杨澜TED演讲稿件.docx

杨澜TED演讲稿件.docx

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杨澜TED演讲稿件

ThenightbeforeIwasheadingforScotland,Iwasinvitedtohostthefinalof“China’sGotTalent”showinShanghaiwiththe80,000liveaudienceinthestadium.Guesswhowastheperformingguest?

SusanBoyle.AndItoldher,”I’mgoingtoScotlandthenextday”.Shesang[sæŋ]beautifully,andsheevenmanagedtosayafewwordsinChinese.Soit’snotlike“hello”or“thankyou,”thatordinarystuff.Itmeans“greenonionforfree.”Whatdidshesaythat?

BecauseitwasalinefromourChineseparallelSusanBoyle--a50-someyear-oldwoman,avegetablevendor【卖主】inShanghai,wholovessingingWesternopera,butshedidn’tunderstandanyEnglishorFrenchorItalian,soshemanagedtofillinthelyricswithvegetablenamesinChinese.AndthelastsentenceofNessunDormathatshewassinginginthestadiumwas“greenonionforfree.”SoasSusanBoylewassayingthat,80,000liveaudiencesangtogether.Thatwashilarious[hɪ'leərɪəs][滑稽的].SoIguessbothSusanBoyleandthisvegetablevendorinShanghaibelongedtootherness.Theyweretheleastexpectedtobesuccessfulinthebusinesscalledentertainment,yettheircourageandtalentbroughtthemthrough.Andashowandaplatformgavethemthestagetorealizetheirdreams.Well,beingdifferentisnotthatdifficult.Wearealldifferentfromdifferentperspectives.ButIthinkbeingdifferentisgood,becauseyoupresentadifferentpointofview.Youmayhavethechancetomakeadifference.MygenerationhasbeenveryfortunatetowitnessandparticipateinthehistorictransformationofChinathathasmadesomanychangesinthepast20,30years.Irememberthatintheyearof1990,whenIwasgraduatingfromcollege,Iwasapplyingforajobinthesalesdepartmentofthefirstfive-starhotelinBeijing,GreatWallSheraton--it’sstillthere.Soafterbeinginterrogated[ɪn'terəgeɪt]bythisJapanesemanagerforahalfanhour,hefinallysaid“So,missYang,doyouhaveanyquestiontoaskme?

”Isummoned['sʌmən][鼓起]mycourageandpoiseandsaid,”Yes,butcouldyouletmeknow,whatactuallydoyousell?

”Ididn’thaveacluewhatasalesdepartmentwasaboutinafivestar-hotel.ThatwasthefirstdayIsetmyfootintoafive-starhotel.Aroundthesametime,Iwasgoingthroughanaudition[ɔː'dɪʃ（ə）n]--thefirsteveropenauditionbynationalTVinChina--withanotherthousandcollegegirls.Theproducertoldustheywerelookingforsomesweet,innocentandbeautifulfreshface.Sowhenitwasmyturn,Istoodupandsaid,”Whydowomen’spersonalitiesontelevisionalwayshavetobebeautiful,sweet,innocentand,youknow,supportive?

Whycan’ttheyhavetheirownideas,andtheirownvoice?

”IthoughtIkindofoffended[ə'fend]them.Butactually,theywereimpressedbymywords.AndsoIwasinthesecondroundofcompetition,andthenthethirdandthefourth.Aftersevenroundofcompetition,Iwasthelastonetosurviveit.SoIwasonanationaltelevisionprime-timeshow.Andbelieveitornot,thatwasthefirstshowonChinesetelevisionthatalloweditshoststospeakoutoftheirownmindswithoutreadinganapprovedscript.Andmyweeklyaudienceatthattimewasbetween200to300millionpeople.Wellafterafewyears,IdecidedtogototheU.S.andColumbiaUniversitytopursuemypostgraduatestudies,andthenstartedmyownmediacompany,whichwasunthoughtofduringtheyearsthatIstartedmycareer.SowedoalotofthingsI’veinterviewedmorethanathousandpeopleinthepast.AndsometimesIhaveyoungpeopleapproachingmesay,”Lan,youchangedmylife,”andIfeelproudofthat.Butthenwearealsosofortunatetowitnessthetransformationofthewholecountry.IwasinBeijing’sbidingfortheOlympicGames.IwasrepresentingtheShanghaiExpo.IsawChinaembracingtheworldandviceversa.ButthensometimesIamthinking,youknowwhataretoday’syounggenerationupto?

Howaretheydifferent,andwhatarethedifferencetheyaregoingtomaketoshapethefutureofChina,oratlarge,theworld?

SotodayIwanttotalkaboutyounggenerationthroughtheplatformofsocialmedia.Firstofall,whoarethey?

whatdotheylooklike?

