一般过去时的用法及结构.docx
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一般过去时的用法及结构
一般过去时的用法及结构
1. 一般过去时的基本用法
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, last night, in 2003, two days ago等。
【举例】 I got up at 6:
30 yesterday. 我昨天6:
30起床。
My father was very busy last week. 我父亲上周很忙。
2. 一般过去时的基本结构
⑴ 肯定句“主语+动词过去式+其他”或者“主语+was/were+其他”。
【举例】 I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。
My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。
⑵ 否定句“主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他”或“主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他”。
【举例】 The girl didn’t play computer games yesterday afternoon.
~
这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。
Old Henry wasn’t happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。
⑶ 一般疑问句“Did+主语+动词原形+其他”
肯定回答为“Yes,主语+did”,
否定回答为“No,主语+didn’t”或者“Was/Were+主语+其他”
肯定回答为“Yes,主语+was/were”,
否定回答为“No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t”。
【举例】— Did you go to the beach 你们去海滩了吗
— Yes, we did./No, we didn’t. 是的,我们去了。
/不,我们没有。
— Was your weekend OK 你的周末过得还行吧
— Yes, it was./No, it wasn’t. 是的,还行。
/不,不行。
~
⑷ 特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(顺序)
【举例】— What did Li Lei do last weekend 李雷上周末干什么了
— He visited his grandparents. 他去看了他的祖父母。
— Where were you yesterday 你昨天在哪儿
— I was at home. 我在家里。
为了便于记忆行为动词(实义动词)的一般过去时用法及结构,我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆:
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。
谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志。
否定形式很简单,主语之后didn’t添。
谓语动词要还原。
疑问构成有规则,主语前面加did。
过去式的构成
be动词和实义动词过去式的构成:
⑴ 系动词be 的过去式有两种形式:
was 和were。
其中was 是am和is的过去式,were 是are的过去式。
⑵ 规则动词过去式的构成:
(
①一般在动词末尾加—ed。
【举例】walk→walked play→played
②以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加—d 。
【举例】love→loved decide→decided
③结尾是“辅音字母+y ”的动词。
先将y 变为i,再加—ed 。
【举例】study→studied carry→carried
④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写该辅音字母,再加—ed 。
【举例】stop→stopped plan→planned
规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆:
过去式构成有规律,一般词尾加—ed 如果词尾有个e(不发音的),只需直接加上—d 。
“辅音字母+y ”在词尾,变y为i加—ed 。
“一辅重闭”作尾巴,双写之后加—ed 。
随堂练习:
一.写出下列动词的过去式。
~
/is ________ _______ ________ _______
’t _________ 6. aren’t ________
________ _______ _______
二.用适当的词完成下列对话。
1.— How was your weekend — It ______ great.
— What _______ you ______ last weekend — I _______ some homework.
2.— What ______ she ______ last weekend — She _______ to the beach.
3.— What _______ they do last weekend — They ________ to the movies.
三.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night.
____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday.
^
you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year
4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday
old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor.
________ (have) a party last night.
__________ (visit) the museum and went home.
8.— How _______ (be) the students — They were very friendly.
often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school.
had great fun _______ (play) in the water.
made me ______ (feel) very happy.
12.— ______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine — No, he didn’t.
_________(buy) a guitar yesterday.
—
四.句型转换。
1. He came here last month. (改为否定句) He _______ _______ here last month.
2..They played football this morning. (改为一般疑问句并作简略回答) —______ they _______ football this morning —Yes, they _______./No, they _________ .
3.They went to Beijing last year. (就划线部分提问)
_________ _________ they ________ last year.
4.Tom watched TV last night. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ Tom _______ TV last night
5.Mary does homework every day. (用 last night 改写句子)
Mary ________ ____________ _________ ________ .
?
一般现在时的用法与结构
1、一般现在时的定义及构成
一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。
(1) be(am,is,are)动词:
(作谓语动词时) 肯定句:
主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其它。
如:
①I am a student.(主语+be动词+名词)
②They are hungry.(主语+be动词+形容词)
③He is out.(主语+be动词+副词)
>
④That pen is mine.(主语+be动词+代词)
⑤I am fifteen.(主语+be动词+数词)
⑥The bike is under the tree.(主语+be动词+介词短语) 运用am,is,are写三个句子
否定句:
主语+ be(am,is,are) + not +其它。
如:
He is not a worker.他不是工人。
运用am,is,are写三个句子
一般疑问句:
Be(am,is,are) +主语+其它。
如:
-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 运用am,is,are写三个句子
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:
Where is my bike 运用am,is,are写三个句子
特殊疑问句:
疑问词(what, where, who, when, which, whose, how, how many, how much, what shape,
《
what colour,),找句子中有没有be动词(is, am或者are)或情态动词或者助动词
(特殊疑问句:
疑问词+be动词(is, am或者are)或情态动词或者助动词+其他)
(2)行为动词:
主语+行为动词+(其它)。
(作谓语动词时) 1)主语不是第三人称单数时,
肯定句为:
主语+动词原形+其它
否定式为:
主语+don't+动词原形+其它
疑问句为:
Do+主语+动词原形+其它
. ①We speak Chinese.
