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英美文学资料
《英美文学》(03119)复习大纲
第一部分英国文学
一、课程简介
本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家;本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点,出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品;并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力,即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。
二、课程重点章节简介:
第一章:
古代与中世纪英国文学
1.<<贝尔武夫>>
2.乔叟及其代表作
第二章:
文艺复兴时期
1.文艺复兴的定义
2.萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗
3.培根的代表作
第三章:
十七世纪英国文学
1.弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<失乐园>>选短
第四章:
启蒙运动时期
1.新古典主义
2.伤感主义
3.笛福及代表作
4.蒲伯及代表作
第五章:
浪漫主义时期
1.浪漫主义时期文学的特点
2.彭斯的创作特点及代表作
3.华兹华斯的创作特点及代表作
4.拜伦诗歌的特点及代表作
第六章:
维多利亚时期
1.维多利亚时期的文学特点
2.布朗蒂姐妹的代表作
第七章:
现代时期
1.现代主义文学
2.汤姆斯.哈代创作特点及代表作
3.D.H.劳伦斯创作特点及代表作
三、本课程重点和难点内容简介
第一章:
古代与中世纪英国文学:
1.<<贝尔武夫>>简介及在英国文学史上的意义。
2.乔叟及其代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》对英国文学做出的贡献。
3.名词解释“骑士抒情诗”
第二章:
文艺复兴时期:
1.文艺复兴时期的时间界定
2.“文艺复兴”的名词解释
3.“人文主义”的名词解释
4.莎士比亚的“Sonnet18”的主题
5.哈姆雷特的性格分析
6.英语解释《论学习》中的句子
第三章:
十七世纪英国文学:
1.英语解释弥尔顿《失乐园》选段中的句子
2.《失乐园》的主要内容和意义
3.《失乐园》中撒旦的人物分析
第四章:
启蒙运动时期:
1.启蒙运动时期的界定
2.新古典主义的基本主张和特色
3.伤感主义的名词解释
4.《鲁滨逊漂流记》中鲁滨逊的人物分析
5.蒲伯的《论批评》的主题
6.英文解释《论批评》
第五章:
浪漫主义时期:
1.浪漫主义时期的界定及文学特点
2.彭斯的诗歌的特点及其诗作“红玫瑰”
3.华兹华斯和科勒律治合作的《抒情歌谣集》的重要意义
4.华兹华斯的诗歌特点
5.英文解释华兹华斯“我如行云独自游”中的句子
6.拜伦“致希腊”的主题并用英语解释其中句子
7.雪莱“西风颂”的主题并用英语解释其中句子
第六章:
维多利亚时期
1.维多利亚时期的文学特点
2.艾米莉。
布朗特的《呼啸山庄》的主题
3.夏洛特。
布朗特的《简。
爱》中简。
爱的人物分析
第七章:
现代时期
1.现代主义文学的特点
2.哈代的代表作及写作特点
3.劳伦斯小说的主题及人物分析
四、课程内容疏理及应用领域、应用讲解方法
I.OldandMedievalPeriod
1.TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(5thcentury–1066,theyearoftheNormanconquestofEnglish)
Beowulf:
ItisthefirstlongpoeminEnglish,whichisconsideredthenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople.AlthoughBeowulfisanationalepicoftheEnglishpeople,butitisastoryoftheScandinavians
2.TheAnglo–NormanPeriod
1)Themostprevailing(主要的)ofliteratureinthefeudalEnglandisRomance(骑士抒情诗).
名词解释:
Romance
---------RomanceisaliteratureforminmiddleEnglishliteraturemeansalongcompositioninverseorproseformdealingwiththelifeandadventuresofanoblehero,generallyaknight(骑士).Theknightsareunfailinglydevotedtothekingandthechurch.Theyarecommonlydescribedasridingforthtoseekadventures,involvinginalargeamountoffightingfortheirlordsandalwaysencounteringromanticloveaffairs.Inromances,loyaltytokingandlordisrepeatedlyemphasized.Romanceasaformofliterature,istheupperclassliterature.
