中考英语常见错误B系列1.docx

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中考英语常见错误B系列1.docx

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中考英语常见错误B系列1.docx

中考英语常见错误B系列1

中考英语常见错误B系列1

back

[误]I'msorry.Ihavetobackhome.

[正]I'msorry.Ihavetogobackhome.

[正]I'msorry.Ihavetogohome.

[析]back用作“回到(某处)”之意,不是动词。

be

[误]Wheredoyoufrom?

[正]Whereareyoufrom?

[析]“你从何处来”应为Whereareyoufrom?

或Wheredoyoucomefrom?

但要注意这两句话均是问对方从哪个国家来的。

要是口语中问“你是从什么地方来?

”应讲Wheredidyoucomefrom?

回答用Icamefromthelibrary.

beat

[误]Wehavewonyourclass.

[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.

[正]Wehavewonthegame.

[析]win是胜过之意,它是及物动词,但其后的宾语只能接比赛、战争、奖品、奖金的名称,如:

Whichteamwonthefootballmatch?

而beat指打败对手、敌人……如:

Mybrotherbeatmeatpoker.(要注意的是,beat的过去式与原形相同,而过去分词为beaten)。

[误]Theballbeatmebadly.

[正]Theballhitmebadly.

[误]Heusedtohitthelittleboyblackandblue.

[正]Heusedtobeatthelittleboyblackandblue.

[析]beat指打击多次,而hit则为击中对方的一次性打击。

beautiful

[误]Heisabeautifulboy.

[正]Heisahandsomeboy.

[析]我们可以讲Sheisabeautifulgirl.Thisisabeautifulpark.但要讲男人的"英俊"时要用handsome.

because

[误]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisbecauseIwasill.

[正]ThereasonwhyIwaslateisthatIwasill.

[误]BecauseitwasSunday,sotheparkwascrowded.

[正]BecauseitwasSundaytheparkwascrowded.

[析]这种错误是因为中文的习惯与英语的表述法不同,中文常讲我来晚了的原因是因为我病了,而英文中的第二个因为要用that代替。

又因中文常讲因为……所以……,而英文中用了因为就不能再用所以了,同样用了"所以"也就不要再用"因为"一词。

例如:

Becausewestudyhard,wepassedtheexameasily.或者:

Westudyhardsowepassedtheexameasily.

because、becauseof

because后要接从句,例如:

Welikephysicsbecausewecanlearnalotofnewideas.而becauseof后要接名词作介词宾语,如:

Heisnotatschoolbecauseoftheillness.

before

[误]Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewewillgohome.

[正]Wehavetwohourstokillbeforewegohome.

[析]killtime意为"消磨时光".

英语状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

如:

Ifitrainswewillnotgotothepark.

[误]Ididthisworktwodaysbefore.

[正]Ididthisworktwodaysago.

[析]用ago组成的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词要用过去时,而before引起的时间状语其主句中的谓语动词多用完成时,如:

Ihasdonethisworkafewdaysbefore.

beforelong、longbefore

beforelong是"不久"之意,例如:

IshallgotoAmericabeforelong.而longbefore则是"很久很久"之意,如:

Weknewthisteacherlongbeforewesawhim.(我们在看到这位老师之前很久就知道他了。

begin

[误]ThemeetingwillbeginfromMonday.

[正]ThemeetingwillbeginonMonday.

[误]Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.

[正]Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.

[析]begin是瞬间动词,所以它的完成时态不能接表示一段时间的状语,如:

Thefilmhasbegun.这句话是对的,即"电影已经开始".但要讲已经开始10分钟了则要用hasbeenon即"上演了10分钟".

begin、start

begin与start两词后面加不定式或动名词都可以,且意思并无区别,但在表达习惯时接动名词的用法较多,如:

HowoldwernyouwhenyoufirststartedlearningEnglish?

但这两个词的进行时态中则多用不定式,如:

Iwasbeginningtogethungry.但如果句子的主语是物而不是人,则多用不定式,如:

Theicebegantomelt.Itstartedtogetdarkbeforewegottoschool.当动词是表达某种心理状态时,要用不定式,如:

Thestudentbegantounderstandhismistakes.

[误]Theystudyhardintheclassfromthebeginningtotheend.

[正]Theystudyhardintheclassfrombeginningtoend.

[析]frombeginningtoend是习惯用法,即自始至终,不要加冠词,但如单独使用则要加冠词,例如:

Atthebeginning,theteachergaveusanexam.

behind

[误]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindthetime.

[正]Hemissedtheclassbecausehewasbehindtime.

