新广州八年级英语 U4.docx

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新广州八年级英语U4

新广州八年级英语U4Cartoonsandcomicstrips

语法——被动语态

(2)

一.概念:

表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二.主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer

主动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer

被动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

三.各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

时态

主动语态

被动语态

一般现在时

am/is/are+P.P.

(1)DotheyspeakFrench?

(2)Theydon’tusetheroom.

IsFrenchspokenbythem?

Theroomisn’tusedbythem.

一般过去时

was/were+p.p.

(1)Thehunterkilledatiger.

(2)Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.

Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.

Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.

现在进行时

am/is/are+being+p.p.

(1)Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.

(2)Heismendinghiscar.

Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.

Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.

过去进行时

was/were+being+p.p.

(1)Hewassellingbooks.

(2)Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.

Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.

Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.

现在完成时

have/has+been+p.p.

(1)ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.

(2)Hehasfinishedthework.

ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.

Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.

过去完成时

had+been+p.p.

(1)Theyhassolvedtheproblem.

(2)Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.

Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.

Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.

一般将来时

shall/willbe+p.p.

(1)Ishallmakeaplan.

(2)Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.

Aplanwillbemadebyme.

Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.

过去将来时

wouldbe+p.p.

was/weregoingtobe+p.p.

(1)Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.

(2)Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.

Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.

Aplaywasgoingtobeputbythemthenextweek.

情态动词

can/may/must/should+be+p.p.

(1)Weshouldhandinourhomework.

(2)YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.

Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.

ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.

四.如何正确使用被动语态

1.有些动词带有两个宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语,变被动语态时,可把其中一个宾语变成主语,另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。

需要注意的是:

若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语,需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。

eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.(主动语态)

(被动语态)

▲常带双宾语的词有:

tell,show,lend,pass等。

2.在主动语态中,某些动词之后带有复合宾语,即宾语和宾语补足语,这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当,to被省略,但在被动语态中,这个to还要还原。

eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.(主动语态)

Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.(被动语态)

▲有这种用法的常用动词有:

make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等。

3.有些“be+过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态,它们可能是“系表结构(即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语)。

2.

比较:

1.

  

4.只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。

eg:

五、不能用被动语态的情况

1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态,如:

appear,rise,die,happen,breakout,takeplace等

2.表状态动词不能用于被动语态,如:

hold,have,cost,contain,become,looklike等

3.某些动词的进行时可表示被动,如:

Themeatiscooking.肉正在煮着。

4.主动形式表示被动意义。

1)某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义,如:

look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等。

eg:

Herbedroomlooksverycleanandtidy.

2)动名词的主动形式表被动语态,如:

want,deserve,need,require,take,worth等。

Thebookisworthreading.这本书值得读。

Thechildrenneedlookingafter.孩子们需要照顾。

3)某些做表语的形容词后,用不定式主动形式表被动意义。

Theconversationishardtounderstand.这个对话很难理解。

Thefishisnoteasytofish.鱼不容易上钩。

Thepassageisdifficulttoread.这段文章很难读懂。

练习:

1.Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit_________.

A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented

2.Thislisteningmaterial,togetherwithitsCD-ROMs,_________well.

A.sellsB.sellC.issoldD.aresold

3.Thesportsmeeting_________nextmonth.

A.willholdB.isgoingtoholdC.willbeheld

4.—Excuseme.I'mlookingforBetheBestofYourself.—Sorry.Thebookyouaskfor____out.

A.issellingB.issoldC.wassellingD.willbesold

5.Annie________totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.

A.invitesB.isinvitedC.wasinvitedD.hasinvited

6.Manyhouses______intheearthquakeofApril20,2013inYa’an.

A.isdestroyedB.aredestroyedCwasdestroyedD.weredestroyed

7.HanHan’sbooksarepopular.They________bymanyteenagers.

A.isreadB.wasreadC.arereadD.wereread

8.Teenagers________allowedtodrive.

A.shouldnotbeB.shouldbenotC.notshouldbe

9.—Atpresent,oneofthebestwaystostudyisworkingingroups.

—Morechances_______tostudentstolearnfromeachother.

A.offerB.areofferedC.haveofferedD.areoffering

10.—Iwanttoborrowthebook,butIdon’tknowhowlongitmay________.—Fortwoweeks.

A.keepB.beborrowedC.borrowD.bekept

11.Manytrees_______onthestreetseveryyears.Sotheairisveryfreshnow.

A.plantB.areplantedC.plantedD.wereplanted

12.—Didn'tyouseethesign"NoParking!

"ontheright?

—Sorry,Ididn't.ButnowIknowparking________here.

A.wasn'tallowedB.isn'tallowedC.won'tallowD.doesn'tallow

13.FromMay6,pedestrians(行人)________10yuaniftheyrunredlights,accordingtoBeijingtrafficauthorities. 

  A.willfine B.werefinedC.arefineD.willbefined

14.—Whatlanguages______inthatcountry'?

—GermanandEnglish

A.arespeakingB.arespokenC.speakD.isspoken

15.Ayearhasfourseasonsandit________twelvedifferentstarsigns.

A.dividedintoB.isdividingintoC.dividedintoDisdividedinto

16.Thechildwithoutparents______goodcareofbyhisteachersinthisspecialschool.

A.istakenB.aretakenC.takeD.takes

17..—Clark,yourroomisreallyinamess.Itneeds________.—Sorry,mum.I'lldoitatonce.

A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.tobecleaned

18.—“Frog”,MoYan'slatestnovel,please!

—Sorry,it________justnow.Butitwillcomeoutagainsoon.

