employment of graduates.docx

employment of graduates.docx

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employmentofgraduates

姚士冬吴泽伟裴佳陈紫玉

0.Introduction……………………………………………………………………………03

1.1Rationale……………………………………………………………………03

1.2Aim…………………………………………………………………………03

1.Presentsituationofgraduateemployment……………………………03

1.3Theemploymentofdifferentmajorsanddifferedteducation………………04

1.4Employmentofmaleandfemaleofcollegestudents………………………04

1.4.1Thejobsmostfemalestudentschoose………………………………05

1.5Differentregionshavedifferentemployment………………………………05

2.Reasons………………………………………………………………………06

1.6Objectivereasons……………………………………………………………06

1.6.1Theworldeconomicslowdown……………………………………06

2.1.2Demandforcommunitycollegestudentsdeviation…………………06

2.1.3Over-supplyofuniversitystudents…………………………………07

2.1.4Notenoughunderstandingbetweenstudentsandenterprises………07

2.2Subjectivereasons……………………………………………………………08

2.2.1Lackofpersonalcapacity……………………………………………08

2.2.2Students’highpersonalexpectations…………………………………08

2.2.3Studentsdonothaveastrongsenseofcareerplanning………………09

3.Solutionstograduates’employmentproblems……………………10

3.1Promoteeconomicdevelopment…………………………………………10

3.2Legislatetonormalizethejobmarket……………………………………10

3.3Strengthentheguidanceofcollegestudents’employment………………11

3.4Encouragecollegestudentstostarttheirownbusinesses………………11

3.5Enhancetheemployabilityandcompetitiveness.………………………12

3.6Furtherstudies.…………………………………………………………13

3.7Establishlong-termmechanism……………………………………………13

Method……………………………………………………………………………14

Results……………………………………………………………………………14

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………15

References…………………………………………………………………………16

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………17

0.1Rationale

Now,graduateemploymenthasbecomeasocialproblem.Thegovernmentandthecommunityhavepaidgreatattentiontothesituation.Inrecentyears,undertheseriousemploymentsituation,collegestudentshavenotthoughtofastheso-called"favored".MinistryofEducation'senrollmentandtheeconomiccrisisof2008havegreatlyincreasedthepressureonstudents’employment;moststudentsareconcernedaboutthefateoftheirfuture.

Collegestudentsshouldalsoenhanceself-awarenesstoknowtheneedsofthecommunityandgathervarioustypesofemploymentinformation,andlearnexpertiseintheuniversitytoenhancetheirabilitytoadapttothecruelcompetitivesociety.

0.2Aim

Thispaperaimstoenablestudentstounderstandthecurrentemploymentsituation.Ontheanalysisofthecausesofthesesituationsandtoprovidestudentswithsomecorrespondingmeasuresandenablestudentstohaveclearobjectives,putintoactionandmakegooduseofuniversitytimesoastolayasolidfoundationforthefuture.

Collegestudentsarenowinaverygrimemploymentsituation.TheILOnotedthattheleveloftheworldeconomyhasshowedsignsofrecovery.However,astheglobaldemandforconsumergoodsandserviceswasstilllow,employerstendtoextendtheworkinghoursofexistingstaffratherthanhireadditionalhands.Asaresult,inshortterm,theunemploymentrateintheworldwillcontinuetomaintainahighlevel.Thiseconomiccrisisnotonlyaffectedtheworldeconomybutalsohasbroughtstudentswhostarttoenterworkingfieldinschoolsaconsiderableimpact.Whatshouldwegofromhere?

NationalUniversityenrollment,thestudentshavingthedifficultproblemofemploymentisanindisputablephenomenon,andtheremaybeatrendtowardsmoreandmoredifficulties.

In2007,thenumberofnationalcollegegraduatesis495million,anincreaseofmorethan82millionpeoplein2006.Graduatesareuptothetotalandincrementalyear.UptoSeptember1,2007,theemploymentnumberofgraduatesis351million.Though54millionmorethanlastyear,therearestillabout1.44millioncollegegraduatesfailedtogetjobs

    Resultsshowedthat,onthewhole,despitetheprominentcontradictionsinemploymentinrecentyears,butwiththeeffortsofalllevelsofgovernmentandallsectorsofsociety,especiallyafterseriesofpolicymeasureswereintroduced,theemploymentofgraduateshasmadeabigprogress.

major

Employmentrate（%）

averagemonthlyearnings

（yuan）

engineering

90

2,208

management

89

2,160

economics

88

2,266

……

……

……

education

84

1,968

medicine

82

1710

law

79

2010

philosophy

76

2112

1.1Theemploymentofdifferentmajorsanddifferenteducation

 Aswecansee,in2009,theemploymentrateofengineeringrankedthefirstandphilosophythe

last.Whiletheaveragemonthlyearningofeconomicswashigherthanthatofengineering.

ThoughthefinancialcrisisseriouslyimpactedtheChinesemarket,ithadlittleinfluenceontheemploymentofengineering.Andpetroleumengineeringhadthebestemploymentsituation.

