全新版大学英语第二版综合教程 第1册 Unit 4 课堂笔记.docx
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全新版大学英语第二版综合教程第1册Unit4课堂笔记
Unit4TheAmericanDream
GlobalReading>>PartDivisionoftheText
Parts
Para（s）
MainIdeas
1
1~29
WithdeterminationandwithhelpfromMr.Crawford,Tonyachievedhisdreamofhavinghisownfarm.
2
30~33
Tony’scareersettheauthorthinkingaboutwhyandtowhatextenthehadbeensuccessful.
GlobalReading>>FurtherUnderstanding
I.ForPart1
i.TableCompletion
HowTonyFulfilledHisAmericanDream
Parts
TimeExpressions
Tony’sStepstowardSuccess
1~10
oneeveningduringtheGreatDepression
TonystartedtoworkasahelpatMr.Crawford’shouse.
11~13
summerpassedintofall
TonygotajobclearingsnowatMr.Crawford’sfactory.
14~16
oneday
Tonyaskedtobetrainedasanapprentice,andlaterlearnedtobeaskilledworker.
17~21
ayearortwopassed
TonyboughtahousewiththehelpofMr.Crawford.
22~27
afterabouttwoyears
TonyboughtafarmandsentforhisfamilyinItaly.
28~33
duringthewar
Tonydied,leavinghisfamilyaprosperousfarmandhischildreneducated.
ii.Matching
Matchthefollowingthreecolumns.
Tony’srequest
Theauthor’sfeeling
Results
1.“Imowyourlawn.”
A.Well,whatdoyoudowithsuchdeterminationandhope?
I.…hehadgraduatedasaskilledgrinder.…MywifeandIfeltitwasasatisfyingendofthestory.
2.“Whenwintercome,yougivemejobclearingsnowatthefactory.”
B.IdoubtedwhetherTonyhadthecapacitytoreadblueprintsandmicrometersordoprecisionwork.
II.Mywifesaidhewasveryhelpfulwhenevertherewereanyheavyobjectstoliftorthingstofix.
3.“Iwanttobe’prentice.”
C.Iwentintomyhouseunhappy...buthowcouldIturnawayapersonwhohadcometomeforhelp?
III.Iaskedthepersonneldepartmentforareport.TheysaidTonywasaverygoodworker.
（1—C—II;2—A—III;3—B—I）
iii.Scanning
ScanthetexttofindoutdescriptionsofTony’sphysicalappearance.
Para.1Hewasaboutfive-foot-sevenoreight,andthin.
Para.22Heseemedtostandalittlestraighter.Hewasheavier.Hehadalookofconfidence.
Para.27…neatlydressed
II.ForPart2QuestionsandAnswers
1.WhatisthekeytoTony’ssuccess?
（TonyworkedveryhardtocreatehisAmericanDream.Besides,hewasdetermined,self-controlled,optimistic,self-respected,honestandresponsible.Allthesehelpedhimbecomesuccessful.）
2.CompareTonywiththegreatestindustrialists.
（BothTonyandthegreatestindustrialistsaresuccessfulinpursuingtheirAmericanDreams.Theyreachedtheirsuccessbyworkinghard,andbythesamevaluesandprinciples.Theonlydifferencewasthattheyhaddifferentfinancialachievements.）
DetailedReading
I.DifficultSentences
1.“Imowyourlawn,”hesaid.（Para.2）
Howmanytimesisthesentence—“Imowyourlawn.”—repeatedinthetext?
Whyisitrepeated?
（Thesentenceisrepeatedfourtimes.That’sbecauseitshowsTony’sdeterminationinfindingajob,andhisoptimisticviewthatpeoplewouldhelpamanwhoneededajob.）
2.Well,whatdoyoudowithsuchdeterminationandhope?
（Para.12）
Paraphrasethesentence.