②Do you speak Chinese ---Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
③They don't speak Chinese. 写三个句子
2)当主语是第三人称单数时:
(he,she,it,A/An,单独的人或事物:
Lily/book)
%
肯定句为:
主语+动词(词尾加s或es)+其它。
否定式为:
主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它.
疑问句式:
Does+主语+动词原形+其它
①He speaks English.
②He doesn't speaks English.
③- Does she go to work by bike Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 写三个句子
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:
How does your father go to work
3)动词+s的变化规则
(1)一般情况下,直接加-s,如:
cook-cooks, milk-milks
(2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:
guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
(3)以"辅音字母+y"结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:
study-studies
¥
(3)情态动词(作谓语动词时)(can,could,be able to,may,might,must,have to,need,shall,should,
will,would)时, 句子结构为:
肯定句:
主语+情态动词+动词原形。
否定句:
主语+情态动词+not+动词原形 一般疑问句;情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他
特殊疑问句:
疑问词+情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他
Eg:
① He can speak English.
② Can I help you What can I do for you
在实际应用中,一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),
once a week, on Sundays ……
例句:
He usually plays football on Sundays.
)
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
talk______forget______hope______stop______perform______play______say
buy______worry______fly______study_______like_______make______take__
love_______recite_______become_______come_______drive_______
二、句型转换
1. The children have a good time in the park.
否定句:
__________________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________________
对划线部分提问:
____________________________________
2. There is about nine hundred people at the concert.
》
否定句:
__________________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________________
对划线部分提问:
____________________________________
3. Ann does her homework yesterday evening.
否定句:
__________________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________________
对划线部分提问:
____________________________________
4. I read an English book.
否定句:
__________________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________________
肯定/否定回答:
____________________________________
{
对划线部分提问:
____________________________________
5. My brother is in the park just now.
否定句:
__________________________________________
一般疑问句:
________________________________________
对划线部分提问:
____________________________________
一般现在时第三人称单数句型转换练习
1. I go to school before 7:
00 in the morning.
( he ) __________________________________________________________
2. I always go shopping with my mum on Sunday.
( she ) __________________________________________________________
3.I sometimes play computer games after school on Sunday.
,
( he ) __________________________________________________________
4. I always take exercise after class on Monday.
( my mother )__________________________________________________________
一般过去时详细讲解与练习题
一、巧记一般过去时:
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;be用was或用were, have,has变had;
谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添;
疑问句也不难,did放在主语前; }不含be动词时
如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;
{
动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。
}含be动词时
疑问句也不难,要把was,were放在主语前。
2、be的一般过去时:
学习动词be的一般过去时,下面有一口诀,它可以帮你们更好地掌
握动词be的一般过去时。
be的过去时有四巧:
一是时间状语巧, 表示过去的短语要记牢;
二是形式巧,单数was,复数were;
三巧是否定句结构,not紧跟was/were;
四是疑问句式巧,was/were向前跑(提前)。
.
【一巧】时间状语(即标志词)巧。
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。
1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:
yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等;
2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语:
last night, last year (winter, month, week)等;
3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语:
a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等;
4. 其它:
just now等
5. 由某些表示过去时态的从句等。
【二巧】形式巧。
它与一般现在时一样,形式多样:
当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单 数时,谓语动词用was;主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。
例如:
I was in the classroom yesterday morning. 昨天早上我在教室里。
$
He was at school last Tuesday. 上周二他在学校。
They were over there a moment ago. 刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结构巧。
与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定 句,并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。
即:
主语 + wasn't/ weren't + 表语 + 其他。
例如:
I was not (=wasn't) here yesterday. 昨天我不在这儿。
My parents were not (=weren't) at home last Sunday. 上周日我父母不在家。
【四巧】 疑问句式巧。
《
把was, were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。
即:
Was(Were) + 主语 +表语 + 其他这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。
例如:
Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖ 前天你在家吗
Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗
更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+was/were.”;
否定回答用“No,主语+wasn't/weren't.”。
例如:
—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖ 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗
—Yes, they were. (No, they weren't.) 是的,她们在。
(不,她们不在。
)
一、单项选择:
从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
(10)
( )1. My father______ill yesterday.
…
A. isn't B. aren't C. wasn't D. weren't
( )2. ______your parents at home last week﹖
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
( )3. The twins______in Dalian last year.
They______here now.
A. are; were B. were; are C. was; are D. were; was
( )4. ______your father at work the day_____yesterday(前天)﹖
A. Was; before B. Is; before C. Was; after D. Is; after
( )5. —Who was on duty last Friday﹖
—______.
A. I am B. I was C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasn't
^
( )6. I cleaned my classroom ___________.
A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before ( ) 7. I came _______ my house two days ago .
A back on B back to C to back D back ( )
8 . ___________ He did some reading at home.
A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school
C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did yo