电子信息工程文献专业英语中英互译资料讲解.docx

电子信息工程文献专业英语中英互译资料讲解.docx

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电子信息工程文献专业英语中英互译资料讲解

Electronicpowersteeringsystem

Whatitis?

Electricallypoweredsteeringusesanelectricmotortodriveeitherthe

powersteeringhydraulicpumporthesteeringlinkagedirectly.The

powersteeringfunctionisthereforeindependentofenginespeed,

resultinginsignificantenergysavings.

Howitworks?

Conventionalpowersteeringsystemsuseanengineaccessorybeltto

drivethepump,providingpressurizedfluidthatoperatesapistoninthe

powersteeringgearoractuatortoassistthedriver.Inelectro-hydraulic

steering,oneelectricallypoweredsteeringconceptusesahighefficiency

pumpdrivenbyanelectricmotor.Pumpspeedisregulatedbyanelectric

controllertovarypumppressureandflow,providingsteeringefforts

tailoredfordifferentdrivingsituations.Thepumpcanberunatlowspeed

orshutofftoprovideenergysavingsduringstraightaheaddriving（which

ismostofthetimeinmostworldmarkets）.

Directelectricsteeringusesanelectricmotorattachedtothesteering

rackviaagearmechanism（nopumporfluid）.Avarietyofmotortypes

andgeardrivesispossible.Amicroprocessorcontrolssteeringdynamics

anddrivereffort.Inputsincludevehiclespeedandsteering,wheeltorque,

angularpositionandturningrate.

WorkingInDetail:

Asteeringsensorislocatedontheinputshaftwhereitentersthe

gearboxhousing.Thesteeringsensorisactuallytwosensorsinone:

a

orquesensorthatconvertssteeringtorqueinputanditsdirectioninto

voltagesignals,anda

otationsensorthatconvertstherotationspeed

anddirectionintovoltagesignals.Aninterfacecircuitthatsharesthe

samehousingconvertsthesignalsfromthetorquesensorandrotation

sensorintosignalsthecontrolelectronicscanprocess.Inputsfromthe

also

thatunitcontrolmicroprocessorabydigestedaresensorsteering

monitorsinputfromthevehicle'sspeedsensor.Thesensorinputsarethen

comparedtodeterminehowmuchpowerassistisrequiredaccordingtoa

preprogrammed

orcemapinthecontrolunit'smemory.Thecontrol

unitthensendsouttheappropriatecommandtothepowerunitwhich

thensuppliestheelectricmotorwithcurrent.Themotorpushestherack

totherightorleftdependingonwhichwaythevoltageflows（reversing

thecurrentreversesthedirectionthemotorspins）.Increasingthecurrent

tothemotorincreasestheamountofpowerassist.

Thesystemhasthreeoperatingmodes:

a

ormalcontrolmodein

whichleftorrightpowerassistisprovidedinresponsetoinputfromthe

steeringtorqueandrotationsensor'sinputs;a

eturncontrolmode

whichisusedtoassiststeeringreturnaftercompletingaturn;anda

dampercontrolmodethatchangeswithvehiclespeedtoimproveroad

feelanddampenkickback.

Ifthesteeringwheelisturnedandheldinthefull-lockpositionand

steeringassistreachesamaximum,thecontrolunitreducescurrenttothe

electricmotortopreventanoverloadsituationthatmightdamagethe

motor.Thecontrolunitisalsodesignedtoprotectthemotoragainst

voltagesurgesfromafaultyalternatororchargingproblem.

Theelectronicsteeringcontrolunitiscapableofself-diagnosing

faultsbymonitoringthesystem'sinputsandoutputs,andthedriving

currentoftheelectricmotor.Ifaproblemoccurs,thecontrolunitturns

thesystemoffbyactuatingafail-saferelayinthepowerunit.This

eliminatesallpowerassist,causingthesystemtorevertbacktomanual

steering.AdashEPSwarninglightisalsoilluminatedtoalertthedriver.

Todiagnosetheproblem,atechnicianjumpstheterminalsontheservice

checkconnectorandreadsoutthetroublecodes.

Electricpowersteeringsystemspromiseweightreduction,fuel

savingsandpackageflexibility,atnocostpenalty.

Europe'shighfuelpricesandsmallervehiclesmakeafertiletestbed

forelectricsteering,atechnologythatpromisesautomakersweight

savingsandfueleconomygains.Andinashorttime,electricsteeringwill

makeittotheU.S.,too.It'sjustjustamatteroftime,saysAlyBadawy,

Steering

SaginawDelphifordevelopmentandresearchofdirector

SystemsinSaginaw,Mich.Theissuewascostandthat'sbehindusnow.

By2002hereintheU.S.thecostofelectricpowersteeringwill

absolutelybeawashoverhydraulic.

Today,electricandhybrid-poweredvehicles（EV）,includingToyota's

PriusandGM'sEV-1,aretheperfectdomainforelectricsteering.Butby

2010,aTRWInc.internalstudyestimatesthatoneoutofeverythreecars

producedintheworldwillbeequippedwithsomeformof

electrically-assistedsteering.TheCleveland-basedsupplierclaimsits

newsteeringsystemscouldimprovefueleconomybyupto2mpg,while

enhancinghandling.Therearetruebottom-linebenefitsaswellfor

automakersbyreducingoverallcostsanddecreasingassemblytime,since

there'snoneedforpumps,hosesandfluids.

