完整版真题英语一docx.docx

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完整版真题英语一docx

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsare

availableonoursmartphones.

Iofusjustwalkstraightinto

the

woodswithoutaphone.But

phones2

onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize,3

yougetlostwithout

aphoneoracompass,andyou

4cantfindnorth,afewtrickstohelp

younavigate_5to

civilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell

6atrail,butnotinacompletely

7

area,youhaveto

answertwo

questions:

Which8

isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearest

watersource?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater._9,if

youheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,youshould10see

1

signsofpeople

Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe11

howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyour

bearings.

Another12Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.

13evenindense

fores,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andother

pathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atmight

canthehorizonfor17lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,then

walktowardtheglow

oflightpollution.

18,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19we

leaveonthelandscape.Trailblazestiretracks.andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.

1.

[A]Some[B]Most

[C]Few

[D]All

2.

[A]put

[B]take

[C]run

[D]come

3.

[A]Since

[B]If

[C]Though[D]until

4.

[A]Formally

[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

2

5.

[A]back

[B]next

[C]around

[D]away

6.

[A]onto

[B]off

[C]across

[D]alone

7.

[A]unattractive

[B]uncrowded

[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site

[B]point

[C]way

[D]place

9.

[A]So

[B]Yet

[C]Instead

[D]Besides

lO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

11.

[A]surprised

[B]annoyed

[C]frightened

[D]confused

12.

[A]problem

[B]option

[C]view

[D]result

13.

[A]

Aboveall

[B]Incontrast[C]On

average

[D]

For

example

14.

[A]bridge

[B]avoid

[C]spot

[D]separate

15.

[A]form

[B]through

[C]beyond

[D]Under

16.

[A]posts

[B]links

[C]shades

[D]breaks

17.

[A]artificial

[B]mysterious

[C]hidden

[D]limited

18.

[A]

Finally

[B]Consequently

[C]Incidentally

[D]

Generally

19.

[A]memories

[B]marks

[C]notes

[D]belongings

20.

[A]restrict

[B]adopt

[C]lead

[D]expose

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,Answerthequestionseachtextby

3

choosingAB.CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.

Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed1oyearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis"clawback"ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies.

saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassical

economics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike"Childrenwho

picktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain.henoteshas

4

droppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemand

highquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinlone-termresearch

ortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterly

capitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruse

ofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."Thereseemstobea

predominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-term

investing,”saidCommissioner

DanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodefer

performancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce"short-termism."InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart"ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"long-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcode

5

andquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompany

investmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivesto

thinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleis

the

A.enhancebankers'senseofresponsibilityBhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofitsC.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulationD.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofitsB.governmentsimpatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompaniesD."short-termism"ineconomicactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpublic

6

companiescanbe

A.inditedB.adverseC.minimalDtemporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrateA.theobstaclestopreventing"short-termism.

B.thesignificanceorlongtermthinking.

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism.D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutivesD.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade-pointaverages）overthepast

fewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhich

studentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce-apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalledgradeforgiveness"-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichthey

7

receivedalowgrade,and

themostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsin

calculatingastudent's

overallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinueto

dotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgradationrates.

Whenthispracticefirstarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethema

secondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-level

courses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,and

evengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegrade

itselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramand

gradationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."Untimely."saidJackMine,OhioStateUniversity's

registrar."weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakea

8

courseanddobetterin

subsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescollegesownneedsaswell.For

publicinstitutionsstatefindsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchas

graduationratesandstudentretentionsobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,mean

moremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudentswho,attheendoftheday

arepayingthebill-feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuition

dollars,whichisanotherbig

concernforcolleges.

Indeedgradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'

expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltotumoutgradateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-or

atleastappeartobe.Onthis,students'andcolleges’incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

9

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.StudentsindifferencetoGPAS.

CCollegesneglectofGPAS.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

27.WhatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgivenessA.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincollegesgraduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.

28.AccordingtoParagraph5.gradeforgivenessenablescolleges