专八改错练习15题.docx

专八改错练习15题.docx

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专八改错练习15题

专八改错练习1

Oneimportantoutcomeoftheworkontheexpressionofgenesindevelopingembryos

issuretobeknowledgethatcanhelppreventingbirthdefects.Justaspromising

（26）isthepossibilityofunravelingthecomplicatedwriting

（27）ofthebrain.Amechanicgetsvaluableinsighthowan

（28）automobileworksbyrebuildingcarengines;similarly,neuroscientistscanlearnhowthebrainfunctionsfrom

（29）thewayitisputtogether.Thenextsteppursuingthe

（30）goalistofindouthowtheblueprintgenes,thehomeboxgenes,

controltheexpressionofothergenesthatcreatethevalves

andpistonoftheworkingcerebralengine.

Theproteinencodedbythelattergenescouldchangethe

（31）stickinessofthecellsurface,theshapeofthecelloritsmetabolism

 tocreatethecharacteristicpeculiarto,say,

neuronsorneural-crestcell.Surfaceproteinsmaybethe

（32）mechanism,wherebysimilarprogrammedcellssticktogether

toformspecificstructures;theymightalsosense

（33）thelocalenvironmenttohelpthecelldecidewhatistodo.

Clarifyingthosemechanismswillengagethebesttalentsin

（34）embryologyandmolecularbiologyforsometimestocome.

（35）Whatisperhapsthemostintriguingquestionofallisifthebrain

ispowerfulenoughtosolvethepuzzleofitsowncreation.

26.preventing改为prevent

plicated改为complexion 

28.sight后加into

29.neuroscientist改为aneuroscientist

30.pursuing后加in

31.later改为latter

32.similar改为similarly

33.去掉is

34.times改为time

35.if改为whether

2

Vitamins,likeminerals,arechemicals.Thereisabsolutelynotdifferenceinthechemicalstructure（26）

ofthenaturevitaminCandthechemicalstructure（27）

ofthesyntheticvitaminC.Also,whilemostsub-stancesareharmlessatverylowlevelofintake,all（28）

substance--eventheelementsthatareessentialtolife--canbedangerousifyouoverdothem.

Takewaterforexample.Sixoreightglassesadaywillkeepyourbodyingoodfluidbalance.Butyoucanalsobedrown（29）

init.Somepeoplearguethatindividualsvarygreatly（30）

intheirneedfornutrients,itcannotnecessarilybestatedanygivenamountistoomuch;thatisall（31）

relative.Butsincethereislittlesolidinformationonwhatistheoptimalintakeofanyessentialnutrientinhealthyindividuals,itwouldbeimpossibletogiveguidelinesthattaketheseproportionalneedsintothe（32）

account.Justaswithotherdrugs,therelationto（33）

differentvitamindosagesvaries,withsomepeoplebetterablethanotherstotoleratelargeamounts.Whilewedoknowthatveryspecificallywhatthetoxiclevel（34）

isforvitaminsAandD,wearefarlesssureaboutvitaminE,eventhoughit,too,isfat-soluble,andwestilldon’tunderstandthewater-solublevitamin,theC（35）

andtheBgroups,whichthebodycantstore.

26.not改为no

27.nature改为natural

28.at后加a

29.去掉be

30.that后加 

31.stated后加that 

32.去掉the

33.relation改为reaction 

34.去掉that

35.vitamin改为vitamins

3

Thetelephonesystemisacircuit-switchednetwork.Formuchofthehistoryofthesystem,whenyouplaced（26）

 acall,youwererentingapairofcopperwiresthatrancontinuouslyfromyourtelephonetotheotherparty’sphone.Youhadexcludinguseofthosewiresduringthe（27）

call;whenyouhungup,theywererentedtosomeoneelse.Todaythetransactionismorecomplicated.（yourcallmaywellpossessafiber-opticcableorasatellitewithhundredsofothercalls）,butmoreconceptuallythesystem（28）

 stillworksthesameway.Whenyoudialthephone,yougetaprivateconnectionofoneotherparty.Thisisanalternativenetworkarchitecturecalled（29）

packetswitching,inwhichallstationsarealwaysconnectedtothenetwork,buttheyreceiveonlythemessagesaddressedtothem.Itisasifyourtelephonewasalwaystunedinto（30）

 thousandsofconversationsgoingonthewire,butyou（31）

heardonlytheoccasionalwordintendedtoyou.Most（32）

 computernetworksemploypacketswitching,becauseitismoreefficientthancircuitswitchingwhentrafficisheavy.Itseemsreasonabletheexistingpacket-switched（33）

networkwillgrow,andnewonemaybecreated;theycould（34）

wellabsorbtrafficthatwouldotherwisegotothetelephonesystemandtherebyreducetheneedfortelephonenumbers.（35）