Anotherclaimedadvantageisshorteneddevelopmenttime.For

instance,aDelphigroupdevelopedE-TUNE,aride-and-handling

softwarepackagethatcanberunoffalaptopcomputer.Theycantake

thatcomputerandplugitin,attachittothecontrollerandchangeallthe

handlingparameters--effortlevel,returnability,damping--onthefly,

Badawysays.Itusedtotakemonths.DelphihasoneOEMcustomer

thatshouldstartlow-volumeproductionin'99.Electricsteeringunitsare

normallyplacedinoneofthreepositions:

column-drive,pinion-driveand

rack-drive.Whichsystemwillbecomethenormisstillunclear.Short

term,OEMswillchoosethesteeringsystemthatiseasiesttointegrate

intoanexistingplatform.Obviously,greaterpotentialcomesfrom

designingthesystemintoanall-newplatform.Wehaveallthreedesigns

underconsideration,saysDr.HermanStrecker,groupvicepresidentof

steeringsystemsdivisionatZFinSchwaebischGmuend,Germany.It's

uptothemarketandOEMswhichversionfinallywillbeusedand

manufactured.Thelargemanufacturershaveallgrabbedholdofwhat

theyconsideracoretechnology,explainsJamesHandysides,TRWvice

president,electricallyassistedsteeringinSterlingHeights,Mich.His

companyoffersaportfolioofelectricsteeringsystems（hybridelectric,

rack-,pinion-,andcolumn-drive）.TRWoriginallyconcentratedonwhat

itstillbelievesisthepurestengineeringsolutionforelectricsteering--the

or

drivedirectastorefersometimesissystemThesystem.rack-drive

jointformingaTRWhedgeditsbet,ball/nutdrive.Still,thiswinter

in$50millionBritishsupplierreceivedventurewithLucasVarity.The

sets.andascolumn-drivesteeringtechnologyexchangeforitselectric

Initialproductionofthecolumnandpiniondriveelectricsteeringsystems

isexpectedtobegininBirmingham,England,in2000.

steeringhydraulicpowertoDelphi,traditionalIn1995,according

37-millionThatvehiclessoldglobally.systemswereon7596ofall

thatfluidgallonsinhydraulicvehiclepoolconsumesabout10million

couldbesuperfluous,ifelectricsteeringreallytakesoff.

Thepresentinventionrelatestoanelectricallypowereddrive

mechamsmforprovidingpoweredassistancetoavehiclesteering

mechanism.Accordingtooneaspectofthepresentinvention,thereis

providedanelectricallypowereddrivenmechanismforproviding

poweredassistancetoavehiclesteeringmechanismhavingamanually

rotatablememberforoperatingthesteeringmechanism,thedrive

mechanismincludingatorquesensoroperabletosensetorquebeing

manuallyappliedtotherotatablemember,anelectricallypowereddrive

motordrivinglyconnectedtotherotatablememberandacontrollerwhich

isarrangedtocontrolthespeedanddirectionofrotationofthedrive

motorinresponsetosignalsreceivedfromthetorquesensor,thetorque

sensorincludingasensorshaftadaptedforconnectiontotherotatable

membertoformanextensionthereofsothattorqueistransmittedthrough

saidsensorshaftwhentherotatablememberismanuallyrotatedanda

straingaugemountedonthesensorshaftforproducingasignalindicative

oftheamountoftorquebeingtransmittedthroughsaidshaft.Preferably

thesensorshaftisnon-rotatablymountedatoneaxialendinafirst

couplingmemberandisnon-rotatablymountedatitsoppositeaxialend

inasecondcouplingmember,thefirstandsecondcouplingmembers

beinginter-engagedtopermitlimitedrotationtherebetweensothat

torqueunderapredeterminedlimitistransmittedbythesensorshaftonly

andsothattorqueabovesaidpredeterminedlimitistransmittedthrough

thefirstandsecondcouplingmembers.

Now,powersteeringsystemsofsomecarshavebecomethe

power

tousedcarstheofhalfaboutworldwholethestandard-setting,

steering.Withthedevelopmentofautomotiveelectronicstechnology,

somecarshavebeenusingelectricpowersteeringgear,thecarofthe

economy,powerandmobilityhasimproved.Electricpowersteering

deviceonthecarisanewpowersteeringsystemdevice,developed

rapidlyinrecentyearsbothathomeandabroad,becauseofitsuseof

programmableelectroniccontroldevices,theflexibilityinthesametime

therearealsopotentialsafetyproblems.IntheanalysisThisunique

productonthebasisoftheauthorofthecharacteristicsofelectronic

controldevices,securityclearancejustthatthefactorsthatdealwith

securitymeasures,anddiscussedanumberofconcernsthesafetyof

specificissues.Theresultsshowthat:

Existingstandardscannotmeet

theelectricpowersteeringdevicesecurityneedsandmadetheelectric

powersteeringdevicesafet