A.soldoutB.issoldoutC.hassoldoutD.wassoldout

19.—DoyouknowEarthDay?

—Sure.Itin1970totellustoprotectourplanet.

A.setsupB.setupC.issetupD.wassetup

20.Alotoftrees_____aroundhereeveryyear,andwecanenjoyfresherairnow.

A.wereplantedB.areplantedC.willplantD

短语归纳:

icstrip连环漫画

2.popout张大,睁大

3.decideon决定

4.videocamera摄像机

5.playagainst同……比赛

6.weatherforecast天气预报

7.thankgoodness谢天谢地

8.makeit获得成功

9.thinkof考虑,想起,记得

Whatdoyouthinkof...?

  

10.haveagoodidea有个好主意

11.thinkabout思考,考虑

12.add...to...把……添加到……

13.soundeffects音响效果

14.attheundergroundstation在地铁站

15.looklike看上去像

16.put...together把……放在一起

17.thesameas与……相同

18.bedifferentfrom与……不同

19.apairof一双

20.atthetopof在……顶部

21.lookout=takecare=becareful当心

22.pickup捡起

23.introuble在困境中

重点词汇:

1.appear+(tobe)+adj.

Sheappears(tobe)happyatthenews.她听到这个消息时显得很开心。

appear+todosth

Youappeartotravelquitealot.你好像走过很多地方。

2.abitof=alittle

3.bereadytodosth.be/getreadyforsth.

4.thesameas和……一样bedifferentfrom和……不同

5.look,sound,taste,smell,feel 连系动词后接形容词作表语。

6.introuble在困境中

havetroublewithsb./sth. 某人/某物有毛病

getintotrouble惹上麻烦

havetroubleindoingsth.做某事有麻烦

takethetroubletodosth.费力做某事

7.succeedindoing做成某事

8.laughatsb. 嘲笑某人

9.tellsbsth.告诉某人某事tellsb.(not)todosth. 告诉某人做某事

10.beusedtodo被用来做

usedtodo过去常常做

beusedtodoing习惯于做

语法:

含有情态动词的被动语态:

shouldbe应该

shouldnotbe不应该

mustbe必须

mustnotbe一定不能

canbe可以

cannotbe不可以 

现在完成时的被动语态:

主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词

Aftereverythinghasbeenchecked,itisreadytobeplayedforeveryonetoenjoy.

Thecartooncharactershavebeendrawncarefullybytheartists.

能力提升。

1.Whatdoyou_____yourhometown?

Itisverybeautiful.Iloveitverymuch.

A.lookatB.talkaboutC.thinkofD.thinkover

2.WhenIwasinthesupermarke,Iforgot_____moneywithme.

A.totakeB.totakingC.takingD.bringing

3.Couldyougivemesomeadvice?

Idon’tknow______.

Whydon’tyouwearthisredshirt?

A.whentowearB.whattowearC.howtowearD.wheretowear

4.Mostofmyclassmatesdon’tliketotalktoteirparents,butIam____them.

A.differentfromB.surprisedatC.thesameasD.proudof

5.Where’syourticket?

Show_______,please.

A.meitB.itmeC.metoitD.ittome

6.--Tom,______readbookswhileyouarewalkinginthestreet.It’sverydangerous.

--OK,thankyou.

A.don’tB.doesn’tC.won’tD.can’t

7.He________apieceofwastepaper,andputitintotherubbishbag.

A.pickedupB.threwawayC.lookedforD.handedin

8.I’msureourfootballteamwill______thismatch.We’rethebest.

A.winB.failC.loseD.beat

9.Ourteacheroftentellsus______intheriver.It’sdangerous.

A.don’tswimB.notswimC.nottoswimD.notswimming

10.ThankstotheInternet,differentkindsofinformation______inashorttime.

A.canbelearnedB.hasbeenlearnedC.canlearnD.haslearned

 

知识点讲解与拓展:

1.character:

n.人物、角色

YueFeiisagreathistoricalcharacter.

2.thinkof考虑、思考

I’mthinkingofgoingtoParisforvacation.

拓展:

thinkof:

想起、记起Ican’tthinkofhisname.

thinkof:

对……有某种看法,常用于“Whatdoyouthinkof…”句型中Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

3.add…to…&addto

add…to…

把……加到……上

Pleaseaddsomesalttothewater.

addto

添加,增添(欢乐、困难等抽象名词)

Doyouhaveanythingtoaddtothelist?

4.recordv.录音

I’verecordedthewholeconcert.

拓展:

recordn.记录settherecord创造记录breaktherecord打破记录holdtherecord保持记录

5.decideon决定、选定

WhatmadeyoudecideonPlanA?

6.basicadj.基础的,基本的

拓展:

base—basis(n.)基础—basic(adj.)基本的—basically(adv,)基本上

7.Hereitis.

以here和there开头的句子,若后面的主语为人称代词,主谓不倒装;若后面的主语为名词,主谓倒装。

Hereyouare.给你。

Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。

8.forgetv.忘记

forgettodo

忘记要做某事(动作没发生)

Iforgettoturnoffthelight.

forgetdoing

忘记做过某事(动作已发生)

Iforgetopeningthedoor.

9.looklike看上去像

Tomlookslikehisfather.

拓展:

提问长相:

Whatdo/dosesb.looklike?

提问性格:

Whatissb.like?

10.appearv.显得,看来,似乎

Awomansuddenlyappearedinthedoorway.

拓展:

appear(tobe)+adj./n.Sheappears(tobe)happy

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