直接引语与间接引语讲解练习.docx
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直接引语与间接引语讲解练习
一．什么是直接引语和间接引语
直接引语是直接引用别人的话；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话。
我们完全可以把间接引语理解成宾语从句（多数情况下）。
直接引语
Tomsaid,“Iamastudent.”
间接引语
Tomsaidthathewasastudent.
二．它们的区别
1． 两者的符号不同
直接引语前有逗号“，”
直接引语后有双引号“”
三．如何把直接引语变成间接引语
1． 直接引语出现的第一人称，无论是主格、宾格，根据意思改变人称。
如：
Hesaid:
“Mymotherisateacher.”---------
Hesaidhismotherwasateacher.
2.若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语要调整时态。
请看下表：
直接引语
间接引语
现在时
现在完成时
现在进行时
过去时
过去完成时
将来时
将来进行时
将来完成时
过去进行时
过去时
过去完成时
过去进行时
过去完成时
不变
过去将来时
过去将来进行时
过去将来完成时
过去完成进行时
2． 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。
请看下表：
直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
This
these
that
those
地点状语
here
There
动词
come
go
时间状语
Now
Today
Tonight
Thisweek
Yesterday
Lastweek
Threedaysago
Tomorrow
Nextweek
Then
Thatday
Thatnight
Thatweek
Thedaybefore
Thelastweek
Threedaysbefore
Thefollowing/nextday
Thenextweek
4.句型的调整
（1） 若直接引语为一般疑问句（即倒装语序），改为间接引语时要用if/whether引导的宾语从句。
Sheaskedme,“Canyouswim?
”---
Sheaskedmeif/whetherIcouldswim.
（2）若直接引语为特殊疑问句，间接引语就要变为相应的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
Heaskedme,”Whendidyougotothecity?
”----
HeaskedmewhenIwenttothecity.
Heaskedus,“Whatareyoudoingnow?
”
Heaskeduswhatweweredoingthen.
（3）若直接引语是选择疑问句，变成间接引语时应用whether…or
“Doyoulikericeornoodles?
”Marryaskedme.
MarryaskedmewhetherIlikedriceornoodles.
（3）若直接引语为祈使句，间接引语要改为下面的句型：
tellsb（not）todosth
asksb（not）todosth
ordersb（not）todosth
注意：
1． 如果直接引语的谓语动词是一般过去时，而且引用的句子是客观真理，在变成间接引语的时候，时态不变。
Theoldmansaidtohisgrandson,“Theearthrisesintheeast.”-------
Theoldmantoldhisgrandsonthattheearthrisesintheeast.
2． 在直接引语变成间接引语时，如果引语的内容是含有一般过去时的时间状语，在变成间接引语时，仍然用一般过去时。
Toourgreatsurprisethattheactorsaidtous,“Iwasbornin1958.”
Toourgreatsurprisethattheactortoldusthathewasbornin1958.
3． 时间状语的变化中应该注意：
Hesaid,“Icriticizedhimyesterday.”
Hesaidthathecriticizedhimyesterday.
（间接引语的主句和直接引语的主句的动作在同一天发生，仍用yesterday）
Hesaidthathehadcriticizedhimthedaybefore.
（间接引语的主句的动作发生在间接引语的主句的动作之后，yesterday该为thedaybefore,同时该为过去完成时）
练习
I.将下面的直接引语变成间接引语。
1. Shesaid,“Iamtired.”
2. Theysaid,“WeareinGrade4.”
3. Mymothersaid,“Ihavewashedtheclothesforyou.”
4. Thegirlsaid,“MyfavoritestarisFeixiang.”
5. Ourteachersaidtous,“Themoonmovesroundtheearth.”
6. Theboysaid,“Ilikefootballverymuch.”
7. Thestudentsaid,“Heisfeelingalittleundertheweather.”
8. Thedoctorsaid,“ThepatientneedsanX-ray.”
9. Mr.Smithsaid,“Icaughtthebus.”
10. Thewomansaid,“Ihavefinishedthework.”
11. Thelittleboysaid,“Icanskatenow.”
12. Annasaid,“IwillbewatchingTVatseveno’clocktonight.”
13. Theteachersaid,“Theclassroommustbecleaned.”
14. Shesaid,“ThefilmhadstartedwhenIgottothecinema.”
15. Heaskedme,“Haveyouseenhimbefore?
”
16. Theyaskedus,“Whathaveyoutoldhim?
17. Thegirlaskedus,“Whatdoyouusuallydointheevening?
”
18. Themansaidtome,“Cookdinnerforme.”
19. Theteachersaidtothestudent,“Don’tbelateforschoolnexttime.”
20. Thecommanderordered,“Standup!
”
II.Fillintheblankswiththebestanswer.
1. Hesaidthathe______ Englishforfouryears.
A. haslearned B.hadlearned
C.islearning D.waslearning
2. Mr.Smithsaidhe______verygratefultousforourkindness.
A.were B.was C.is D.am
3. Johnsaidthat______wifealways______coffeeforbreakfast.
A.him…drank B.her…drank
C.his…drink D.his…drank
4. TheteachertoldTomtofinish_____ homeworkontime.
A.his… B.him C.her D.hers
5. Theteachersaidthathemustbring_____booktotheclassroom.
A.he B.him C.his D.she
6. Hesaidhe______thisbook.
A.like B.likes C.liked D.liking
7. Hesaidthathe______herthedaybefore.
A.saw B.seen C.sees D.hadseen
8. Hesaidtomehe______tired.
A.is B.was C.were D.be
9. Shesaidthathe_______waitingforanhour.
A.hasbeen B.havebeen
C.hadbeen D.havebeen
10. HesaidtheI_____changedmuch.
A.haven’t B.hasn’t
C.hadn’t D.tobehaven’t
11. Theteachertoldusthatthesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rises C.rose D.rising
12. Hesaidthathe_____atsix.
A.wascoming B.came C.hascome D.comes
13. Hesaidthattherain______thedaybefore.
A.isfalling B.werefalling
C.hadbeenfalling D.hasbeenfalling
14. Shesaidthatshe______readingthebookbytheendofthatweek.
A.wouldhavefinished B.willhavefinished
C.wouldhavefinish D.willhavefinish
15. Hesaidthathewouldcomeand_______mesometimethenextyear.
A.willbeseeing B.willsee
C
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