高考英语名词性从句精讲精练课件补差.docx
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高考英语名词性从句精讲精练课件补差
高考英语精
讲精练课件
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1名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句
主语从句在句中做------宾语从句在句中做------
主语
宾语
表语从句在句中做------同位语从句在句中-----
表语同位语
1.Thathewillcomeiscertain主语从句
2.Iknowthathewillcome.
宾语从句
3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere表语从句
4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.
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2
同位语从句1.为什么叫名词性从句?
名词能做的成分,从句都能做
整个从句相当于一个名词
_______________________从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多
2.为什么要有名词性从句?
比较:
Themanlookedaround.那人看了看四周.名词作主语
Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.
那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望从句作主语
同样作主语,从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质
Iknowhim.
Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom
我知道他在房间里写作文.
从句的特征:
是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分that除外
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3从句thatwhetherwhowhomwhose主语从句
引导词:
whatwhichwhenwherewhyhow
位于句首
1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoallThat无词义,不可省略
他懂英语,这一点大家都知道
Details
2.WhatsurprisedmewastoseehimhereWhat“什么”,“所….的”
令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.
Details
3.Whenhewillcomeisunknown他什么时候来不清楚.When“什么时候”
Details
4.Whetherheiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch
他来不来没什么要紧的
Details
主语从句不用if
5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.
他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密主语太长了!
放到句尾
主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It
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4It作主语的常用句型有:
1.It+be+形容词+that从句
2.It+be+名称词组duty/pity..+that从句
3.It+be+过去分词said/thought..+that从句
4.It+不及物动词seem/happen..+that从句
1.真可惜我们不能去游泳Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.
2.碰巧那天我外出了.
happen只有it句型
IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.
3.他考试肯定会考好.
Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.
4.据说他已告诉了她一切.
Itissaid只有it句型
Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.
More
注意:
Itlookedthathewasright.×可以说:
Itlooksasif….
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5用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构
1.Itisclearnecessary,important,possible,remarkable
that…很清楚（必要,重要,可能,值得注意等…
2.Itisafactagoodthing,goodnews…that…事实是
好事是,好消息是……
3.Itiswell-knownreported,recorded,estimated,said,
believedthat…众所周知据报道,,据记载,据说,据估
计…
4.Itturnsoutseems,happens,appears…that…结果
是似乎是,碰巧是,好象是……
5.Ithasbeenfoundhasbeenproved,canbeseen,must
bepointedoutthat…已发现已证明,可以看出,需指
出…
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6用it句型翻译:
1.据说今年高一学生要学新教材.
ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtext
→thisyear.
2.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.
Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.
→
√
3.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.
→Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.
4.众所周知,比尔?
盖茨是世界上最富有的人.
Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.
→
5.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.
Itisimportantthatweshouldformagoodhabitofstudying.
→√
Note:
Itisimportant/necessary/natural/ourduty/essential/strangethatsbshoulddosth.固定句型,should可以省略
翻译:
真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.
Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday.
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7
strange不省略should为好表语从句从句同主语从句11个,外加asif/
引导词:
asthough,
系动词后面
1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.
实际情况是他从未去过农村that一般不省略
2.ThequestioniswhetherwcanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.
问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验表语从句不用if
3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorainasif/asthough从句常表示
不真实的情况
好象看上去要下雨似的其实不会
Shetalksasif/asthoughshehadbeentherebefore
又比如:
她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的
4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhatitwasbefore.
这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.whatthethingthat
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8
More注意下列表语从句中where,how,why的译法
固定句型:
1.ThisiswhereLuXunoncelivedThisiswhere…
这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方
这就是…的地方
2.ThatwashowtheywonthematchThisiswhy…
这就是…的原因
他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的Thisishow….
3.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.
这就是…的方法
这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.
1.我们就是这样克服困难的.
Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.
2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.
Thisis总是现在时
Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.
Thatis表示性质
3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.
Thatwas指过去动作
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9
ThisiswherewemetlastSunday宾语从句
宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不
能省略:
（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作
宾语时,第二个that不能省;
（2）当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。
（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthat
shewasworried?
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharder
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10
thantheothersdo.whether与if的辨用表“是否”时,在下列情况下用whether。
a.主语从句
b.表语从句
c.同位语从句
e.介词后的宾语从句
f.后接动词不定式whethertodosth.
g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从
句时不用if
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112.注意whether和if的使用区别
1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句
a..当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用ifeg:
Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.
b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用ifeg:
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.