WellthisisagirlcalledGuoMeimei--20yearsold,beautiful.Sheshowedoffherexpensivebags,clothesandcaronhermicroblog,whichistheChineseversionofTwitter.AndsheclaimedtobethegeneralmanagerofRedCrossattheChamberofCommerce.Shedidn’trealizethatshesteppedonasensitivenerveandarousednationalquestioning,almostaturmoil,againstthecredibilityofRedCross.ThecontroversywassoheatedthattheRedCrosshadtoopenapressconferencetoclarifyit,andtheinvestigationisgoingon.Sofar,asoftoday,weknowthatsheherselfmadeupthattitle--probablybecauseshefeelsproudtobeassociatedwithcharity.Allthoseexpensiveitemsweregiventoherasgiftsbyherboyfriend,whousedtobeaboardmemberinasubdivisionofRedCrossatChamberofCommerce.It’sverycomplicatedtoexplain.Butanyway,thepublicstilldoesn’tbuyit.It’sstillboiling.Itshowsusageneralmistrustofgovernmentorgovernment-backedinstitutions,whichlackedtransparencyinthepast.Andalsoitshowedusthepowerandtheimpactofsocialmediaasmicroblog.Microblogboomedintheyearof2010,withvisitordoubledandtimespentonittripled.S,amajornewsportal,alonehasmorethan140millionmicrobloggers.OnTencent,200million.Themostpopularblogger--it’snotme--it’samoviestar,andshehasmorethan9.5millionfollowers,orfans.About80percentofthosemicrobloggersareyoungpeople,under30yearsold.Andbecause,asyouknow,thetraditionalmedia,isstillheavilycontrolledbythegovernment,socialmediaoffersanopeningtoletthesteamoutalittlebit.Butbecauseyoudon’thavemanyotheropenings,theheatcomingoutofthisopeningissometimesverystrong,activeandevenviolent.SothoughmicrobloggingweareabletounderstandChineseyouthevenbetter.Sohowaretheydifferent?

Firstofall,mostofthemwereborninthe80sand90s,undertheone-childpolicy.Andbecauseofselectedabortionbyfamilieswhofavoredboysandgirls,nowwehaveendedupwith30millionmoreyoungmenthanwomen.Thatcouldposeapotentialdangertothesociety,butwhoknows;we’reinaglobalizedworld,sotheycanfindgirlfriendsfromothercountries.Mostofthemhavefairlygoodeducation.TheilliteracyrateinChinaamongthisgenerationisunderonepercent.Incities,80percentofkidsgotocollege.ButtheyarefacinganagingChinawithapopulationabove65yearsoldcomingupwithseven-point-somepercentthisyear,andabouttobe15percentbytheyearof2030.Andyouknowwehavethetraditionthatyoungergenerationsupporttheeldersfinancially,andtakingcareofthemwhentheyaresick.Soitmeansyoungcoupleswillhavetosupportfourparentswhohavealifeexpectancyof73yearsold.Somakingalivingisnotthateasyforyoungpeople.Collegegraduatesarenotinshortsupply.Inurbanareas,collegegraduatesfindthestartingsalaryisabout400U.S.Dollarsamonth,whiletheaveragerentisabove500dollars.Sowhatdotheydo?

Theyhavetosharespace--squeezedinverylimitedspacetosavemoney--andtheycallthemselves“tribeofants.”Andforthosewhoarereadytogetmarriedandbuytheirapartment,theyfiguredouttheyhavetoworkfor30to40yearstoaffordtheirfirstapartment.ThatratioinAmericawouldonlycostacouplefiveyearstoearn,butinChinait’s30to40yearswiththeskyrocketingrealestateprice.Amongthe200millionmigrantworkers,660percentofthemareyoungpeople.Theyfindthemselvessortofsandwichedbetweentheurbanareasandtheruralareas.Mostofthemdon’twanttogobacktothecountryside,buttheydon’thavethesenseofbelonging.Theyworkforlonghourswithlessincome,lesssocialwelfare.Andtheyaremorevulnerabletojoblosses,subjecttoinflation,tighteningloansfrombanks,appreciationofrenminbi,ordeclineofdemandfromEuropeorAmericafortheproductstheyproduce.Lastyear,though,anappallingincidentinasouthernOEMmanufacturingcompoundinChina:

13youngworkersintheirlateteensandearly20scommittedsuicide,justonebyonelikecausingacontagiousdisease.Buttheydiedbecauseofalldifferentpersonalreasons.Butthiswholeincidentarousedahugeoutcryfromsocietyabouttheisolation,bothphysicalandmetal,ofthesemigrantworkers.Forthosewhodoreturnbacktothecountryside,thefindthemselvesverywelcomelocally,becausewiththeknowledge,skillsandnetworkstheyhavelearnedinthecities,withtheassistanceoftheinternet,theyareabletocreatemorejobs,upgradelocalagricultureandcreatenewbusinessinthelessdevelopedmarket.SOforthepastfewyears,thecoastalareas,theyfindthemselvesinashortageoflabor.Thesediagramsshowamoregeneralsocialbackground.ThefirstoneistheEngelscoefficient,whichexplainsthatthecostofdailynecessitieshasdroppeditspercentageallthroughthepastdecade,intermsoffamilyincome,toabout37-somepercent.Buttheninthelasttwoyears,itgoesupagainto39percent,indicatingarisinglivingcost.TheGinicoefficienthasalreadypassedthedangerouslineof0.4.Nowit’s0.5--evenworsethanthatinAmerica--showingustheincomeinequality.Andsoyouseethiswholesocietygettingfrustratedaboutlosingsomeofitsmobility.Andalso,thebitternessandevenresentmenttowardtherichandthepowerfulisquitewidespread.Soanyaccusationsofcorruptionorbackdoordealingsbetweenauthoritiesorbusinesswouldarouseasocialoutcryorevenunrest.Sothroughsomeofthehottesttopicsonmicroblogging,wecanseewhatyoungpeoplecar