26.much改为most

27.excluding改为exclusive 

28.more 

29.This改为There

30.was改为were 

31.going后加by

32.to改为for

33.reasonable后加that

34.one改为ones

35.need改为demand 

4

TheGermanpoetandpolymathJohannWolfgangvonGoetheponderedthequestionofhoworganismsdevelopinhisscientificstudiesofformandstructureimmatureplantsandanimals,afieldhefoundandnamedmorphology.Hissearchforasinglebasicbodyplan（26）

acrossalllife-formsledhimtothinkabouttheprevalenceofrepeating（27）

segmentsinbodystructures.Thespinalcolumnsoffish,reptiles,（28）

 birdsandmammals,forinstance,allaremadeoflongstringsof（29）

repeatedvertebrae.Amonginvertebratesthegrowthofvirtuallyidenticalsegmentsishowstriking:

inearthworms,forexample,even（30）

internalorgansarerepeatedinserialsegments.Likewise,theabdomenoffliesandotherinsectsaresegmented,asarethe（31）

 successivewormlikearticulationsincrabs,shrimpsandothercrustaceans.ToGoethetheevidencesuggestedthatnaturetakesabuilding-blockapproachtogeneratelife,repeatingabasicelement（32）

 againandagaintoarriveatacomplicatedorganism.Theonlyglaring（33）

 holehecouldseeinthetheorywastheapparentlackofsortof

 segmentationinthevertebrateheads.In1790hehypothesizedthat（34）

 spinalvertebrateismodifiedduringthedevelopmenttoformtheskull.（35）

26.found改为founded

27.repeating改为repeated

28.fish改为fishes

29.made后加up

30.去掉how

31.abdomen改为abdomens

32.generate改为generating

plicated改为complex 

34.heads改为head 

35.is改为are

5

Literatureisameansbywhichweknowourselves.Byitwe（26）

 meetfutureselves,andrecognizepastselves;againstitwematchourpresentself.Itsprimaryfunctionistovalidateandre-createtheselfinallitsindividualityanddistinctness.Indoingso,itcementsasenseofrelationshipbetweentheselfandtheothernessofthebook,andallowsusanotionofourselvesassociable.Itssharedknowledgeisvicariousexperience;bythismeansweenlargeourunderstandings（27）

ofwhatitmeanstobehuman,ofthecorporateandindependent（28）

natureofhumansociety.Theactofreadingthebookmarksbothourdifferenceinandourplaceinthehumanfabric.Themoreweread,（29）

 themoreweare.Intheactofreadingsilentlywearealonefromthe（30）

book,separatefromonesownimmediatesurroundings.Yetinthe（31）

actofreadingweenterothermindsandotherplaces,enlargeour（32）

dialoguewiththeworld.Thusparadoxically,whiledisengagingfromtheimmediateweareincreasingitsscope.Insilence,readingactivatesadeeplycreativefunctionofconsciousness.Wearedeeplycommittedtothenarrativewhichwecoexistwhileengagedin（33）

 reading.Allkindsofpresentphysicaldiscomfortnessmaybe（34）

unnoticedwhilewearereading,andactualtimeisreplacedbynarrativetime.Toimaginativelyenterafictionalworldbyreadingit（35）

 isthenbothaliberationfromselfandanexpansionofself.　

26.By改为In 

27.understandings改为understanding

28.independent改为interdependent

29.去掉in 

30.from改为with

31.ones改为our

32.enlarge前加and

33.which前加with 

34.discomfortness改为discomfort

35.去掉it

6

Becausetheairinthecountryisreallyclean,weoughttolivetheremuchasispossible.Since,however,agreatdealoftheworlds（26）

workmustbedoneindoorincities,itisimportantthatwetakeevery（27）

precautiontoventilateourhousesproperly.Somepeoplehavethoughtthatnightairisinjurious.Butcarefulstudyshowsthatnightairisidenticalwiththatwhichwebreathduringtheday.Infacethe（28）

properventilationofabedroomisoneofthefirstnecessityforgood（29）

health.Sincetheexhaledairisusuallywarmerandlighterthantheinhaledair,itrisestothetopoftheroom.Thereforeitisbettertoopenawindowbothatthetoptoletthewarmupairoutandalsoat（30）

thebottomtoadmitthefreshairin.Ofcourse,thisdoesnotmean（31）

thatoneshouldsleepinastrongdraft.Inmanyplacesitisfeasibletosleepout-of-the-doorsonasleepingporchandsotosecureperfect（32）

ventilation.Inrecentyearswehaveseensteadyprogressmadeinthedevelopmentofequipmentstosupplyproperconditionedairnotonlyinlarge（33）

auditoriums,class-rooms,andfactories,butalsoinrailroadtrainsandinprivatehomes.Thisequipmentcleanstheairoffdust,keeps（34）

thetemperaturecomfortable,holdsthehumidityattherightpoint,andkeepstheairinthemotion.Suchaconditionisconductiveto（35）

efficiencyaswellasgoodhealth.

26.much前加as

27.indoor改为indoors 

28.breath改为breathe

29.necessity改为necessities 

30.up改为upper 

31.去掉in

32.out-of-the-doors改为out-of-doors 

33.equipments改为equipment

34.off改为of

35.去掉the 

7

Ancientmanattemptedtochangetheweatherbyusingmagic.Whileexperiencetaughthimthiswasimpossible,__1__hetriedtoforecastweatherconditions.Evenearlierin__2__1000B.C.therewereweatherseersinBabylon----and　priestscleverenoughtodenounceasfraudsthosepredicted__3__theweatherayearintheadvance.Someforecastersused__4__methodsthatseemedtotakenoconnectionwiththeactual__5__factorscontrolledtheweather.Chickensandotheranimals__6__weresacrificedandtheirintestinespokedtofindsignsindicatingrainanddrought.Somewhatmorescient