2)GeoffreyChaucer–“thefatherofEnglishpoetry”and“thefatherofEnglishfiction"
Hismasterpiece–CanterburyTaleisregardedasoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature.
论述题:
BrieflyintroducethesignificanceofChaucerinhisCanterburyTale.
(1)HiscontributiontoEnglishliteraturecanbeseenintwoaspects:
a.Realism:
Allkindsofpeopleexceptthehighest(kingandthetopnobility)andthelowest(theverypoorlaboringpeople)arerepresentedbythese30pilgrims.Besidesbeingthetypicalrepresentativeofherorhisownclass,eachcharacterhasherorhisownindividualqualities.ThereforeitgivesatruepictureofChaucer’stime.
b.Humanism:
Hehighlypraisesman’senergy,quickwitandloveoflife,thusherevealshisideasofhumanism.
(2)HiscontributiontoEnglishlanguage:
EversinceNormanConquest,FrenchandLatinwerethelanguagesusedbytheupperclasses.ChaucerchosetousetheLondondialectofhisdayinhismasterpiece.Indoingso,hedidmuchinmakingtheLondondialectthestandardfortheModernEnglishspeech.
II、TheRenaissancePeriod(14thtomid-17th)
名词解释:
1、Renaissance:
Theword“Renaissance”meansrevival,especiallybetweenthe14thandmid-17thcentury,revivalofinterestinancientGreekandRomanculture.Renaissance,therefore,inessence,wasahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersmadeattemptstogetrideofconservatism(保守主义)infeudalistEuropeandintroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,tolifttherestrictionsinallareasplacedbytheRomanchurchauthorities.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.
2.Humanism:
HumanismisboththekeynoteoftheRenaissanceandtheintellectualliberationmovement,associatewithnewattitudetoancientGreekandLatinliterature.Thehumaniststookinterestinhumanlifeandhumanactivitiesandgaveexpressiontotheneeewfeelingofadmirationforhumanbeauty,humanachievement.
3.Shakespeare
Hisplayscanbedividedintofourtypes:
historicalplays,comedies,tragediesandromantictragi-comedies.
Shakespeare’sfourgreatesttragediesareHamlet,Othello,KingLear,andMacbeth
1).Hamlet,例题:
论述题:
WhatarethemainthemesinShakespeare’stragedies,andanalysisthecharacter-Hamlet.(What’sthethemeofHamlet?
AnalyzetheimageofHamlet.)
Histagediesoftenportraysomenobleherowhofacestheinjusticeofhumanlifeandiscaughtinadiffultsituationwhosefateiscloselyconnectedwiththefateofthewhloenation.Theheroeshavesomeweaknessesintheircharacters,whichfinallyleadtotheirtragicfalls.
ShakespearputsforwardtheimageofHamletasahumanistoftheRenaissance.Hehasanunboundedlovefortheworld,natureandman;helovesgood,hatesevil,andisfreefrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions,heshowsacontemptforrankandwealth;heisamanofgenius,highlyaccomplishedandeducated;heisascholar,soldier,andstatesman.HisimagereflectstheversatilityofthemanoftheRenaissance.Hisweaknessishismelancholy,butinspiteofhismelancholyanddelayinaction,Ham;etstillretainshisactiveenergy.Hislearning,wisdom,noblenature,limitationandtragedyareallrepresentativeofthehumanistsattheturnofthe16thand17thcenturies.
2)Sonnet18
ItisoneofthemostbeautifulsonnetswrittenbyShakespeare,thepoetholdsthatthepoetrywillbringeternitytotheoneheloves.Anicesummer’sdayisusuallyshort,butthebeautyinpoetrycanlastforever.ThusShakespearehasafaithinthepermanenceofpoety.
3)Sonnet29
Inthispoem,thepoemfirstcomplainsofhisownmiseriesanddissatisfactioninlifeandthenbecomeshappyuponthethoughtoftheoneheloves.
