江西天河教育高考猜题英语 学生用卷.docx
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江西天河教育高考猜题英语学生用卷
考试中心——2015年高考押题
英语
本卷共18题,三种题型:
阅读理解、英语知识运用和写作。
阅读理解10小题,英语知识运用4小题,写作4小题。
第一部分阅读理解(10小题)
第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在题卡上将该项涂黑。
A1
AreportfromtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences'Commissionrevealsthat,duetoajobmarketwhichdisproportionatelyrewardsgraduatesinSTEM(science,technology,engineering,andmathematics)fields,moreandmorestudentsareseekingdegreesinbusinessandhard-sciencesubjects.
Someinstitutionshaverespondedbycuttingbudgetsintheartsandhumanitiesanddirectingthosefundselsewhere.That'sthewrongthingtodo.Thehumanitiesstudyoflanguages,literature,history,philosophy,religion,ethics,etc.-andtheartsarevitaltoourfuture.Weshouldbeinvestingmorefunds,moretimeandmoreexpertise,notless,intotheseendeavors.
Whatdetractors(诋毁者)ofthe"soft"subjectsmissisthattheartsandhumanitiesprovideanessentialframeworkandcontextforunderstandingthewiderworld.Studyingthehumanitiesstrengthenstheabilitytocommunicateandworkwithothers.Itallowsstudentstodevelopbroadintellectualandculturalunderstanding;itnurturescreativityanddeepensparticipationinpublicdiscourseandmodemdemocracy.
Thecommission'sreportpointsoutthat"attheverymomentwhenChinaisseekingtoadoptourmodelofbroadeducationinthehumanities,socialsciencesandnaturalsciencesasastimulustoinvention,theUnitedStatesisinsteadnarrowingourfocusandabandoningoursenseofwhateducationhasbeenandshouldcontinuetobeoursenseofwhatmakesAmericagreat."
Thesearethetellingstatistics:
First,federalfundingforhelpingAmericanstudentsincludeinternationaltrainingintheireducationhasbeencut41percentinfouryears.Second,theNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgresstestshowsthatonlylessthanaquarterofeighth-and12th-gradeUSstudentsareproficientinreading,writingandcivics.
HowcanwepossiblyequiptheUSforitsleadershiproleinanincreasinglyconnectedworldifwearenotadequatelyteachingstudentstocommunicateandhelpingthemunderstandandencounterdiverseperspectives?
Ifwefailtoinvestintheartsandhumanities,ourcountry'sfutureleaderswillnothavetheabilitytoconnectonanemotionallevelwithothers.Thisabilityisdevelopedbystudyingthehumanities,andintheglobalcommunitythisskillisnotoptional-it'sessential.
Inaword,wemustenthusiasticallysupportandfundthestudyoftheartsandhumanities.Foranyoneconcernedwithhowthistranslatesintoasoundeconomyandasoundfinancialfuture,simplyrecallwhatSteveJobstoldgraduatesofStanfordUniversityin2005:
OneofthemostinfluentialexperiencesinhisbrieftimeatReedCollegewashisexposuretothefineartofcalligraphy(书法).Ittaughthimtheimportantlessonoftherelationshipbetweendisciplineandcreativity.
1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Businessandhard-sciencesubjectsarebasedupontheartsandhumanities.
B.AtpresenttoomuchemphasisandinvestmentareputonscienceinAmerica.
C.MorestudentswilllearntheartsandhumanitiesinsteadofscienceintheUSA.
D.ChinahasspentmoremoneyinthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesthantheUSA.
2.TheauthormentionsSteveJobsinthelastparagraphtoprovethat_____.
A.sciencehasacloserelationshipwiththeartsandhumanities
B.investmentintheartsandhumanitiespromoteseconomicdevelopment
C.calligraphyplaysadeterminingroleinSteveJobs'accomplishment
D.ReedCollegesupportsandfundsthestudyoftheartsandhumanities
3.Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?
A.SignificanceofartsandhumanitiesB.Keyqualitiesoffutureleaders
C.DeclineofartsandhumanitiesD.Riseandfallofhardsciences
A2
FuelCellTechnologyforCars
Fillherupwithhydrogen?
That'swhatsome
Californiamotoristsmaybesayingsoon,ascarmakerstry
tospeedupproductionofzeroemission(零排放)carsto
meetstaterequirementsinthenearfuture.
BeneaththeskinofthisordinarylookingHondas
FCXConceptVehiclesitsanelectro-chemicalreactor:
a
handbuilt,astronomicallyexpensivepowerplantknown
asafuelcell.It'sexpectedtoberunningordinaryfamilycarsonCalifornia'sroadswithinthreeyears.
Sowhatexactlyisafuelcell,anyway?
Whyaregovernments,privatebusinessesandacademicinstitutionscooperatingtodevelopandproducethem?
Afuelcell,verysimplydescribed,isapowergenerator,makingelectricitythroughthecombinationofhydrogenandoxygen.Fuelcellsgenerateelectricalpowerquietlyandefficiently,withoutpollution,unlikepowersourcesthatusefossilfuels,theonlyby-productsfromanoperatingfuelcellareheatandwater.Tobemoretechnicalaboutit,ahydrogenatomwithitsoneelectron,attemptstopassthroughafuelcellmembrane(膜)tounitewithanoxygenatom.Themembraneallowsonlythehydrogenproton(质子)topassthrough,forcingitselectrontorunaroundthemembranetocatchupwiththeprotonontheotherside.Thiscreateselectricity,water,andheat,butnoexhaustemissions.
