常见前后缀.docx
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常见前后缀
常见的前后缀和词干
前缀
表示否定的前缀
dis-:
disengagement,discontinuous,disburden
in-:
inarguable,inattentive,incapacity
im-:
impudent,impervious,impropriety
il-:
illiterate,illegitimate,illegible
ir-:
irresolvable,irreconcilable,irrepealable
un-:
unaccommodated,unadulterated,uninspiring
non-:
nonaggression,nonconformist,nonelectrolyte
mis-:
misfortune,misconduct,misconceive
de-:
demobilize,decapitate,decarboxylation
anti-:
antidiabetic,antidote,antiemetic
counter-:
counterespionage,counteract,countermarch
表示“前”的前缀
pre-:
prearranged,preconception,preprandial
ante-:
antemeridian,antemortem,antecede
fore-:
foreground,forecastle,foredoom
pro-:
prologue,promotion,prosecutor
表示“后”的前缀
post-:
postmeridian,postfix,posthumous
表示“低、下”的前缀
hypo-:
hypocrisy,hypothesis,hypochlorite
infra-:
infrasonic,infrahuman,infrastructure
sub-:
subaquatic,subcellular,subcutaneous
表示“反复、再次，向后”的前缀
re-:
recapture,recede,recession
retro-:
retroflex,retropulsion,retroversion
表示“共同、和”的前缀
co-:
co-education,cooperation,coordination
表示“相互，之间”的前缀
inter-:
interentral,intercurrent,intercontinental
表示“出，超出”的前缀
ec-:
eclipse,ecstasy,ecstatic
extra-:
extramural,extrasensory,extragalactic
表示“超过”的前缀
hyper-,preter-,super-,sur-,ultra-:
hyper-sensitive,preterhuman,supercritical,surpass,ultramodern
其他的前缀
前缀
意义
例
mal-
坏、恶
malnutrition,maltreat
micro-
微、细
microscope,microtome
tele-
远
telegram,telepathy
demi-,semi-,hemi-
半、二分之一
semi-circle,hemisphere
arch-
首领
archbishop,archduke
bene-
善、好
benefactor,benevolence
homo-
同
homosexual,homograph
neo-
新
neo-colonialism,neolithic
ortho-
正确，直
orthogonal,orthodox
philo-
挚爱
philosopher,philomath
proto-
原始
prototype,protoplasm
pseudo-
假的，冒充的
pseudonym,pseudo-communism
a-,ab-,abs-
从，自
avoid,absent,abstain
apo-,aph-
来自
apology,apostle
se-
分离
secure,sedition
omni-
所有的，公共的
omnibus,omipotence
pan-
全、泛
Pan-american,panorama
dia-
通过，借以
Diagonal,diagnosis
per-
通过，彻底
Perambulate,perfection
trans-
通过，横过
Transcript,transparent
com-,con-,cor-,col-
共同，和，完全
Compile,correlation,collaborate
syn-
共同
Synchronization,synthetic
meta-
在上，在外，有改变的
Metaphor,metaphysics
cis-
在这一边
cisatlantic,cislunar
en-,em-
在里
Endear,embrace
intra-
内在
Intracardiac,intramolecular
intro-
进入之中
Introduce,introspect
dys-
坏
Dyspepsia,dysentery
eu-
优，美好
Eulogy,euphony
ambi-,amphi-
两者
Amphibian,ambidextrous
uni-,mono-
单一，单独
monotone,monologue
bi-,di-,twi-
二
Biyearly,dichloride,twiformed
tri-
三
Triangle,tripod
multi-
多
Multi-colored,multi-national
poly-
多
Polygon,polyatomic
tetra-
四
Tetracycline,tetragon
penta-
五
Pentagon,pentagram,pentameter
sex-,hexa-
六
Sexennial,hexagon
sept-
有七个的
September,septennial
hepta-
七
Heptad,heptagon
octa-,octo-,oct-
八
Octagon,octuple
nona-,ennea-
九
Nonagon,ennead,enneagon
deci-,deca--
十
Decimal,decagram
centi-
百
Centimeter,centipede
milli-
千
Millennium,millimeter
kilo-
千
Kilowatt,kilometer
名词后缀
后缀
意义
例
-age
Theaction,resultorstateof
Reportage,parentage
-al
Theactionof,thepersonof
Rival,criminal
-ee
Onewhoreceives
Testee,payee
-er,--ar,-ur,-eer,-ier
Doer,devicefor
Fighter,pioneer
-hood
Female
Heroine,mayoress
-ility
Condition,state
Bachelorhood,brotherhood
-ility
Qualityof
Feasibility,servility
-ion,-ation
Actionof,processof
Indication,commercialization
-ism
Doctrine,belief
Adventurism,opportunism
-ist
Believerin;expertof
Romanticist,nationalist
-let
Little
Townlet,houselet
-logy,-ology
Studyof
Methodology,anthropology
-age
Theaction,resultorstateof
Reportage,parentage
-al
Theactionof,thepersonof
Rival,criminal
-ee
Onewhoreceives
Testee,payee
-er,--ar,-ur,-eer,-ier
Doer,devicefor
Fighter,pioneer
-hood
Female
Heroine,mayoress
-ility
Condition,state
Bachelorhood,brotherhood
-ment
Resultof;agencyof;stateof
Disappointment,improvement
-ness
Conditionorqualityofbeing
Emptiness,eagerness
-ship
Stateof