（Itishardtorefuseapersonwhoisdeterminedandhopefultogetajob.）
3.MywifeandIweredelightedwithwhatwefeltwasasatisfyingendofthestory.（Para.16）
1）Paraphrasethesentence.
（MywifeandIwerehappywithwhatTonyhadachieved,andthoughtthatthewholethinghadthusbeensettled.）
2）WasTonysatisfiedwiththisend?
（Tonywasnotsatisfied.Hekeptonworkingharduntilhefulfilledhisbetterdreams.）
4.Fromthenon,itwasinterestingtoseethatanydiscardedoddsandendsaroundourplace—abrokenscreen,abitofhardware,boardsfrompacking—Tonywouldgatherandtakehome.（Para.21）
1）WhydidTonytakehomethediscardedoddsandends?
（Tonyboughtahouse,whichwasacompletewreck.Tofixanddecorateit,and,aboveall,tosavemoney,hetookhomethediscardedoddsandends.）
2）TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
（从那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔弃的零星杂物，坏了的屏风啦，五金器具啦，包装纸板啦，托尼都要收起来拿回家，看他这个样子真是有意思。
）
5.Hehadhuntedaroundtheedgeoftownuntilhefoundasmall,abandonedpieceofpropertywithahouseandshed.（Para.26）
1）Whatdoes“property”referto?
（“Property”referstothefarmhewantedtobuy.）
2）TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
（他在小镇周边到处找，终于找到一处没人要的一小块地产，有一幢房，还有间小棚。
）
6.Hegrewinstatureinmymind.（Para.30）
1）Paraphrasethesentence.
（Hegrewtallerandgreaterinmymind.Hissocialstatusgreatlyimprovedinmymind.）
2）DescribethechangeofTony’ssocialstatusinMr.Crawford’smind.
（WhenMr.CrawfordfirstmetTony,Tonywas“aboutfive-foot-sevenoreight,andthin”,andhisEnglishwasbroken.HeremainedstandingwhenhetalkedtoMr.Crawford.Hedidnothavehighsocialstatus.Afterheboughthisfarmseveralyearslater,he“seemedtostandalittlestraighter”,andhe“hadalookofconfidence”.HeandMr.Crawford“satdownandtalked”.HissocialstatusimprovedenoughtoallowhimtositdownwithMr.Crawford.Afterhepassedaway,Mr.Crawfordthought“hestoodastall,andasproud,asthegreatestAmericanindustrialists.”）
7.Tonydidnotbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.（Para.32）
1）Whatdoes“ladder”referto?
Andwhatdoes“basement”referto?
（“Ladder”referstothewaytosuccess.“Basement”referstoTony’sstartingpoint.Hewasworsethanordinarypeople.HehadnothingtohelphimseekhisAmericanDream.）
2）Whatcanyouinferfromthesentence?
（TonyhadnothingwhenhearrivedintheUnitedStates,andhebuiltupfromnothing.）
8.But,afterall,thebalancesheetswereexactlythesame.Theonlydifferencewaswhereyouputthedecimalpoint.（Para.32）
1）Whatdobalancesheetsreferto?
Andwhatdoesdecimalpointreferto?
（Balancesheetsareusedtoshowwhetherapersonoracompanyisfinanciallysuccessful.Heretheyareusedtojudgeaperson’slifeachievements.Ifthedecimalpointismoved,anumberwillbecomeeithersmallerorbigger.HereitshowsthedifferenceintheamountofmoneyTonyandthegreatestindustrialistshadmade.）
2）Whatcanyouinferfromthesentences?
（WhatTonyandthegreatestindustrialistsachievedwasexactlythesame.Theonlydifferencewasthattheyhaddifferentfinancialsuccess.）
II.Words&Expressions
turnaway:
refusetohelp（sb.）orallow（sb.）toenteraplace
-他拒绝了所有的应征者。
（Heturnedalltheapplicantsaway.）
-Heturnedawayseveralpeoplewhodidn’thavethetickets.
