3配合物命名ppt.docx

3配合物命名ppt.docx

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3配合物命名ppt

Acoordinationcomplexisasubstanceinwhichametalatomorionacceptselectronsfrom（andthusassociateswith）agroupofneutralmoleculesoranionscalledligands.

Acomplexcanbeananion,acationion,oraneutralmolecule.Coordinationcompoundsareneutralsubstances（i.e.uncharged）inwhichatleastoneionispresentasacomplex.

Thecoordinationcompoundsarenamedinthefollowingway.

A.Whennamingcoordinationcompounds,alwaysnamethecationbeforetheanion.Thisruleholdsregardlessofwhetherthecomplexionisthecationortheanion.（Thisisjustlikenaminganioniccompound.）

B.Innamingthecomplexion:

1.Nametheligandsfirst,inalphabeticalorder,andthennamethecentralmetal.Note:

Inthechemicalformulathecentralmetaliswrittenbeforetheligands.

2.ThenamesofsomecommonligandsarelistedinTable1.

·Anionicligandsendin"-o."Foranionsthatendin"-ide"（e.g.chloride,hydroxide）,"-ate"（e.g.sulfate,nitrate）,and"-ite"（e.g.nirite）,changetheendingsasfollows:

-ide→-o;e.g.,chloride→chloroandhydroxide→hydroxo

-ate→-ato;e.g.,sulfate→sulfatoandnitrate→nitrato

-ite→-ito;e.g.,nitrite→nitrito

·Forneutralligands,thecommonnameofthemoleculeisused（e.g.H2NCH2CH2NH2（ethylenediamine））.Importantexceptions:

wateriscalled‘aqua’,ammoniaiscalled‘ammine’,carbonmonoxideiscalled‘carbonyl’,andtheN2andO2moleculesarecalled‘dinitrogen’and‘dioxygen’.

Table1.NamesofSomeCommonLigands

AnionicLigands

Names

NeutralLigands

Names

Br-

bromo

NH3

ammine

F-

fluoro

H2O

aqua

O2-

oxo

NO

Nitrosyl

OH-

hydroxo

CO

Carbonyl

CN-

cyano

O2

dioxygen

C2O42-

oxalato

N2

dinitrogen

CO32-

carbonato

C5H5N

pyridine

CH3COO-

acetato

H2NCH2CH2NH2

ethylenediamine

3.TheGreekprefixesdi-,tri-,tetra-,etc.areusedtodesignatethenumberofeachtypeofligandinthecomplexion.IftheligandalreadycontainsaGreekprefix（e.g.ethylenediamine）orifitisapolydentateligand（i.e.itcanattachatmorethanonecoordinationsite）,theprefixesbis-,tris-,tetrakis-,andpentakis-areusedinstead.（Seeexamples3and4.）ThenumericalprefixesarelistedinTable2.

Table2.NumericalPrefixes

Number

Prefix

Number

Prefix

Number

Prefix

1

mono

5

penta（pentakis）

9

nona（ennea）

2

di（bis）

6

hexa（hexakis）

10

deca

3

tri（tris）

7

hepta

11

undeca

4

tetra（tetrakis）

8

octa

12

dodeca

4.Afternamingtheligands,namethecentralmetal.Ifthecomplexionisacation,themetalisnamedsameastheelement.Forexample,CoinacomplexcationiscalledcobaltandPtiscalledplatinum.（Seeexamples1-4.）Ifthecomplexionisananion,thenameofthemetalendswiththesuffix-ate.（Seeexamples5and6.）Forexample,CoinacomplexanioniscalledcobaltateandPtiscalledplatinate.Forsomemetals,theLatinnamesareusedinthecomplexanions（e.g.Feiscalledferrateandnotironate）.

Table3:

NameofMetalsinAnionicComplexes

NameofMetal

NameinanAnionicComplex

Iron

Ferrate

Copper

Cuprate

Lead

Plumbate

Silver

Argentate

Gold

Aurate

Tin

Stannate

5.Followingthenameofthemetal,theoxidationstateofthemetalinthecomplexisgivenasaRomannumeralinparentheses.

C.Tonameaneutralcomplexmolecule,followtherulesofnamingacomplexcation.Remember:

Namethe（possiblycomplex）cationBEFOREthe（possiblycomplex）anion.Seeexamples7and8.

Forhistoricreasons,somecoordinationcompoundsarecalledbytheircommonnames.Forexample:

Fe（CN）63-andFe（CN）64-arenamedferricyanideandferrocyaniderespectively,andFe（CO）5iscalledironcarbonyl.

Examples:

Givethesystematicnamesforthefollowingcoordinationcompounds:

1.[Cr（NH3）3（H2O）3]Cl3

Answer:

triamminetriaquachromium（III）chloride

Solution:

·Thecomplexionisfoundinsidetheparentheses.Inthiscase,thecomplexionisacation.