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12Practicetime
if/whether
if/whether
1.Iaskedher__________shehada
bike.
whether
3.We’reworriedabout________heis
safe.
whether/if
4.Idon’tknow___________heiswell
ornot.
whether
5.Idon’tknow________ornotheis
well.
whether
8.Idon’tknow_______togo
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13doubt问题
1.Idoubtif/whetherhewill
肯定句中用if/whether
passtheexam2.Idon’tdoubtthatwewill
否定句中用that
winthematch.
3.Doyoudoubtthathedidit
疑定句中用that
onhisown1.Idoubt_________heif/whetheristellingthetruththat
2.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedoutthat
3.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustriaif/whether
4.I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.
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14that从句只跟在except,but,宾语从句经常做介词的宾语in,besides,save五个介词后面
1.TheSwedestoodstill,except_____hithatslipsmovedslightlywhat
2.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith____shehasachievedhow
3.Maryalwaysthinksof____shecandomorefortheclasswhoever
4.Hewrotealetterofthanksto______helpedhim.任何一个
介词后面不用if
5.Itdependsoniwfwheethaherveweehanoughtveenoughtime.imewhatyouhavedone?
6.Areyousorryforwhichyouhavedone?
M
介词后面不用which宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语
此类表语形容词有:
afraidpleasedhappy
1.I’mafraidthatI’llbelate
satisfiedanxioussure
我恐怕要迟到了that可以省略
surprisedcertainglad
2.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.
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15
aware用它们造句
我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.从句后移
Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob宾语宾补
IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.
我认为学好英
语是必要的.
it不能漏
IconsideritnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell
considerfindthinkfeelmake等动词常带宾语补足
语,这时要用形式宾语it,宾语从句放到宾补之后
1.Wethinkthatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeign
languagepossible改用形式宾语it
Wethinkitpossiblethatmiddleschoolstudentsmaster
oneforeignlanguage.
2Wehavemadethataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponin
thestruggleoflifeclear.改用形式宾语it
Wehavemadeitclearthataforeignlanguageisuseful
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16
Morecorrection
which不做介词宾语
1.Theemperorwaspleasedbywwhihacththeministertoldhimaboutit.
that不做介词宾语
2.Areyousorryforthatyouhaveannoyedhim?
itnecessarythatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetime
3.Ifindthatthisshouldbekeptsecretforthetimebeingnecessary.
being
4.Canyoudoubtifshewillsucceed?
thatshewillsucceed5.Iworriedaboutifmybrotherwillreturnintime.
whethermybrotherwillreturnintime.
6.Shesaidthatshehahadsnevertoldalie.
从句缺少引导词
willleaveforParis?
7.WillyoutellmewhenheleavesforParis?
ThatourfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus
8.OurfootballteamwonthematchlastSundayexcitedallofus.
Itseemed
9.Itlookedthathewaswellpreparedfortheunexpectedchallenge.
没有Itlookthat…表达式
What
10Thathesaidmovedeveryonepresent.
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17
that不做句子成分被修饰词有:
fact,news,hope,opinion,order,
同位语从句
question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,
discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,
同位语从句说
明它们的内容
thought,suggestion,plan,idea…
常见引导词:
that,whetherif,how,wh-疑问词
1.Thefactthatdeedsarebetterthanwordsisquiteclear.
事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.
that无词义
2.ThequestionhowIdiditishardtoanswer.
我怎么做的这一问题难回答.
3.Theyhadnoideawheretheyshouldgotofindsomefood.
他们根本不知去哪儿找食物
4.Thequestionwhetherhecomesornotisnotimportantif
他是否来这个问题不重要.
5.Athoughtcametomethathemightbeinthelibrary.
我突然想到他可能在图书馆被别的词隔开
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181.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefact
_______
________________________________________worriestheirparentsandteachersalot.
______Thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.
2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitin
______________________________________________China./Weheardthenewslastnight.
_________
______
WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenof
Englandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.
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193.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./
_____________________________________________
_______ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.
ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagers
shouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline.
4.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffor
____________________theidea.
________
Thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravel
ispossible.
5.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./
__________________________________________
Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especially
____________
kidsinschool.
ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegiven
morefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.
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20一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处
1、两种从句都可以译成定语e.gThenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatch
isencouraging.（同位语从句）
我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。
Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.
（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。
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212、两种从句都可以用that引导
e.gThesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearn
somethingpracticalisworthconsidering（同位语从句）
学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。
Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringis
thatthestudentsshouldlearnsomething
practical.
（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学
些实用的东西。
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22二、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处
1、从句的作用不同:
同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。
e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswont
升级会员 