论阿Q正传中汉语文化负载词的翻译.docx

论阿Q正传中汉语文化负载词的翻译.docx

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论阿Q正传中汉语文化负载词的翻译

学科分类号：

050201

湖南人文科技学院

本科生毕业论文

题目（中文）：

论《阿Q正传》中汉语文化负载词的英译

（英文）：

OnEnglishTranslationofChineseCulture-loadedWordsinAhQZhengZhuan

学生姓名邹镜如学号：

07403315

系部：

外语系

专业年级：

英语专业2007级

指导教师（姓名）：

禹逸群

（职称）：

讲师

湖南人文科技学院教务处

OnEnglishTranslationofChineseCulture-loaded

WordsinAhQZhengZhuan

ByZouJingru

May9,2011

内容摘要

随着语言、文化和翻译的关系越来越密切，翻译已不再被单纯的看作是从一种语言向另一种语言的转化,而是成为了两种文化交流的桥梁。

文化负载词是展示国家文化的最活跃的语言单位，是跨文化交流中的一大障碍，因此文化负载词的翻译研究对跨文化交流有着非常重要的作用。

《阿Q正传》是鲁迅的代表作，其中出现了大量汉语文化负载词，反映了中国当时社会的各种文化风貌。

基于奈达提出的在进行跨文化交际过程中需要注意的五种次文化，《阿Q正传》中的文化负载词也可相应地分为：

生态文化负载词、物质文化负载词、社会文化负载词、宗教文化负载词及语言文化负载词。

目的论是上个世纪九十年代引进中国的翻译理论，它是翻译功能理论的核心及翻译领域中的一个大突破，由目的原则，连贯原则和忠实原则组成，主张译者对翻译方法的选择取决于译者的翻译目的。

杨宪益夫妇翻译《阿Q正传》的目的是弘扬中国文化，在文化负载词的翻译中采取了异化为主的翻译策略，力图保留和传递中国文化内涵、引领西方读者向源语文本作者靠拢，同时基于连贯原则也采用了向目的语读者靠拢的归化为辅的翻译策略。

随着跨文化交流的日益频繁，21世纪已成为文化全球化时期，面对其他各国文化纷纷涌入中国，我们应竭力保持中国文化的特色，并力图将中国文化推向世界，因此异化应成为翻译汉语文化负载的主要策略。

关键词：

汉语文化负载；目的论；异化；归化

Abstract

Astherelationshipbetweenlanguage,cultureandtranslationbecomesincreasinglyclose,translationisregardednotonlyasatransformationfromonelanguagetoanotherbutalsoacommunicationbridgebetweentwocultures.Culture-loadedwordsarethemostactivelanguageunittodisplaythenationalculture.Itisalsoagreatbarrierincross-culturalcommunication,sotheresearchontranslatingculture-loadedwordsisverysignificant.

AhQZhengZhuanisafamousworkofLuXun.Inthisnovelthereareabundantculture-loadedwordsreflectingalltheculturalaspectsofthatperiodinChina.Basedonthefivetypesofsub-cultureproposedbyEuqeneNida,theculture-loadedwordsinAhQZhengZhuancanbeclassifiedinto:

ecological,material,social,religiousandlinguisticculture-loadedwords.

Skopostheoryisarelativelynewtranslationtheory,broughtintoChinainthe1990s,whichisthecoreoffunctionalisttheoryandabreakthroughforthetranslation.Itconsistsofskoposrule,coherenceruleandfidelityrule,holdingthatthetranslatingpurposedeterminesthetranslatingstrategiesusedbythetranslator.ThepurposeofMr.YangandhiswifetranslatingAhQZhengZhuanistopromoteChineseculture,sotheytakeforeignizationasthemaintranslationstrategyaimingtoretainanddeliverChinesetraditionalculture,leadingwesternreadersclosetotheauthorofthesourcetextandbasingontheprincipleofcontinuity,theyalsotaketarget-cultureorienteddomesticationasthecomplementarytranslatingstrategy.Withthedevelopmentofcross-culturalcommunication,21centuryisatimeofculturalglobalization.AsvariousculturesofothercountrieshavefloodedintoChina,itisnecessarytoretainthecharacteristicsofChinesecultureandmakeeveryefforttoexpandChineseculturetotheworld.ThereforeforeignizationshouldbethemaintranslatingstrategywhentranslatingChineseculture-loadedwords.

KeyWords：

Chineseculture-loadedwords;Skopostheory;Foreignization;Domestication

Contents

Introduction1

1Culture-loadedWords3

1.1TheRelationshipBetweenLanguageandCulture.....................................................3

1.2CharacteristicsofCulture-loadedWords4

2TheClassificationofCulture-loadedWordsinAhQZhengZhuan7

2.1EcologicalCulture-loadedWords7

2.2MaterialCulture-loadedWords8

2.3SocialCulture-loadedWords10

2.4ReligiousCulture-loadedWords11

2.5LinguisticCulture-loadedWords12

3TanslationofCulture-loadedWordsinAhQZhengZhuanfromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheory14