ChineseAcademyofPersonnelSciencepublished"Talentreport"expectedthat,by2010,China'stertiaryindustryinserviceisshortoftalentsandexpectedtoreach325million,whichisthoughttobethelargestsectortoexpandjobs.In2010,CivilAviation,machinery,materials,actuary,thesetypesofprofessionalnursingorrelatedfieldarereallyhotandpromising.

Advantageofgraduateemploymentisnotoutstanding.Collegegraduates“hasbeensigned"and"intenthasbeensignedbutthereisno"ratiois49.16%,undergraduates65.52%of,postgraduates66.66%.Collegegraduatesandundergraduatesexpectedtopay1,000-2,000Yuanamonthandonly19.77%and25.31%ofthesurveywillbe2000yuan-3000dollarsastheirsalaryexpectations;whilethemajorityofpostgraduateswillbeacceptedstartingsalaryof2,000-3,000yuan.Althoughthereasonsforthisphenomenonpartlyresultfromthepressureofthetalentmarket,andemployersfortheimproperuseoftalent,butit’srootedinthesimilarcharacteristicsamongcurrentgraduatestudents,undergraduatesandjuniorcollegestudents.Thephenomenonofhigh-educatedpeopletakingupthejobsoflow-educatedpeople,inessence,isindicatedtheissuesofemploymentquality.

1.2employmentofmaleandfemaleofcollegestudents

AccordingtotheresearchfromBeijinguniversityinstituteforpublicpolicy,withthegovernmenttyinghardtoeliminatethediscriminationinemploymentandstrengthentheequalemploymentpolicy,genderdifferencesstillexistsintheprocessofapply,butthedegreehasreducedgreatly.However,themalecangethigheraverageearnings,thefemalegetlowerandco

mparedwithlastyearthegaphasbecomelargerinrecentyears.Thefemalearestillunderhugepressurethoughtheycangetnearstartingearnings（1000~3000）withmalewhenapplyingjobs.

InternationalLabourOrganizationpublished"Womeninthelabormarket:

tomeasureprogressandidentifychallenges."Reportthat,despitetheincreasingnumberofwomenwalkoutofthehouse,intotheworkplace,buttoaddressgenderequalityinemploymentisstillalongwaytogo

1.2.1Thejobsmostfemalecollegestudentschoose

Fromtheperspectiveofhumanphysiology,girlsarenaturallygoodatperceptualthinking,menarelogicalthinkingability.Assuchdifferencesappearedwhenathighschools,boystendtochoosescienceandgirlsarts.Girls’talentslikelanguagetalent,patienceandsoonmakethemtheheroinsomemajors

Mostfemaleundergraduatesaremorelikelytobetourguides,assistances,accountants,secretaries,teachers,copyeditorsandteachersandsoon.Butnowmorefemalearestepintothefieldsthatwasregardedmen-only,suchaslawyer,engineerandgovernmentleaderetc.Femalehasplayedavitalpartinthemodernsociety.comparedwithboys,girlspracticeskillsareweaker.Butwiththedevelopmentofsocietyandstrengtheningoffemale’sself-worth,thegaphaslargelyreduced.

1.3Differentregionshavedifferentemployment

Hugeeconomicgapbetweeneastandwestisstillthemostimportantfactoraffectingcareerchoiceofstudents.Moststudentssaidtheircareerchoiceinfluencedbypublicopinion.Studentsinsixtieswereencouragetotheplacewhereareunderdeveloped,andin80'scollegestudentstendtochooseworkinginvariousministriesandagencies.Nowadays,inthepursuitofmaterialbenefits,studentspaymoreattentiontotherealizationofindividualvalueandfuturedevelopment.

FudanUniversityInstituteofHumanResourceManagementdidaresearchon12collegestudentsinShanghaitostudytheenvironmentalfactorswhichwillimpactthestudents’careerchoices.Thesurveyshowedthat85.46percentofthestudentschooseBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,andShenzhenasthe"idealemploymentareas";andthenumberofstudentswhoseoptionsarecoastalcitiesaccountedforabouthalfoftheinvestigation.Whilestudentswhoarewillingtoregardinlandprovincesandcitiesareaasidealplacesofemploymentaccountonlyfor20.44percent.Studentswhohopetoworkinthewesterndevelopmentregionandthetalentshortageandeconomicallybackwardregionsonlytakeup4.98%and3.48%.

·

2.1Objectivereasons

Employmentdifficultyofcollegestudentsisduetomanyreasons.Amongthese,theincreasingrecruitmentofcollegesanduniversitiesplaysavitalrole.Inaddition,manycollegesanduniversitiesfailtoadapttheircoursestothedevelopmentofeconomy.Collegestudentsarelackoftrainingsandinternshipopportunitiesbeforetheyenterthesociety.

·2.1.1Theworldeconomicslowdown

ThemajoreconomiccrisisthatoriginatedintheUSin2008alsoaffectsChina.Amidtheglobalfinancialcrisis,China'seconomyhasbeendecliningatasurprisingspeedsincelastsummerandtensofthousandsofforeign-investedcompaniesintheeasternprovinces,suchasGuangdongandZhejiang,collapsedwithmillionsofpeoplelosingtheirjobs.

EmploymentinChinahasplumme