Collocation:
turndown拒绝；调低
turnin交还，上交
turninto使变成
turnoff关；拐弯
turnout生产，制造；证明，结果
turnover仔细考虑
turnup出现，来到；开大，调大
workout:
plan;solve;calculate
-他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。
（They’veworkedoutamethodofsendingaspacecrafttothespace.）
-Theaccountanthasworkedoutyourshareoftheexpenseat1,000yuan.（会计已算出你的那份花费为1,000元。
）
Collocation:
workat从事于，致力于
workup引起，激起，逐渐上升
weekly:
1.adj.happeningonceaweekoreveryweek
-Hethinkshisweeklywageof400yuanisenough.
2.adv.onceaweek;everyweek;bytheweek
-《21世纪报》每周出版一次。
（21stCenturyispublishedweekly.）
3.n.apublicationissuedonceaweek
-BusinessWeekly《商业周刊》
-Publishers’Weekly（美）《出版商周刊》
-atwiceweekly半周刊
dowith:
1）（usedinquestionswith“what”）dealwith
-Tellmewhatyoudidwithyourselfthisweek.
-Thechilddidn’tknowwhattodowithhimselfforexcitement.
2）tolerate
-我不能忍受他和他的无礼。
（Ican’tdowithhimandhisimpoliteness.）
3）（oftenwith“could”,“can”）desire
-Icoulddowithacupoftea.
Collocation:
dowithout没有…也行，将就
doawaywith废除，去掉
dofor代替，适合…
dogood（to）对…有益
doover重复
determination:
n.theabilitytocontinuetryingtoachievewhatyouhavedecidedtodoevenwhenthisisdifficult
-HehasgreatdeterminationtolearnEnglishwell.
personnel:
n.
1）thedepartmentinalargeorganizationthatdealswithemployees;humanresources（uncountablenoun,usedwithasingularorpluralverb）.
-personneladministration人事管理
-personneldepartment人事部/处/科
-personneldirector人事部长/处长/科长
2）allthepersonsworkinginanorganization,inthearmy,etc.（oftenusedwithapluralverb）
-Thepersonnelofthecompanyhasbeenincreased.
-全体员工都允许参加晚会。
（Allpersonnelwereallowedtotakepartintheparty.）
NB:
此外注意与personal的区别。
personal:
个人的，私人的，亲自的，秘密的
-Liketheirpersonallives,women’shistoryisfragmented,interrupted.（如同她们的个人生活一样，妇女的历史是支离破碎且断断续续的。
）
TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.
-apersonalappearance（亲自出面）
-Ihavesomethingpersonaltotellyou.（我有私人的事要告诉你。
）
capacity:
n.
1）theabilitytounderstandordosth.
-Hiscapacityforrememberingthingsisinteresting.
2）theabilitytoholdorcontainsth.;themaximumamountthatcanbecontained
-Thetrunkisfilledtocapacity.
CF:
capacity,ability,capability&proficiency
这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。
capacity用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时，指潜在的能力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。
ability既指天赋的能力，也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。
capability较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。
proficiency正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。
Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenabove.
1.Hermentalabilityisverygreat.
2.Thefilmisbeyondthecapacityofthechildren.
3.Proficiencyinseveralforeignlanguagesisneededforworkasatraveler’sguide.
4.Hehasthecapabilityofsolvingpracticalproblems.
skilled:
adj.
1）havingskill;trained;experienced
-askilledworker（技术熟练的工人）
2）needingskill
-skilledwork（技术性工作）
CF:
skilled&skillful
skilled,skillful表示“有技术的，熟练的”时可以互换。
skilled通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验而掌握某项专门技术。
skillful是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。
-Heisaskilled/skillfulsurgeon.
-罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师，因而她也很会修理自行车。
（Rose’sfatherisaskilledmechanicsoshehasbecomeskillfulatrepairingbi
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