Ifthefuelcellispoweredwithpurehydrogen,ithasthepotentialtobeupto80-percentefficient,Thatis,itturns80percentoftheenergycontentofthehydrogenintoelectricalenergy.However,westillneedtoturntheelectricalenergyintomechanicalwork.Thisisaccomplishedbytheelectricmotor.Areasonablenumberfortheefficiencyofthemotorisabout80percent.Sowehave80-percentefficiencyingeneratingelectricity,and80-percentefficiencyturningitintomechanicalpower.Thatgivesanoverallefficiencyofabout64percent.Honda'sFCXconceptvehiclereportedlyhas60-percentenergyefficiency,whichistwiceoreventhreetimesmoreefficientthanusualcars.
Butinspiteofalltheadvantagesdescribedabove,expertssay,"Westillhavetechnicalchallengesgettingthisextremelycomplexsystemtoworkproperly,thewaycustomersexpectittowork.Therearechallengesinusingnewfuels,andprovidingthenewfuelbasicfacilities.Andbeforefuelcellvehicleshittheroad,therewillhavetobeanetworkofhydrogenstationsthatwillallowdriverstofillupwiththeflammablegas,under36-hundredpoundsofpressure."
4.WhatcanbeinferredfromCalifornia's"zeroemissionspolicy"?
A.Newcarswithfuelcelltechnologywillsurelybecomemuchcheaper.
B.Bycarryingoutthepolicy,trafficwillnotbesobusyasitisnow.
C.ThequalityoflifeinCaliforniawillimproveoncethispolicyisineffect.
D.Withfacilitiesofnewkinds,morelocalemploymentwillbecreated.
5.Whatdoesthephrase"powerplant"referto?
A.Apowerdevicegeneratingelectricity.B.Apowerstationprovidingelectricity.
C.Apowercomponentconsumingelectricity.D.Apowerengineusingelectricity.
6.Oneofthereasonswhyfuelcellpoweredvehiclesaresuperioristhat..
A.theygiveoutalmostnowaterorheatB.theyrunfasterandmoresmoothly
C.theygiveoutalmostnonoiseD.theyturn64%oftheenergyintoelectricity
7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?
A.Customerswillnotthinkitagoodideatodevelopfuelcelltechnology.
B.Itisstillnotveryeasytospeedupproductionofzeroemissioncars.
C.Wecan'tignorethefinancialproblemstobuildanetworkofhydrogenstations.
D.Westillhavemuchdifficultyturningallthechainsofthebusinessintoreality.
A3
WhenDeKalbWalcottIIIwasjust8yearsold,hisfather,aChicagofirechief,lethimtagalongonacall.DeKalbsaysalotofkidsidolizedbasketballplayerMichaelJordanwhenhewasgrowingupinChicagointhe1990s.Nothim.
"IwantedtobelikeDeKalbWalcottJr.,"hesaysofhisfather.
Sowhenhisdadaskedifhewantedtogoonthatcallwithhimwhenhewas8,DeKalbwasexcited."I'mjumpingupanddown,saying,"Mom,canIgo?
CanIgo?
'"
TheexperiencechangedDeKalb’slife,hetellshisdadonavisittoStoryCorps."Myeyesgotbigfromthemomentthealarmwentoff."theyoungerDeKalbsays.“ThisisthelifethatIwanttolivesomeday.”
Now27,theyoungerDeKalbislivingthatlife.Hebecameafirefighterat21and
wenttoworkalongsidehisdadattheChicagoFireDepartment.Beforehisfatherretired,thepairevenwentoutonacalltogether—fathersupervising(监督)son.
"Youknow,it'severythingformetowatchyougrow,"hisfathersays.Buthealsorecallsworryingaboutoneparticularfirethathissonfaced.
"Ireceivedaphonecallthatnight.Andtheysaid,'Well,yoursonwasatthisfire.'Isaid,'OK,whichwayisthisconversationgoingtogo?
'“DeKalbWalcottJr.recalls.
"Andtheysaid,'buthe'sOK.Andheputitoutallbyhimself.Everybodyherewasproudofhim.'
"Andthewordwentaround,'Whowasouttheremanagingthatfire?
Oh,that'sWalcott!
That'sWalcottupthere!
'So,youknow,momentslikethat,it'sheavenonEarthforadad."
DeKalbWalcottJr.retiredin2009.TheyoungerDeKalbsayshe'sproudofbeingasecond-generationfirefighter."Youknow,itmakesmelookforwardtofatherhoodaswell,becauseI'mdefinitelylookingforwardtopassingthattorchdowntomyson."
8.TheunderlinedphrasetagalonginParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.
A.putoutfire
B.watchbasketball
C.followhisfather
D.askhismother’spermission
9.DeKalbWalcottIIIdeterminedtobecomeafirefighterattheageof_________.
A.8B.21C.27D.35
10.WhatdidDeKalbWalcottJrwanttodobeforehewastoldthatthefirewasputout?
A.Goonwiththeconversation
B.Putitoutallbyhimself
C.Supervisehisson
D.Gotothefirescene
11.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.DeKalbW