Partnership,citizenship
-ty
Conditionofbeing
Loyalty,security
-ure
Actorfactof;resultofbeing
Failure,closure
形容词后缀
后缀
意义
例
-able
Inclinedtobe;likelytobedone
Reliable,adaptable
-al
Inclinedtobe;connectedwith
Colonial,political
-ic,-ical
Relatingto,resembling
Scenic,geometric
-ful
Fullof
Handful,cupful
-ile
Likelytobe
Hostile,fragile
-ing
Havingthequalityof
Disturbing,encouraging
-ish
Havingthequalityof
missish,devilish
-istic
Fullof
Artistic,realistic
-ive
Inclinedto;havingthequalityof
Offensive,constructive
-less
Without
Countless,jobless
-like
Havingthequalityof
Warlike,businesslike
-ous,-ious
Havingthequalityof
Mysterious,advantageous
-some
Fullof
Burdensome,troublesome
-y
Fullof
Clumsy,tricky
动词后缀
后缀
意义
例
-fy
make,;reinforce
Verify,intensify
-ize
Makeorcausetobecome
Popularize,hospitalize
-en
Make
Widen,heighten,threaten
副词后缀
意义
例
-ly
Inamanner
Notoriously,instructively
词干
词干
意义
例
Acu
Sharp
Acute,acumen
Alti
High
Altitude,exalt
Ambula
Walk
Ambulance,ambulate
Ann
Year
Anniversary,annals
Anthro
Man
Anthropoid,anthroposociology
Arch
Ruler
Monarch,patriarch
Aster,
astr
Star
Astrology,asterisk
Audi
Hearing
Audible,audiphone
Auto
Self
Autobiography,autosuggestion
Bio
Life
Biography,biocide
Brevi
Short
Brevity,abbreviate
Capit
Head
Capitalization,capitation
Ced
go;move
Recede,unprecedented
Cess
go;move
Access,process
Flect,flex
Bend
Flexible,reflector
Flu
Flow
Influenza,fluid
Form
Shape
Reform,conform
Frag
Break
Fragile,fracture
Gen
Produce
Genetics,genesis
Geo
Land;earth
Geometry,geography
grad
Go;step
Gradual,degrade
Graph,gram
Write;writing
Telegraph,diagram
Grate,grati
Thanks
Grateful,gratitude
Grav
Heavy;serious
Grave,gravimeter
Gress
Go;walk
Aggressive,congress
Herb
Grass
Herbal,herby
Humid
Wet
Humidity,humidfier
hydr
Water;liquid
Hydroplane,hydrospace
Ject
Throw
Inject,reject
Juven
Young
Juvenile,juvenilia
Just,jur
Just
Jurist,jury
Labor
Work
Laborious,collaborate
Later
side,;party
Bilateral,equilateral
Leg
Law
Legislate,legislature
literat
letter
Literature,semiliterate
Loc
Place
Allocate,localism
Lumi
Light;bright
Illuminate,luminary
Magni
Gig;great
Magnify,magnitude
Nan（u）
Hand
Manage,manuscript
Mar
Sea
Maritime,mariner
Meter
Measure
Thermometer,altimeter
Mit,miss
send
Vomit,transmission
Mort
Death
Mortal,immrtal
Nomin
Name
Nominal,nominate
Nounce
Proclaim
Pronounce,denounce
Ortho
Straight;correct
Orthodox,orthopedic
Pater,patr
Father
Paternal,patricide
Pathy
Feeling
Antipathy,empathy
ped
foot
Pedestrian,expedition
Pel,pulse
push;drive
Expel,impulse,dispel
Pend,pens
Useup;hand
Expenditure,suspend
Phon
Sound
Headphone,symphony
Plic
Fold
Duplicate,implicit
Port
Carry
Proter,export
Pose
Put;place
Dispose,expose
prim
Initial;first
Primitive,prime
Psych
Mind
Psychology,psychoanalysis
Punct
Point
Acupuncture,punctual
Rupt
Break
Corruption,interrupt,bandrupt
Scop
See;lookat
Microscopic,macroscopic
scope
Instrumentforobserving
Microscope,telescope
Scribe,script
Write;writing;lookat
Describe,prescription
sequ
follow
Consequence,sequel
Sens,sent
Sense;feelings
Sentimental,sensitivity,consent
Simil
Like
Similarity,simile
Sol
Alone
Solitary,soliloquy
Soph
Wise
Sophisticated,philosopher
Spec（t）
See;lookat
Inspect,retrospect,prospect
Spir
Breathe
Respiration,perspire,expire
struct
build
Constructive,superstructure,
Stup
Bemotionless
Stupid,stupefy,stupor
Sum
Useup;take
Consumption,assume,resume
Tain
Hold
Maintain,attain,abstain
The（o）
God
Theology,theist,atheism
Thermo
Heat
Thermonuclear,thermos
Tract
Draw
Tractor,attract,distract
vent
come
Advent,convention,contravention
Verb
Word
Non-verbal,hyperverbal
Vert,vers
Turn
Covent,version,subvert
Vid,vis
See
Invisible,visibility
Viv
Life
Vivid,revive,survive
Voc,vok
Call;voice
Evoke,advocate,vocalist
volv
roll
Revolver,revolution,evolve
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