3.1DefinitionandBasicPrinciplesofSkoposTheory14

3.2ThePurposeoftheYangs’TranslationofAhQZhengZhuan16

3.3TranslatingStrategiesintheYangs’TranslationofAhQZhengZhuan17

3.4MainTranslatingMethodsintheYangs’EnglishVersionofAhQZhengZhuan20

3.4.1Transliteration21

3.4.2LiteralTranslation22

3.4.3FreeTranslation23

3.4.4Substitution25

3.4.5Explanation26

Conclusion28

Notes30

References31

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Translationfromculturalperspectiveattractsincreasingattentionandmoreandmorepeoplerealizethatculturalproblemseemstobethebiggestobstacleforasuccessfultranslation,especiallythetranslationofculture-loadedwords,whichhasbecomeoneofthemostpopularanddifficultprobleminmanytranslators’eyes.Anumberofscholarshavedonerelevantresearchesonthetranslationofculture-loadedwords.MuLeiattemptstolookforsomeeffectivemethodstodealwithculturaldifferencesinthetranslationofidiomsbetweenChineseandEnglishinlightofreceptionaestheticismandconcludesthatatranslatorshouldretainculture-specificimagesofthesourcetextandtransplantthemintothetargettextasmuchaspossible.[1]TuGuoyuanholdsthatcompromiseandcompensationastwotranslationapproachesarenecessaryandindispensableinordertoachievefaithfulnesstotheoriginalculturalinformationononehandandreadabilityofthetranslationtothetargetreaderontheotherhand.[2]GuoJianzhongsuggeststhattargetlanguageculture-orienteddomesticationandsourcelanguageculture-orientedforeignizationarebothjustifiedintheirownrightandcanplaytheirrespectiverolesintranslationofculture-loadedwords.[3]Howeveralloftheseresearchesdonotgiveusaclearanswerwhatshouldbethemaintranslatingmethodsofculture-loadedwords,foreignizationordomesticationandtheseresearcheslackoftheguidanceofgoodtranslatingtheories.

Theskopos,whichwasinitiatedbyHansJ.Vermeer,playsakeyroleinthefunctionalapproaches.Itholdsthattranslationstrategiesandmethodsareprobablydeterminedbythetranslationpurpose.YinFengliwhoisfromZhejiangNormalUniversityonceusedskopostheorytoresearchthetranslationofChineseculture-loadedwordsinLinYutang’sSixChaptersofaFloatingLife,concludingthatundertheguidanceofinformativepurposesandeconomicalmotivations,Linprimarilyadopteddomesticatingstrategytolettargetlanguagereaderscouldbeabletoeasilyandsoundlyacceptthetargettext.[4]

AhQZhengZhuanisafamousworkofLuXun,whichincludesabundantChineseculture-loadedwords.ThereforeitisanexcellentworkfortheresearchesonthetranslationstrategiesofChineseculture-loadedwords.ThisarticlewillstudythetranslationstrategiesofChineseculture-loadedwordsintheMrYangXianyi’sEnglishtranslationofAhQZhengZhuanundertheguidanceofskopostheory,whichwillbringadifferentviewonthetranslationofChineseculture-loadedwordscomparedwiththeYinFengli’sresearchinLinYutang’sSixChaptersofaFloatingLife.

1Culture-loadedWords

Peopleinspecificdistrictusuallyhavespecificculture.Languageisthemirrorofculture,whichmeansthatdifferentnationswithdifferentlanguagesoftenhavedifferentcultures.Culture-loaedwordsareaneffectiveexample.Withtheirdifferentculturalelements,culture-loadedwordsoftenpresentobstaclesintranslationandcomprehension.Hereboththerelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureandthecharacteristicsofculture-loadedwordsarediscussed,whichwillhelphaveagoodunderstandingofculture-loadedwords.

1.1TheRelationshipBetweenLanguageandCulture

Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture.AccordingtoNida,“sincecultureisdefinedsuccinctlyas‘thetotalityofbeliefsandpracticesofsociety’,nothingisofgreaterstrategicimportancethanthelanguagethroughwhichitsbeliefsareexpressedandtransmittedandbywhichmostinteractionofitsmemberstakesplace”.[5]

Languageisanessentialandimportantpartofagivenculture.TheChineseispartofChinesecultureandEnglishispartofEnglishculture.Thereisnoculturethathasnolanguageasitspart.Languageisalsothecarrierofculture,andonlythroughcommunicationcanwegettoknowandthenunderstandpeopleofotherculturesandtheworldaroundus.Adistrict’scultureisdescribedandstoredinlanguageandlanguagecanrepresentanyaspectsofculture.SusanBassnettoncecomparedlanguagetotheheartsurroundedbycultureasbody.[6]Inaddition,culturehasastrongandindispensableimpactonlanguage.Forexample,thenumberofkinshiptermsinChineseandEnglish.InancientChina,thekinshiprelationshipwasveryimportant.Peoplepreferredtolargeandextendedfamilies,sotherearemanyandwell-developedsystemofkinshipterms.ButinEnglishspeakingcountriesindependenceishighlyvalued.Parentsonlylivewiththeirundergrownchildren.Naturallyagreatnumberofkinshiptermsarenotnecessary.

Soitcanbeconcludedthatlanguageandculturearecloselyconnectedwitheachother.Languageistheproductofculture,andmeanwhilelanguagereflectsanddevelopsculture.Therefore,duringtranslation,thetranslatorsmustattachthesameimportancetobothlanguageandculturaldifferences.

1.2CharacteristicsofCulture-loadedWords

Manyscholarshaveputforwarddifferentdefinitionsforculture-loadedwords.InMonaBaker’sexpressions,“thesource-languagewordmayexpressaconceptwhichistotallyunknowninthetargetculture.Theconceptinquestionmaybeabstractorconcrete;itmayrelatetoareligiousbelief,asocialcustom,oratypeoffood.Suchconceptsareoftenreferredtoas‘culture-specific’”.[8]Nomatterhowmanyversionsthereareaboutculture-loadedwords,actuallytheyrefertothesamekindofwords,namely,wordsthatcarryculturalmeaning.Culture-loadedwordshavethreecharacteristicsfromthepointofassociativemeaning,i.e.uniqueculture,differentassociationandadditionalmeaning.

Differentdistrictsandcountriesoftenhavedifferenthistories,customsandenvironments,sousuallythereareanumberofwordswithlo