非谓语动词深度用法讲解打印版.docx
《非谓语动词深度用法讲解打印版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《非谓语动词深度用法讲解打印版.docx(10页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![非谓语动词深度用法讲解打印版.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-2/1/1a78a3e7-ec3a-4a83-895f-ab824ced807c/1a78a3e7-ec3a-4a83-895f-ab824ced807c1.gif)
非谓语动词深度用法讲解打印版
陈才英语教育及辅导中心
【2017年4种非谓语动词深度用法讲解】
【佛山中学非谓语动词深度用法讲解】
辅导老师:
陈老师辅导学生:
【日期:
2017年5月5日】
【一】非谓语动词的定义
【不能作谓语/不能单独作谓语的动词】
(1)动名词/动词不定式完全不能作谓语
(2)现在分词和过去分词是不能单独作谓语,但是可以和助动词be.have/has,had一起作句子谓语
SheiswatchingTV.
(watching为现在分词,不能单独作谓语,必须要和助动词is一起作句子的谓语,即作iswatching谓语)
Anapplewaseatenjustnow
(eaten为过去分词,不能单独作谓语,必须要和助动词was一起作句子的谓语,waseaten作谓语)
【二】非谓语动词分类
【①不定式;②动名词;③现在分词;④过去分词】
①动词不定式【infinitive】【todo】
②动名词【gerund】【doing】
③现在分词【presentparticiple】【doing】
④过去分词【pastparticiple】【done】
【三】非谓语动词在句中充当成分
【1】主语(subject)句子陈述对象/句子叙述主体
【2】表语(predicative)与系动词一起说明主语的成分
【3】宾语(objective)句子谓语动词支配对象
【4】定语(attribute)修饰名词/代词成分
【5】补足语(complement)补充主语和宾语的成分
【6】状语(adverbial)修饰动词/形容词/副词成分
【7】同位语(appositive)用来解释名词的成分
【8】独立成分(independentelement)
【四】非谓语动词语态【①主动;②被动】
【①主动=todo;②被动tobedone】
ShewantstogotoAmerica.
如果动词不定式逻辑主语是动词不定式动作的执行者,那么就用动词不定式主动语态.
Nobodywantstobelaughedat.
Nobodywantstobedefeated.
如果动词不定式逻辑主语是动词不定式动作的承受者,那么就用动词不定式被动语态.
【五】非谓语动词时态【①一般;②进行;③完成】
【①一般式todo;tobedone】(表示不定式动作在谓语动词动作之后,或者几乎同时发生)
Shehopestobecomeanartist.
Marydecidedtogoswimmingwithus.
Everyonewantstobebettertreated.
Iamsohappytoseeyou
Iamgladtoseeyou.
Hehasdecidedtogivehersomemoney.
Iwillborrowsomebookstoreadduringtheholidays.
【②进行式tobedoing】表示不定式动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,且正在进行)
Theboypretendstobestudyinghard.
Mr.WhiteandhiswifehappenedtobequarrelingwhenIpassedby.
Somedogswerefoundtobelookingforfoodaround.
Hepretendedtobeworkinghardwhenhisbosspassedhim.
【③完成式tohavedone;tohavebeendone】
表示不定式动词动作在谓语动词动作前发生)
Iamsosorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.
Thenovelissaidtohavebeenpublished
【六】非谓语动词具有名词,形容词,副词特点
非谓语动词可以当“名词”使用,作主语,宾语,表语,同位语.非谓语动词可以当”形容词使用“可作,定语,表语,补足语.非谓语动词可以当”副词”使用能作状语.(非谓语动词不受句子主语人称和数的限制,也就说不随主语人称和数的变化而变化.所以也叫非限定性动词)
第一章节:
动词不定式
【一】动词不定时形式:
(即不定时符号+动词原形构成。
(todo)
【二】动词不定式意义:
表示具体一次动词行为或者将要发生动作行为。
【三】动词不定式用法
第1个用法:
动词不定式作主语
【1】真正动词动词不定式做主语
Tosaysomethingisonething;todosomethingisanotherthing.