·Theammineligandsarenamedfirstbecausealphabetically（按字母顺序地）,"ammine"comesbefore"aqua."

·Thecompoundiselectricallyneutralandthushasanoverallchargeofzero.Sincetherearethreechloridesassociatedwithonecomplexionandeachchloridehasa–1charge,thechargeonthecomplexionmustbe+3.

·Fromthechargeonthecomplexionandthechargeontheligands,wecancalculatetheoxidationnumberofthemetal.Inthisexample,alltheligandsareneutralmolecules.Therefore,theoxidationnumberofchromiummustbethesameasthechargeofthecomplexion,+3.

2.[Pt（NH3）5Cl]Br3

Answer:

pentaamminechloroplatinum（IV）bromide

Solution:

·Thecomplexionisacation,andthecounteranionsarethe3bromides.

·Thechargeofthecomplexionmustbe+3sinceitisassociatedwith3bromides.

·TheNH3moleculesareneutralwhilethechloridecarriesa-1charge.

·Therefore,theoxidationnumberofplatinummustbe+4.

3.[Pt（H2NCH2CH2NH2）2Cl2]Cl2

Answer:

dichlorobis（ethylenediamine）platinum（IV）chloride

Solution:

·SinceEthylenediamineisabidentateligand,theprefixbis-isusedinsteadoftheprefixdi-.

4.[Co（H2NCH2CH2NH2）3]2（SO4）3

Answer:

tris（ethylenediamine）cobalt（III）sulfate

Solution:

·Thesulfatehasachargeof–2andisthecounteranioninthismolecule.

·Sinceittakes3sulfatestobondwithtwocomplexcations,thechargeoneachcomplexcationmustbe+3.

·Sinceethylenediamineisaneutralmolecule,theoxidationnumberofcobaltinthecomplexionmustbe+3.

·Again,rememberthatyouneverhavetoindicatethenumberofcationsandanionsinthenameofanioniccompound.

5.K4[Fe（CN）6]

Answer:

potassiumhexacyanoferrate（II）

Solution:

·Potassiumisthecation,andthecomplexionistheanion.

·Sincethereare4K+associatedwiththecomplexion（eachK+havinga+1charge）,thechargeonthecomplexionmustbe-4.

·Sinceeachligandcarries–1charge,theoxidationnumberofFemustbe+2.

·Thecommonnameofthiscompoundispotassiumferrocyanide.

6.Na2[NiCl4]

Answer:

sodiumtetrachloronickelate（II）

Solution:

·Thecomplexionistheanionsowehavetoaddthesuffix–atetothenameofthemetal.

7.Pt（NH3）2Cl4

Answer:

diamminetetrachloroplatinum（IV）

Solution:

·ThisisaneutralmoleculebecausethechargeonPt+4equalsthenegativechargesonthefourchloroligands.

·Ifthecompoundis[Pt（NH3）2Cl2]Cl2,eventhoughthenumberofionsandatomsinthemoleculeareidenticaltotheexample,itshouldbenamed:

diamminedichloroplatinum（IV）chloridebecausetheplatinuminthelattercompoundisonlyfourcoordinatedinsteadofsixcoordinated.

8.Fe（CO）5

Answer:

pentacarbonyliron（0）

Solution:

·Sinceitisaneutralcomplex,itisnamedinthesamewayasacomplexcation.Thecommonnameofthiscompound,ironcarbonyl,isusedmoreoften.

9.（NH4）2[Ni（C2O4）2（H2O）2]

Answer:

ammoniumdiaquabis（oxalato）nickelate（II）

Solution:

Theoxalateionisabidentateligand.

10.[Ag（NH3）2][Ag（CN）2]

Answer:

diamminesilver（I）dicyanoargentate（I）

Youcanhaveacompoundwhereboththecationandtheanionarecomplexions.Noticehowthenameofthemetaldifferseventhoughtheyarethesamemetalions.

Canyougivethemolecularformulasofthefollowingcoordinationcompounds?

1.hexaammineiron（III）nitrate

2.ammoniumtetrachlorocuprate（II）

3.sodiummonochloropentacyanoferrate（III）

4.potassiumhexafluorocobaltate（III）

Canyougivethenameofthefollowingcoordinationcompounds?

5.[CoBr（NH3）5]SO4

6.[Fe（NH3）6][Cr（CN）6]

7.[Co（SO4）（NH3）5]+

8.[Fe（OH）（H2O）5]2+

Answers:

1.[Fe（NH3）6]（NO3）3

2.（NH4）2[CuCl4]

3.Na3[FeCl（CN）5]

4.K3[CoF6]

5.pentaamminebromocobalt（III）sulfate

6.hexaammineiron（III）hexacyanochromate（III）

7.pentaamminesulfatocobalt（III）ion

8.pentaaquahydroxoiron（III）ion