[析]behindtime一短语意为"晚了",而behindthetimes意为"落后于时代".behind是介词同时又是副词,如Comeoutfrombehindthedoor(介词)。

He'salongwaybehind(副词)。

Hefellbehindwithhisclassmates(副词)。

below

[误]What'sthatbelowthechair.

[正]What'sthatunderthechair.

[析]under意为"正下方",而below意为"比……低",或指"在下游".如:

Thereisafallbelowtheriver.(河的下游有一个瀑布。

)其反义词为over,如:

Thereisabigplaneflyingoverthecity.但在"下面的例子"一表达语中则要用theexamplebelow,而不要用under.

beside

[误]Thestudentsstoodbesidestheteacher.

[正]Thestudentsstoodbesidetheteacher.

[误]IstudyEnglishbesideChinese.

[正]IstudyEnglishbesidesChinese.

[析]beside意为"在……旁边",而besides是"除……以外(还如何)".

beside、by、near

beside意为"在……旁",如:

Thereisatalltreebesidetheriver.by多指"倚、靠"、"沿着"之意,如:

Sheisstandingbythewindow.near多用来表示两地间距离不远,如:

Thereisapostofficenearourschool.

better

[误]Youhadbettertodoitathome.

[正]Youhadbetterdoitathome.

[误]Youhadn'tbetterwakemeupatsix.

[正]Youhadbetternotwakemeupatsix.

[析]hadbetter在肯定句中为"应该作某事",其后加不带to的不定式,而在否定句中应用hadbetter+not+动词原形。

在简答语中had常省略为'd,如:

You'dbetternot.又如:

Let'sgofirst.No,we'dbetternot.

between

[误]Amongthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.

[正]Betweenthetwotreesthereisaspaceofthefeet.

[析]两者之间多用between,三者或三者以上之间则用among.

[误]Youmustchoosebetweenthiscluborthatclub.

[正]Youmustchoosebetweenthisclubandthatclub.

[析]在两个之间作出选择要用between…and…,而不能用between…or…。

big

[误]Therewasabigrainlastnight.

[正]Therewasaheavyrainlastnight.

[析]大雨在英语中只能用aheavyrain而不要用abigrain.

bit

[误]Heisabitfool.

[正]Heisabitofafool.

[析]abit可以作程度副词,与alittle相同,但它用于名词前应用abitof,而用于形容词前则应用abit,如:

I'mabittired,而其简答的否定句应为Notabit,(一点儿也不。

)又如:

-DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?

-Notabit.

black

[误]Thechildrenbecameblackafterswimminginthesea.

[正]Thechildrenbecamesunburnedafterswimminginthesea.

[析]因太阳照晒而皮肤变黑,不应用black而应用sunburned,suncolour或dark.

[误]Thegirlhasblackeyesandblack

hair

[正]Thegirlhasdarkeyesandblackhair.

[析]英语中blackeyes的意思是被打得发青的眼睛。

[误]TheEuropeanslikeredtea.

[正]TheEuropeanslikeblacktea.

[析]红茶在英文中应为blacktea.这种惯用法还有:

blackandblue(鼻青脸肿,青一块紫一块);blackandwhite(黑白电视片)。

goblack意为"在失去知觉时眼前一片黑暗";lookblack意为"情况不妙,前景暗淡".如:

Afterthefighthewasblackandblue.OnTV,Ilikecolourforsomethingandblackandwhiteforothers.

body

[误]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourbody.

[正]Goingtobedearlierandgettingupearlierisgoodforyourhealth.

[析]中文常讲对你身体有利,而英文中则讲对你健康有利。

borrow

[误]MayIlendsomebooksfromthelibrary?

[正]MayIborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary?

[误]HowlongcanIborrowit?

[正]HowlongcanIkeepit?

[析]英语中有三个词都可译为"借",但意义各不相同如:

"借入"是borrow,其常用句型结构是borrowsomethingfromsomebody,这是个瞬间性动词,不可与表示延续的时间状语连用。

例如:

Thestudentswanttoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary."借出"用lend,即借给别人东西。

其常用句型是lendsomebodysomething,或lendsomethingtosomebody.例如:

Couldyoulendusyourdictionary?

或Couldyoulendyourdictionarytous?

它也是瞬间性动词,也不能与延续的时间状语连用。

keep则是延续性动词,可以和表示长时间段的时间状语连用,也可与howlong等疑问词连用,如:

Youcankeepitforthreedays.

born(bear的过去分词)

[误]IborninShanghai.

[正]IwasborninShanghai.

[误]HewasbornfromGreekparents.

[正]HewasbornofGreekparents.

[析]"出身于……样的家庭"不要作from而要用of,例如:

Hewasbornofapoorfamily.

both

[误]Theybotharestudents.

[正]Theyarebothstudents.

[误]Theyrefusebothtoanswerthisquestion.

[正]Theybothrefusetoanswerthisquestion.

[析]both作同位语时,一般要用在be动词之后实意动词之前。

[误]Iknowhisbothparents.

[正]Iknowbothhisparents.

[误]Thebothbrotherswerestudents.

[正]Boththebrotherswerestudents.

[正]Bothbrotherswerestudents.

[析]当both与形容词性物主代词my,his,her等以及定冠词the连用时,都应将这些词置于both之后。

另外,在与定冠词连用时the可以省略。

[误]Bothofmyparentsarenotathome.

[正]Neitherofmyparentsareathome.

[误]Bothofyouranswersarenotright.

[正]Neitherofyouranswersisright.

[正]Bothyouranswersarewrong.

[析]both不能用于否定句中作主语。

表示"两者都不"时要用neither;但作宾语时both与either则都对,但要注意句意有所不同。

例如:

Icannotgivebothofthebookstoyou.(我不能将两本书全给你。

)而Icannotgiveeitherofthebookstoyou.(两本书中哪本书也不能给你。

bring

[误]PleasebringthisdictionarytoMrBrown.

[正]PleasetakethisdictionarytoMrBrown.

[误]Nexttime,pleasetakeyourlittlesisterhere.

[正]Nexttime,pleasebringyourlittlesisterhere.

[析]英语中bring是"带来",而take是"带走".还有一个词fetch,表示"到某处去把某物取、接回来".如:

Pleasefetchthedoctoratonce.

business

[误]MyfatherwenttoShanghaiforbusiness.

[正]MyfatherwenttoShanghaionbusiness.

[析]onbusiness出差

busy

[误]Thestudentswereverybusytopreparefortheexam.

[正]Thestudentswereverybusypreparingfortheexam.

[析]bebusydoingsomething为"忙于作某事"

[误]Thestudentswerebusyfortheexam.

[正]Thestudentswerebusywiththeexam.

[析]busy直接接名词时应用with.

but

[误]Hecouldn'thelpbutrealizingthathewaswrong.

[正]Hecouldn'thelpbutrealizethathewaswrong.

[误]Shecouldn'thelptocrywhenshesawhermother.

[正]Shecouldn'thelpcryingwhenshesawhermother.

[析]couldn'thelp其后应接动名词,表示情不自禁的动作,但couldn'thelpbut后面要加动词原形即省to的不定式,所以前一句应译为"他才真正认识到他错了。

"

buy

[误]Ihaveboughtthisdictionaryforthreeyears.

[正]Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.

[析]buy是截止性(即瞬间)动词,它可以有完成时,如:

Ihaveboughtthisdictionary.

但是不能与表示较长的时间状语连用。

如要讲我这本字典已买了3年了则要用havehad这一结构即我拥有这本字典已3年了。

by

[误]Theboyshotthecatbyagun.

[正]Theboyshotthecatwithagun.

[误]Hecametoschoolbyataxithismorning.

[正]Hecametoschoolbytaxithismorning.

[析]作为某种运输手段来讲,by与名词间不能有冠词,如:

bycar,bybike,byair等。

如有了冠词或其他修饰词,则应用别的相应的介词,如:

"我们今天早上是乘他的车来的"一句应译为:

Wecamehereinhiscarthismorning.与by结合而成的词组很多,常用的有:

bytheway顺便说说;byhand手工制作;byoneself独自地;bynomeans决不。

中考英语连词的用法总结

连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。

连词主要可分为两类:

并列连词和从属连词。

并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。

如:

and,but,or,nor,so,therefore,yet,however,for,hence,aswellas,both…and,notonly…butalso,either…or,neither…nor,(and)then等等。

并列连词引导两个并列的句子。

1) and与or

 判断改错:

 (错)Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.

 (错)Theystartedtodanceandsang.

 (错)Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.

 (对)Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.

 (对)Theystartedtodanceandsing.

 (对)Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.

解析:

 第一句:

and连接两个并列的谓语,所以talk应改为talked。

 第二句:

and连接两个并列的动词不定式,第二个不定式往往省略to,因此sang应改为sing。

 第三句:

and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构,因此whisper应改为whispering。

注意:

and还可以和祈

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