专业英语.docx

专业英语.docx

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专业英语

EnglishCourseof

Automotive

专业英语

主讲老师：

秦辉

基础课部大学英语教研室

教学目标（TeachingTarget）:

能力目标:

studentsshouldknowthebasicstructureofautomobileandalltheworkingsystemsofaautomobile

知识目标:

grasptheusefulwordsandexpressionsconcerningtoautomobile

教学材料及工具（TeachingMaterials&Aids）:

Teachingmaterials:

listeningandreadingmaterials

Aids:

tape,taperecorder,internet,chalk

考核与评价方式（Testing&EvaluatingMode）:

Wordsdictation

Evaluatetheirperformancesintheclass

Finaltest

UnitOne_BasicStructureofAutomobile__

SectionⅠTalkingFacetoFace

1.FollowtheSamples

Atthe4SStore

Assistant（A）:

Goodmorning,Sir.CanIhelpyou?

Customer（C）:

I'dliketobuyacar.Rememberoneforme?

A:

Isitforpersonalorbusinessuse?

C:

It'sforpersonaluse.Wouldyoutellmesomemoredetails?

A:

Withpleasure.Whynotgototheshowroom?

I'llshowyouaround.Wehavemanymodelsdisplayedthere.

C:

Great!

Let'sgo!

......

A:

Look!

Allournewmodelsarehere.Ithinkthereisonetypethatsuitsyou.

C:

Ihopeso.

A:

Sir,howaboutthisone?

Thiscarhasexcellentsafetyfeatures,likethedualairbagsandABSbrakes.Comparedwithetheoldtypes,thistypeisimprovedinexteriordesignandtint.Itoffershighlevelofcomfortandeye-catchingstyling.andsomeoptionalequipmentsarealsooffered.

C:

Itlooksreallynice!

Butit'salittlemorethanIwanttopay.

A:

Oh,howaboutthatyellowone?

Ithasthecharacteristicsofsmallvolume,stableproperty,safetyandreliability,lowfuelconsumption,longlifeinservice.Besides,thepriceismoderate.

C:

It'squitegood.ButIpreferthewhitecolor.

A:

Oh,thewhiteonesofthistypeareoutofstock.Canyouwait?

C:

OK.ifnotwaitingforalongtime.

A:

Itwouldnotkeepyouwaitingformorethanoneweek.Pleasefillinthisform,andI'llcallyouassoonaspossible.

C:

Allright!

Thankyouforyourhelp.

A:

Mypleasure.

2.Actout/Practices

Supposeyouwanttobuyacar.Nowyouareina4Sstoreandtalkingwiththeassistant.Pleasemakeadialogueandactitoutwithyourpartner.

SectionIIMaintainingaSharpEye

1.Thepassage

BasicStructureofAutomobile

Automobilesarebasicallythesameinstructure,althoughtheyarequitedifferentinstyleanddesign.Inotherwords,anyautomobileiscomposedoffoursections,suchasengine,chassis,bodyandelectricalsystem.

Engine

Theengineisthepowersourceofanautomobile.Themostcommontypeistheinternalcombustionengine,whichburnsfuelwithinthecylindersandconvertstheexpandingforceofthecombustionor"explosion"intorotaryforceusedtopropelthevehicle.

Allengineshavefuel,exhaust,cooling,andlubricationsystems.Gasolineenginesalsohaveignitionsystems.

Thefuelsystemplaysavitalpartinthepower-producingprocesssinceitsuppliesthegasolinetothecylindersofengine.

Theexhaustsystemisusedtoconducttheburnedgasestotherearofavehicleandintotheair,quiettheexhaustnoise,and,inmostcases,reducethepollutantsintheexhaust.

Thecoolingsystemremovesexcessiveheatfromtheenginecomponents.

Thelubricationsystemisimportantinkeepingtheenginerunningsmoothly.Motoroilisthelubricantusedinthesystem.

Theignitionsystemsuppliestheelectricsparkneededtoignitetheair-fuelmixtureinthecylinders,whichinitiatesthepowerstroke.

Chassis

Thechassisisaframeworkusedtoassembleautocomponentsonit.Thechassisincludesthepowertrain,suspension,steering,andbrakesystems.

Thepowertrainsystemconsistsofmechanismsandunitswhichtransmittorquefromtheenginetothedrivewheelsandchangetorqueandrpminmagnitudeanddirection.Amongthesemechanismsandunitsarethetransmission（gearbox）,clutch,propellershaft,rearaxle,differentialandthewheels.

Theprimarypurposeofthesuspensionsystemistosupporttheweighsofthevehicle.Thebasicjobofthesuspensionsystemistoabsorbtheshockscausedbyirregularroadsurfaces,whichwouldotherwisebetransmittedtothevehicleanditsoccupants,thushelpingtokeepthevehicleonacontrolledandlevelcourse,regardlessofroadconditions.