Toseeistobelieve.
Toactlikethatischildish.
【2】形式主语it代替真正动词动词不定式主语
Itwilltakemethreehourstofinishthejob.
Itisofgreatimportancetosolvethehousingproblem.
ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.
Itisgoodtohelpothers.
【3】形式主语it代替真正动词动词不定式复合结构主语
A:
带有逻辑主语动词不定式作句子主语的形容词归纳。
即用介词for/of把不定式逻辑主语引出来。
Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisnoteasy.
→It'snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguagewell.
要把一门外语学好不容易。
Toplayfootballisveryinteresting.
→It'sveryinterestingtoplayfootball.踢足球很有趣。
留言提醒:
在实际操作中,不定式(短语)还有权"招聘"一个逻辑主语,并由of/for出面"料理"--It's+adj.+for/ofsb.+todosth.,下例中的"forme"即是
It'sdifficultforustofinishthework.
对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难。
It'shardformetoansweryourquestion.
要我回答你的问题很难。
It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.
你能帮我,真好。
注意:
(1)ofsb.和forsb.这两种结构还有一个区别,在ofsb.结构中,可用sb.直接作句子的主语来改写成“It's+形容词+ofsb.+动词不定式”结构。
试比较:
It'sfoolishofhimtogoalone.(=Hewasfoolishtogoalone.)
他单独出去太傻了。
It'skindofyoutogivemethebook.(=Youarekindtogivemethebook.)
你给我这本书,真是太好了。
forsb.结构则不能这样转换。
不可以说:
Wearedifficulttofinishthework.
(2).动词不定式作主语,同时有另一个不定式作表语时,不能转换成“It's...todosth.”的句型。
[正]Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。
[误]It'stobelievetosee.
(3)“疑问代(副)词+动词不定式”也可以在句中作主语。
Howtocontrolthewaterpollutionisabigproblem.
如何控制水污染是一个大问题。
Whentostarttheprojectremainsundecided.
什么时候开始这项工程仍然没有决定。
(4)不定式等非谓语形式作主语时,谓语动词一路走来都是单数身份;不少作主语的不定式与动名词在意义上相同。
Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。
【1】Itbe+形容词(adj)+forsomebodytodosomething.
(形容词为描述事件的特点特征的形容词)
(形容词作表语常常为一些表示客观情况形容词)
(difficult,hard,impossible,possible,)
(important,necessary,interesting,dangerous,easy)
It'shardformetofinishthetaskinsuchashorttime.
对我而言,要在如此短的时间里完成任务是困难的。
Itisimpossibleforthemtofinishtheworkwithinthreedays.
Itisdangerousforustoswimaloneintheriver.
ItisnoteasyformetospeakEnglish.
Itiseasyformetolearnhowtodriveacar.
Itisimportantforustoexpressouropinions.
Itiseasyformetogetupearly.
Itisimpossibleforhimtoarriveherewithinanhour.
ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.
Itwillbegoodforhertobeoutinthesun.
Itisnotgoodforyoureyestoreadinthesun
Itisdifficultforustocompletetheworkinsuchashorttime.
Itisimpossibleforthemtofinishtheprojectwithinsixmonths.
ItisnoteasyforTomtolearnChinese.
【动词不定式短语】
Itisdifficultforustocompletetheworkinsuchashorttime.
Itisimpossibleforthemtofinishtheprojectwithinsixmonths.
ItisnoteasyforTomtolearnChinese.
Itisimpossibleforthemtofinishtheworkwithinthreedays.
ForustolearnEnglishisveryimportant.
=ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.
Forthestudentstolearnfromeachotherisnecessary
=Itisnecessaryforthestudentstolearnfromeachother.
Itisdangerousforyoutogoswimmingalone.
【2】Itbe+形容词(adj)ofsomebodytodosomething
=Somebody+be+adj+todosth
(形容词为描述人的内在性格特点特征的形容词)
(表示不定式逻辑主语的性质,特点,特征)
(kind,nice,foolish,silly,stupid,rude,cruel,wise)
(clever,brave,crazy,good,careful,polite,impolite)
(considerate,right,cruel,careless)
(careless,considerate,)
Itisimpoliteofhimtosayso.
