硕士研究生考试 英语.docx

硕士研究生考试 英语.docx

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硕士研究生考试英语

2013硕士研究生考试英语

（一）真题

Peopleare，onthewhole，pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividual.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat__1__theabilitytomakejudgmentwhichareunbiasedby___2___factors.ButDrUriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig__3___wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.__4___，hetheorizedthatajudges__5__ofappearingtoosoft__6__crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison__7__hehadalreadysentendfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.

To8thisidear，heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory，the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday，butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9，323MBAinterviews12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewshad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest，orGMAT，astandardizedexamwhichis16outof800points，tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher

DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsouondsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.

1.[A]grants[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delives

2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external

3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment

4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless

6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

10.[A]chosen[B]studied[C]found[D]identified

11.（A）exceptional（B）defensible（C）replaceable（D）otherwise

12.（A）inspired（B）expressed（C）conducted（D）secured

13.（A）assigned（B）rated（C）matched（D）arranged

14.（A）put（B）got（C）gave（D）took

15.（A）instead（B）then（C）ever（D）rather

16.（A）selected（B）passed（C）marked（D）introduced

17.（A）before（B）after（C）above（D）below

18.（A）jump（B）flat（C）drop（D）fluctuate

19.（A）achieve（B）undo（C）maintain（D）disregard

20.（A）promising（B）possible（C）necessary（D）helpful

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:

Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?

Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCornmission（FTC）proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance（DAA）agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:

ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:

"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves

[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry”（Line6,Para.3）refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers

[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis

[D]internetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads

[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers

[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

[B]AdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

[D]Advertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence

[B]understanding

[C]appreciaction

[D]skepticism

text4

Onafivetothreevote，theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona’simmigrationlawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstruction，thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration’sefforttoupset.Thebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates。

InArizonavUnitedStates，themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionofArizena’scontroversialplanplantohavestatesandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstructionprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehaspowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestateslawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepolicesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.

JusticeAnthoryKennedy，joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobrtsandtheCourt’sliberals，ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefield”andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers.

However，theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.That’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.

TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwithfederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktothealienandSeditionActs.

The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona’slawsconflictedwithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.

Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould,Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn’twanttocarryoutCongress’simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.

36.ThreprovisionsofArizona’splanwereoverturnedbecausethey

[A]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers

[B]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates

[C]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw

[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies

37.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree，accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Federalofficers’dutytowithholdimmigrants’information

[B]States’independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw

[C]States’legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement

[D]Congress’sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement

38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs

[A]violatedtheConstitution

[B]underminedthestates’interests

[C]supportedthefederalstatute

[D]stoodinfavorofthestates

39.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement

[A]Outweighsthatheldbythestates.

[B]Isdependentonthestates’support.

[C]Isestablishedbyfederalstatutes.

[D]Rarelygoesagainststatelaws.

40.whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

[A].ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.

[B].JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministration.

[C].JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.

[D].TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.

翻译

46.yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardenscreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakofvariousotherfundamentalurgesbeyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.

47.Asacredplaceofpeace,however,crudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtosheltwhichi