考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析.docx

考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析.docx

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考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析

考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析

Unit1

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

　　It’splaincommonsense?

Dthemorehappinessyoufeel,thelessunhappinessyouexperience.It’splaincommonsense,butit’snottrue.Recentresearchrevealsthathappinessandunhappinessarenotreallytwosidesofthesameemotion.Theyaretwodistinctfeelingsthat,coexisting,riseandfallindependently.

　　Peoplemightthinkthatthehigheraperson’slevelofunhappiness,thelowertheirlevelofhappinessandviceversa.Butwhenresearchersmeasurepeople’saveragelevelsofhappinessandunhappiness,theyoftenfindlittlerelationshipbetweenthetwo.

　　Therecognitionthatfeelingsofhappinessandunhappinesscanco-existmuchlikeloveandhateinacloserelationshipmayoffervaluablecluesonhowtoleadahappierlife.Itsuggests,forexample,thatchangingoravoidingthingsthatmakeyoumiserablemaywellmakeyoulessmiserable,butprobablywon’tmakeyouanyhappier.Thatadviceisbackedupbyanextraordinaryseriesofstudieswhichindicatethatageneticpredispositionforunhappinessmayrunincertainfamilies.Ontheotherhand,researchershavefoundhappinessdoesn’tappeartobeanyone’sheritage.Thecapacityforjoyisatalentyoudeveloplargelyforyourself.

　　Psychologistshavesettledonaworkingdefinitionofthefeeling?

Dhappinessisasenseofsubjectivewell-being.Theyhavealsobeguntofindoutwho’shappy,whoisn’tandwhy.Todate,theresearchhasn’tfoundasimpleformulaforahappylife,butithasdiscoveredsomeoftheactionsandattitudesthatseemtobringpeopleclosertothatmostdesiredoffeelings.

　　Whyisunhappinesslessinfluencedbyenvironment?

Whenwearehappy,wearemoreresponsivetopeopleandkeepupconnectionsbetterthanwhenwearefeelingsad.Thisdoesn’tmean,however,thatsomepeopleareborntobesadandthat’sthat.Genesmaypredisposeonetounhappiness,butdispositioncanbeinfluencedbypersonalchoice.Youcanincreaseyourhappinessthroughyourownactions.

1.Accordingtothetext,itistruethat

［A］unhappinessismoreinheritedthanaffectedbyenvironment.

［B］happinessandunhappinessaremutuallyconditional.

［C］unhappinessissubjecttoexternalmorethaninternalfactors.

［D］happinessisanuncontrollablesubjectivefeeling.

2.Theauthorarguesthatonecanachievehappinessby

［A］maintainingitatanaveragelevel.

［B］escapingmiserableoccurrencesinlife.

［C］pursuingitwithone’spainstakingeffort.

［D］realizingitscoexistencewithunhappiness.

3.Thephrase“Todate”（Par.4）canbebestreplacedby

［A］Asaresult.［B］Inaddition.［C］Atpresent.［D］Untilnow.

4.Whatdoyouthinktheauthorbelievesabouthappinessandunhappiness?

［A］Onefeelsunhappyowingtohismiserableorigin.

［B］Theyareindependentbutexistingconcurrently

［C］Onefeelshappybyparticipatinginmoreactivities.

［D］Theyareactionsandattitudestakenbyhumanbeings.

5.Thesentence“That’sthat”（Par.5）probablymeans:

Somepeopleareborntobesad

［A］andthesituationcannotbealtered.

［B］andhappinessremainsinaccessible.

［C］buttheydon’tthinkmuchaboutit.

［D］buttheyremainunconsciousofit.

Text2

　　Thelegallimitfordrivingafterdrinkingalcoholis80milligramsofalcoholin100millilitresofblood,whentested.Butthereisnosurewayoftellinghowmuchyoucandrinkbeforeyoureachthislimit.Itvarieswitheachpersondependingonyourweight,yoursex,ifyou’vejusteatenandwhatsortofdrinksyou’vehad.Somepeoplemightreachtheirlimitafteronlyaboutthreestandarddrinks.

　　Infact,yourdrivingabilitycanbeaffectedbyjustoneortwodrinks.Evenifyou’rebelowthelegallimit,youcouldstillbetakentocourtifapoliceofficerthinksyourdrivinghasbeenaffectedbyalcohol.

　　Ittakesaboutanhourforthebodytogetridofthealcoholinonestandarddrink.So,ifyouhaveaheavydrinkingintheeveningyoumightfindthatyourdrivingabilityisstillaffectedthenextmorning,oryoucouldevenfindthatyou’restilloverthelegallimit.Inaddition,ifyou’vehadafewdrinksatlunchtime,anotheroneortwodrinksintheearlyeveningmaywellputyouoverthelegallimit.

　　Inatestwithprofessionaldrivers,themorealcoholicdrinkstheyhadhad,themorecertaintheywerethattheycoulddriveatestcoursethroughasetofmovableposts...andthelessabletheyweretodoit!

Sotheonlywaytobesureyou’resafeisnottodrinkatall.

　　Alcoholisamajorcauseofroadtrafficaccidents.Oneinthreeofthedriverskilledinroadaccidentshavelevelsofalcoholwhichareoverthelegallimit,androadaccidentsafterdrinkingarethebiggestcauseofdeathamongyoungmen.Morethanhalfofthepeoplestoppedbythepolicetotakeabreathtesthaveabloodalcoholconcentrationofmorethantwicethelegallimit.

　　Itisimportanttorememberthatdrivingafteryou’vebeendrinkingdoesn’tjustaffectyou.Ifyou’reinvolvedinanaccidentitaffectsalotofotherpeopleaswell,notleastthepersonyoumightkillorinjure.

6.Theamountofalcoholadrivercandrinkwithinthelegallimitis

［A］about80mgofpurealcohol.

［B］aboutthreestandarddrinks.

［C］inproportiontohisweight.

［D］varyingwithdifferentpeople.

7.Youmightbeaccusedofdrunkdrivingwhen

［A］youdriveuponhavingsomedrinks.

［B］youbecomeahelplessalcoholaddict.

［C］yourdrivingisfoundabnormalfordrinking.

［D］youralcoholpercentagefailsthetest.

8.Atestshowedthatdrunkenprofessionaldriverscould

［A］havegreaterconfidencethansoberones.

［B］moveawayasetofpostsonthetestground.

［C］failinthetestdespitetheirself-affirmation.

［D］serveasalarmingexamplestopotentialdrivers.

9.Alcoholisthemajorcauseoftrafficaccidentsbecause

［A］morethan30%roadcasualtiesaredrinkdrivers.

［B］drinkingaffectspeople’smindandemotion.

［C］aboutone-thirddriversareusedtodrinking.

［D］youngdriversarefamiliaramongtrafficvictims.

10.Aboutdrinkdriving,theauthorwarnsyouofthefactthatyou

［A］maybetakentocourtbythepolice.

［B］areputtingyourselfindanger.

［C］mayhurtorkillanotherdriver.

［D］aresettingotherpeopleatrisk.

Text3

　　Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

　　Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,realgoodssuchasautomobiles,shoesandpizzasaretradedagainsteachother.Obviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotrademyoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductionofmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goodsandservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

　　Analternativeforthemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedicts（orders）orcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showstheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocatedtodifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforthewholeeconomy.

　　Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition;everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage（origin）,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcaste（socialclass）mayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnant（unchanging）societymayresult.

11.Themainpurposeofthetextisto

［A］interprettheessenceofgeneraleconomics.

［B］comparebarterandcash-exchangemarkets.

［C］outlinecontrastingtypesofeconomicsystems.

［D］argueforthesuperiorityofacertaineconomy.

12.Theword“real”in“realgoods”（Par.2）couldbestbereplacedby

［A］genuine.［B］concrete.［C］durable.［D］practical.

13.Accordingtothetext,abartereconomymayleadto

［A］unfairtransaction.［B］directconflicts.

［C］gradualdeflation.［D］tradingtroubles.

14.Inanadministeredsystem,businessactivitiesareunderthedirectionof

［A］majoreconomicorganizations.［B］generalpublicadvisorybody.

［C］largecommercialcompanies.［D］certainofficialdepartments.

15.Allofthefollowingarementionedasfactorsdeterminingone’splaceinatraditionalsocietyEXCEPT

［A］familybackground.［B］ageandeducation.

［C］religiousbeliefs.［D］establishedexperience.

Text4

　　It’spossiblethatwhileyouareatwork,youmaydreamaboutamonthofSundays,butyourbosswishesforaweekofTuesday.That’sbecauseshe/heprobablyknowsthatproductivityisoneofthemainfactorsbolstering（supporting）acompany’sgrowth.AndarecentpollshowsthatworkersaremostproductiveonTuesdays!

　　Accountemps,anemploymentagency,conductedanationalsurveyofofficemanagers,whichshowsthatbythemiddleoft