记住这两首诗及注释。
例题:
1.“Forthysweetloverememb’redsuchwealthbrings,
ThatthenIscorntochangemystatewithkings.”
1)Identifythepoemandthepoet.
2)Whatdoestheword“state”mean?
3)Whatisthepoemabout?
Answer:
1)Snonnet29byShakespeare
2)Throne
3)Inthispoem,thepoemfirstcomplainsofhisownmiseriesanddissatisfactioninlifeandthenbecomeshappyuponthethoughtoftheoneheloves.
4.FrancisBacon(1561–1626)isregarded“FatherofEnglishEssays”.
Helaysthefoundationformodernsciencewithhisinsistenceonscientificwayofthinkingandfreshobservationratherthanasabasisforobtainingknowledge.
Hisworks:
AdvancementofLearning,ThegreatInstauration,NewAtlantics,Essays(论说文集)
Ofthe58essaysinEssays,“OfStudy”isthebetterknownandwidelyread.Inthisessay,Bacontriestodiscusstheuseandabuseofstudies,theproperandimproperwaystopursueone’sstudies,andalsotheeffectofthedifferentkindsofstudiesuponhumancharacter.
记熟此文的名句及注释
例题:
“somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.Somebooksalsomaybereadbydeputy,andextractsmadeofthembyothers;”
1).Whatdoes“curiously”mean?
2)Whatdoes“deputy”referto?
3).Fromwhichessaydoestheabovesentensecome,whatistheeasymainlyabout?
Answer:
1).carefully,attentively
2).personappointedtoactforanother
3).ThisessayisfromBacon’s“ofstudies”.Inthisessay,Bacontriestodiscusstheuseandabuseofstudies,theproperandimproperwaystopursueone’sstudies,andalsotheeffectofthedifferentkindsofstudiesuponhumancharacter.
III.TheSeventeenthCentury
IJohnMilton
Hismajorliteraryworks:
ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained,SamsonAgonistes,allofwhicharebasedonthebiblicallegend.
记熟ParadiseLost选段及注释
例题:
GiveabriefcommentonJohnMilton’sParadiseLost,andanaylzeSatan,theherointhispoem.
Answer:
Thepoetpointsoutatthebeginningofthepoemthatthepurposeoftheepicisto“asserteternalProvidenceandjustifythewaysofGodtoman.”However,themainideaofthepoemshownbytheimageofSatan,isarevoltagainstthetyranny’sauthority.ThedefiantspiritofSatansimplyshowstheproudandsombrepoliticalpassionsofthepersecutedrevolutionariesafterRestoration.Intheimageofthefirsttwohumanbeings,AdamandEve,Miltonshowshisbeliefinthepowerofman,andthelovebetweenAdamandEvevoicesMilton’sownenthusiasmforhumanisticelements.
Thoughthepurposeofthispoemis,inMilton’swords,to“justifythewaysofGodtoman”,yetasSatantriestojustifyhimselfbyposingasarebelagainsttyrnny,Miltonapparentlyunconsciouslymakesthedevilservesashisownmouthpiece.InthispartSatantellshisfollowersnevertosubmit,buttofightforthebrightfuture.ThefieryutteranceofSatantohisfollowersexposesSatanasarevolutionarywhoisagainstdepressionandtyrannyandlongingforfreedom,andshowsMilton’sintensehatredoftyrannyinthecapacityofabourgeoisrevolutionary.ToMilton,theproudandsobreSatonrepresentedtherebelliousspiritagainstunjustauthority.
IV.TheAgeofEnlightenment
名词解释:
1.Enlightenment
--------Itprevailedthewhole18thcentury.Itsaimwastoenlightenthewholeworldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalandartisticideas.Theenlightenersputgreatemphasisonreason,equalityandscience.Theyinsistedthatreasonshouldbetheonlyandthefinalcauseofanyhumanthoughtsandactivities.Theycallfororder,reasonandrules.Moreover,theycherisheduniversaleducationasanimportantmeansofenlighteninghumanbeings.Theybelievedtha