=Heisimpolitetosayso.
Itisveryfoolishofyoutolendhimmoneyagain.
=Youareveryfoolishtolendhimmoneyagain.
Itiskindofyoutoseemeoffattheairport.
Itiswiseofyoutokeepsilent.
Itiscleverofhimtoleavethatcompany.
=Heisclevertoleavethatcompany.
Itwaswiseofyourfathertomakeaninvestmentinpropertyyearsago
=Yourfatherwaswisetomakeaninvestmentinpropertyyearsago.
Itisveryfoolishofyoutolockthedoor.
=Youareveryfoolishtolockthedoor.
Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.
Itisveryconsiderateofyoutoseemeoffattheairport.
Itiskindofyoutohelpmewithmymaths.
=Youarekindtohelpmewithmymaths.
Itiskindofyoutoseemeoffattheairport.
Itiswiseofyoutokeepsilent.
Itisveryfoolishofyoutolendhimmoneyagain.
Itisverykindofyoutoseemeoffattheairport.
【3】Itbe+名词+todosth(动词不定式作主语结构)
Itismypleasuretoseeyou.
Itisapitytohavelostthegame.
【4】Ittakessomebodysometimetodosth(不定式作主语结构
Ittookmethreehourstofinishthework.
第2个用法:
动词不定式作宾语用法
作宾语(放在及物动词后作宾语)
IwanttolearnEnglishwell.
Myfathercan’taffordtobuysuchanexpensivecar.
Helovestotalkaboutthematter.
Shehopestofindajobsoon.
Tompromisesnottotellanyoneaboutit.
Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuyitfromme.
Sherefusedtoanswerallmyquestions.
第3个用法:
动词不定式作表语用法
作表语(放在系动词后作表语)
Herjobistocleanthehouse.
Hisdreamistobecomeateacher.
MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.
Myhobbyistogrowflowers.
Hisopinionistogiveuptheexperiment
第4个用法:
动词不定式作定语语用法
作定语(放在名词/代词后作后置定语)
Heislookingforahousetolivein.
Pleasepassmeapentowritewith.
Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.
Thefactorytoproducecarswillbesetupnextyear.
Heisalwaysthefirsttocome
Hewasthemostcareful(person)towritethebook.
Hewasthelast(person)tobesenttohospital.
Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.
Iamtheonlystudentinourclasstohaveapetsnake.
第5个用法:
动词不定式作补足语用法
作补语(放在宾语后作宾语补足语;放在主语后作主语补足语.)
Wouldyoulikemetohelpyou?
Fatherdoesn’tallowmetogooutaloneatnight.
IsawTomclimbintothehouse.
Tomwasseentoclimbintothehousebyme.
Motherwantsmetobecomeateacher.
第6个用法:
动词不定式作状语语用法
作状语(放在不及物动词后作目的/结果,原因状语)
Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.(目的)
=Togetthemoney,heworkeddayandnight.
Shesoldherhairtobuythewatch.(目的)
Tobuythewatch,shesoldherhair.
Inordernottobelate,wemustleavenow.
=Wemustleavenowinordernottobelate
=Wemustleavesoasnottobelate.
TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.
Iamsogladtoseeyou.(原因)
Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.(原因)
Iawoketofindmytrunkgone.(结果)
Hesearchedtheroom,onlytofindnothing.(结果)
IhurriedtoschoolonlytofinditwasSunday(结果)
第7个用法:
动词不定式作同位语用法
作同位语(放在名词后帮助说明名词的具体内容)
Myhopetobeadoctorhasbeenrealized
Theordertostartgeneralattackhascame.
第8个用法:
动词不定式作独立成分用法
作句子独立成分(对句子起一个评论性说明)
Tobeginwith,Iwouldliketointroducemyselftoyouall
Tobefrankwithyou,Idon’tagreewithyou.
Totellyouthetruth,Ihaveneverseensuchaperson.
Toputitanotherway,shewassweet-tempered.