英语动词不规则变化表.docx

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英语动词不规则变化表.docx

英语动词不规则变化表

英语动词不规则变化表

★记忆法一:

常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:

一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。

(共9个)

cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—let

put—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut

二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。

(共41个)

1过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。

(3个)

bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thought

2词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。

(4个)

build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent

3过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。

(2个)

catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught

4把-eep变为-ept。

(3个)

keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept

5把-ell变为-old。

(2个)

tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold

6过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。

(4个)

smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt

7过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。

(3个)

learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt

8过去式、过去分词词尾是d。

(4个)

say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard

9改变元音字母。

(11个)

meet—met—met

get—got—got

sit—sat—sat

find—found—found

hold—held—held

spit—spat—spat

shine—shone—shone

win—won—won

hang—hung—hung

dig—dug—dug

lose—lost—lost

10改变辅音字母。

(1个)

make—made—made

11改变元、辅音字母。

(4个)

leave—left—left

stand—stood—stood

have(has)—had—had

understand—understood—understood

三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。

(共35个)

1i—a—u变化。

(6个)

begin—began—begun

drink—drank—drunk

sing—sang—sung

ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum

sink—sank—sunk

2词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。

(5个)

blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn

grow—grew—grown

know—knew—known

throw—threw—thrown(show除外)

3词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。

(4个)(give,hide除外)

drive—drove—driven

write—wrote—written

ride—rode—ridden

rise—rose—risen

4过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。

(5个)

break—broke—broken

choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen

speak—spoke—spoken

wake—woke—woken

5过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。

(1个)

forget—forgot—forgotten

6过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。

(6个)

be—was(were)—been

eat—ate—eaten

fall—fell—fallen

give—gave—given

see—saw—seen

hide—hid—hidden(hid)

7词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。

(2个)

take—took—taken

mistake—mistook—mistaken

8原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。

(6个)

do—did—done

fly—flew—flown

go—went—gone

lie—lay—lain

show—showed—shown

wear—wore—worn

四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。

(1个)

beat—beat—beaten

五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。

(3个)

come—came—come

become—became—become

run—ran—run

六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。

(4个)

can—could

may—might

will—would

shall—should

★记忆法二:

不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。

学生难学,老师难教。

幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些部规律来记忆。

下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。

一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同:

cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut

(细心的你一定会发现,这些词多数是以字母t结尾的。

二、原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:

beat/beat/beaten

三、原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:

come/came/come   become/became/become run/ran/run

(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:

welcomed,welcomed)

四、过去式,过去分词相同:

(1)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e

meet/met/met      feed/fed/fed

(2)去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t

feel/felt/felt       sleep/slept/slept

keep/kept/kept     sweep/swept/swept

(3)词尾为的ll去掉一个l加t

spell/spelt/spelt    smell/smelt/smelt spill/spilt/spilt

(4)过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾

catch/caught/caught       teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought     

buy/bought/bought    think/thought/thought

(5)将stand改为stood

stand/stood/stood     understand/understood/understood

(6)将ay改为aid

lay/laid/laid      pay/paid/paid say/said/said

(7)将d改为t

lend/lent/lent            send/sent/sent

spend/spent/spent      build/built/built

(8)将i改为a,o,u等

sit/sat/sat           spit/spat/spat   

dig/dug/dug   win/won/won

(9)将ell改为old

tell/told/told         sell/sold/sold

(10)词尾加t

learn/learnt/learnt     mean/meant/meant

dream/dreamt/dreamt  spoil/spoilt/spoilt

(11)有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的:

learn/learnt/learnt     learn/learned/learned

shine/shone/shone     shine/shined/shined

hang/hung/hung       hang/hanged/hanged

smell/smelt/smelt      smell/smelled/smelled

burn/burnt/burnt      burn/burned/burned

light/lii/lit           light/lighted/lighted

(12)其它

have(has)/had/had   hear/heard/heard

shoot/shot/shot        lose/lost/lost

hold/held/held         get/got/got(AmEgotten)

find/found/found       make/made/made

leave/left/left

五、三者均不同:

(1)过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾

blow/blew/blown         fly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grown         know/knew/known

throw/threw/thrown

值得注意的是:

show/showed/shown或showed      draw/drew/drawn

(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词

begin/began/begun       drink/drank/drunk

ring/rang/rung             sing/sang/sung

swim/swam/swum        sink/sank/sunk

(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾

drive/drove/driven        write/wrote/written

rise/rose/risen             ride/rode/ridden

(4)原形后加n变成过去分词

drive/drove/driven        rise/rose/risen  eat/ate/eaten       

give/gave/given      fall/fell/fallen

(5)过去式后加n变成过去分词

break/broke/broken     choose/chose/chosen

freeze/froze/frozen     mistake/mistook/mistaken

steal/stole/stolen       speak/spoke/spoken  

take/took/taken        wake/woke/woken(或woke)

(6)其它

be/was或were/been      do/did/done        forget/forgot/forgotten     

go/went/gone           hide/hid/hidden           see/saw/seen   

wear/wore/worn

六、有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。

wake/woke/woken(或woke)wake/waked/waked

sink/sank/sunk                sink/sunk/sunken

七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:

shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:

shone/shone照耀    shined/shined擦亮

hung/hung悬挂     hanged/hanged绞死

八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词

lie躺卧lay/lain/lying(现在分词)

lay放,下蛋laid/laid/laying

find找到、发现find/found/found        

found创建,成立found/founded/founded

九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆

(一)词义相对:

(1)come/came/come来——go/went/gone去

(2)give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmEgotten)获得

(3)sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken(或woke)

或wake/waked/waked醒来

(4)rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下

sink/sank/sunk   sink/sunk/sunken沉下,(使)下沉

(5)buy/bought/bought买——sell/sold/sold出售,卖

(6)take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought带来

(7)teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt

或learn/learned/learned学习、学会

(8)lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到

win/won/won赢得、(获)胜

(9)stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐

(10)send/sent/sent送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到

(二)词义相近:

(1)beat/beat/beaten打,打败   win/won/won赢得、获胜

(2)understand/understood/understood懂,了解

know/knew/known知道,了解,认识

(3)get/got/got(AmEgotten)变成、成为、变得

become/became/become变成,成为,变得

go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成

(4)spend/spent/spent花费、度过

pay/paid/paid支付、交纳

cost/cost/cost花费、价值为

take/took/taken花费

(5)say/said/said说、讲

speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲

tell/told/told告诉、说、吩咐、断定

talk/talked/talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论

★记忆法三:

1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。

 

let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut 

(shed→shedsplit→splitspread→spreadburst→burst) 

2.元音字母的变化。

 

i→a:

begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank 

i→o:

drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,

(strive→strovearise→arose) 

i→ou:

find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground) 

a→oo:

take→took,shake→shook 

e→o:

get→got,forget→forgot 

o→a:

come→came,become→became 

oo→o:

shoot→shot,choose→chose 

3.元音字母组合的变化。

 

aw/ow/y→ew:

draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew 

4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。

 

(1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold 

(2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid 

(3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept 

(4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought 

(5)catch→caught,teach→taught 

(6)can→could,will→would,shall→should 

5.辅音字母变化。

 

(1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent 

(2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard 

(3)mean→meant,learn→learnt

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