobesoldinthekioskitself.
Thearchitectswhorefinedthistreeintoabuildingwereinspiredbyanethosof“gentleness”withnature.Astheyshareintheirarchitects’brief:
“Ourprojectisabouttryingtoharvestsomethingasgentlyaspossiblesothatthesourceofwhatweharvestisdisplayedinapure,pedagogicandrespectfulway—respectfultoboththesourceitselfandtoeveryonevisitingthebuilding.”
Thedesignisbasedontheuniversalnotionthatyouneedtosacrificesomethinginordertomakesomethingnew.Everyproductisacompoundofdifferentpiecesofnature,whetheritisacellphone,acar,astonefloororawoodboard;theyhaveallbeenharvestedinonewayoranother.Ourprojectisabouttryingtoharvestsomethingasgentlyaspossiblesothatthesourceofwhatweharvestisdisplayedinapure,pedagogicandrespectfulway—respectfultoboththesourceitselfandtoeveryonevisitingthebuilding.
Therawmaterialweselectedisa100-footyellowpoplartree,thestatetreeofIndiana,knownforitsbeauty,respectablesize,andgoodpropertiesashardwood.WefoundagreatspecimenstandinginapatchofforestoutsideofAnderson,Indiana.Ourgoalwastomakethebestoutofthisspecificpoplartree,fromtakingitdownandthroughthewholeprocessoftransformingitintoausefulbuildingthatisnowpartofoneofthefinestartparksintheUnitedStates.Astheprojectproceeded,wecontinuedtobesurprisedbyallofthemarvelousfeaturesthatwererevealedinrefiningatreeintoabuilding;bothinthelevelofcraftsmanshipandknowledgeofwoodworkersandarborists,andalsoofthetreeitself.
Thetreewasthentransportedtotheparksite,whereitbecamethesuspendedhorizontalbeamofthisnewstructure,whichisalmostentirelymadeoutofthetreeitself.Thetree’sbarkwasremovedtopreventitfromfallingonbystanders,aprocessthatoccursnaturallyasthemoisturecontentinthewooddrops,causingthetreetoshrinkandthebarktoloseitsgrip.Craftsmenloosenentirecylindersofbarkfromthetrunkthatarethenflattenedandcutintoastandardshinglelength.Theshingleswascarefullystackedandplacedunderpressuretoavoidcurling.Thestackswasthenkilndriedtothepropermoisturecontent,sterilized,andkeptinclimate-controlledstorageuntiltheywherereadyforuse.Barkshinglesareverydurable,longlasting(upto80years),andmaintenancefree.
Afterdebarking,piecesofwoodareextractedfromthesuspendedtreeandusedforeachofthecomponentsoftheconcessionstand;structuralsupportoftheconstruction,pillarsandstudsforthekiosk,swingsunderthetreeforkids,chairsandtablestobeplacedunderthetree’scrown,fromwhichspecialfixturesmadeoutofbarkpieceswillhang.Manyschoolchildrenvisit100Acres,andwehadthosekidsinmindwhenwedecidedtohangswingsfromthetree.Onasmallerscale,weexploredwaystouseotherpartsofthetreeintheconcessionstand,includingpressedleavesandflowersthatweretakenfromthetreeandthatbecameornamentsinthefrontglassofthekiosk.
WealsomadeYellowPoplarsyrupthatwasextractedfromthebarkofthetreeandthatwillbesoldinthekiosk,thusmeaningthatyoucouldactuallyeatapartofthebuilding.
Thedelicatebalanceactoftheriskofweakeningthehoveringtreewithtakingcutsfromitversushavingtohaveacertainamountofwoodtostabilizeandconstructthekioskandcarryingtheloadfromthetreeitselfwasverychallenging.Manydayswerespentwiththestructuralengineertryingdifferenttypesofcutsinacomputermodeltooptimizethestructure.Tobeabletofitallpiecesthatneededtobetakenfromthetreeintotheactualcutsweneededtomakedrawingsforeverysinglepiecetakenfromthetree.Wealsoneededtooptimizethekioskbothinsizeandinitsconstructionssinceitwouldtakealotofweightfromthehoveringtrunk.Thekioskgotatrussframeconstructionwithtwolargerpiecesofwoodthatarerightunderthetree.Usingtheschematicsfromourengineer’sforcediagramprogram,weconcludedthatthewallclosertotheendofthetreewastakingmoreofaload,thuswesizedupthetwolargerpiecesofwoodinthatspecificwall.Allthesealterationsreallyjustmadetheprojectmorebeautifulsincethedesignbecamemorerefinedintermsofmorebalancedproportions.
∙Architects:
visiondivisionThroughAndersBerensson&UlfMejergren
∙Localarchitect:
DonnaSink
∙Client:
IndianapolisMuseumofArts
∙Location:
100Acres:
TheVirginiaB.FairbanksArt&NatureParkatTheIndianapolisMuseumofArts.Indianapolis,IN,USA
∙Curators:
LisaFreiman&SarahGreen
∙Structuralengineer:
DaveSteiner
∙Contractor:
TheHagermangroup
∙Logger:
DaveandDave
∙Images:
EricLubrick(IMA),DonnaSink,visiondivision
Reef
Reefinvestigatestheroleemergingmaterialtechnologycanplayinthesensitivereprogrammingofarchitecturalandpublicspace.ShapeMemoryAlloys(SMAs),acategoryofmetalsthatchangeshapeaccordingtotemperature,offerthepossibilityofefficient,fluidmovementwithoutthemechanizedmotionofearliertechnologies.Operatingatamolecularlevel,thismotionparallelsthatofplantsandlowerlevelorganismsthatareconsideredresponsivebutnotconscious.Afieldofsunflowersastheytrackthesunacrosstheskyorareefcoveredwithseaanemones,offerimagesofthetypeofresponsivemotionthistechnologyaffords.Itsuseinpracticalapplicationshasbeenlimitedtothemedicalandaerospacefieldsaswellasnoveltytoys-thesuperexclusivevs.thetrite.Despitethepotentialofthistechnology,therehavebeenfewseriousattemptstotestitspossibilitiesatthescaleofarchitecturalenvironments.Reef'suniqueexplorationoftechnologyshiftsfromthebiomimetictothebiokineticwhileliberatingandextendingarchitecturescapacitytoproduceasenseofwillfulness.