Thesteeringsystemisusedtocontrolthedrivingdirectionofthevehicleasitmoves.Thekeycomponentsthatmakeupthesteeringsystemarethesteeringwheel,steeringshaft,worm,gearsector,pitmanarm,draglink,steeringknucklearm,kingpin,steeringarms,tierod,frontaxleandsteeringknuckle.

Thebrakesystemisabalancedsetofmechanicalandhydraulicdevicesusedtoretardthemotionofthevehiclebymeansoffriction.Structurally,anautomotivebrakesystemcontainsseveralmajorpartslikethebrakedrum,brakeshoe,brakelining,etc.Functionally,anautomotivebrakesystemcanbedividedintoservicebrakemechanismandparkingbrakemechanism.

Body

Theautomobilebodyprovidesaprotectivecoveringfortheengine,passengersandcargo.Itisdesignedtokeeptheoccupantssafeandcomfortable.Thebodyisgenerallydividedintofoursections--thefront,theupperortop,therearandtheunderbody.Thesesectionscanfurtherfallintoalotofassembliesandparts,suchasthehood,thefenders,theroofpanels,thedoor,theinstrumentpanel,thebumpersandtheluggagecompartment.

ElectricalSystem

Theelectricalsystemsupplieslightinganddrivingpowerfortheautomobile.Theelectricalsystemofamodernautomobileiscomposedoffourmaincircuitsandanumberofbranchcircuits.Thefourmaincircuitsarethegeneratingcircuit,startingcircuit,theignitioncircuitandthelightingcircuit.Allthemaincircuitsareconnectedtogetherandlinkedtothebatterywhichisnecessaryinelectricservicesonanyvehicles.

2.Usefulwordsandphrases

structuren.结构,构造,建筑物

chassisn.底盘

cylindern.气缸

convertv.转变

propelv.推进

exhaustn.&v.排气,废气;耗尽

lubricationn.润滑

ignitionn.点燃,点火

componentn.成分,部件,零件

initiatev.发动

stroken.冲程

assemblev.&n.装配,安装;组件

suspensionn.悬挂

steerv.&n.驾驶

braken.&v.制动器,刹车;制动

mechanismn.机械机构

transmitv.传动,传送

torquen.转矩,扭矩

transmissionn.变速器,传动装置

clutchn.离合器

differentialn.差速器

wormn.蜗杆

balancev.使平衡

hydraulicsa.液压的,水力的

retardv.使减速,阻止,妨碍

frictionn.摩擦,摩擦力

hoodn.引擎罩,车篷

fendern.挡泥板,防护物

bumpern.汽车保险杠,缓冲器

circuitn.电路,线路,回路

batteryn.电池

3.ReadandTranslate

TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Theprimarypurposeofthesuspensionsysteistosupporttheweightofthevehicle.Thebasicjobofthesuspensionsystemistoabsorbtheshockscausedbyirregularroadsurfacesthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedtothevehicleanditsoccupants,thushelpingtokeepthevehicleonacontrolledndlevelcourse,regardlessofroadconditions.

UnitTwo_TroublesandMaintenanceofEngines__

SectionⅠBeingAllEars

1.FollowtheSamples

Listentothefollowingdialogue.Acustomerandtheassistantistalkingaboutthepriceofacar.

Price

Customer（C）:

Iwanttobuythiscar.Canyougivemeadiscountforit?

Assistant（A）:

Hereareoutlatestpricesheets,Ourpriceiswithoutfurtherdiscounts.

C:

Comeon.Bringdownthepricejustalittle.Youknow,Icanbuythiscarinanotherstore,butIprefertobuyitwithyouifyouwilllowerthepricealittleforme.

A:

Well,Idohavetomeetaquotainordertogetmycommission.OK.I'lltakeofffivehundredyuan.Howdoesthatsound?

C:

Oh,no.Iwasthinkingmaybemorethanthat.Somethingliketwothousand?

A:

Please.That;stoomuch.Reducingonethousandyuanisourbottomline.Thisquotehasminimizedoutroomforprofits.

C:

OK.Icansettleforthat.

2.Actout/Practices

Makeadialoguewithyourpartner.Usethedialogueyoujustheardasareference.Thenactitout.

SectionIIMaintainingaSharpEye

1.Thepassage

TroublesandMaintenanceofEngines

Theengineisgenerallyconsideredthe"heart"ofanautomobile.Asoundengineshoulddevelopfullpowertomaintainthetractiveeffortandconsumefuelandoilwithintheestablishedlimits.

Thesymptomsindicativeofsometroubleswiththeenginearetheexcessivefuelandoilconsumption,smokyexhaust,lossofpower,andknockingintheengine.

Excessivefuelandoilconsumptionandsmokyexhaust（theoillevelinthecrankcasebeingnormal）areusuallyattributedtothestickingorwearofthepistonsings.Wornvalveguidesarealsoafrequentcauseofexcessivefuelandoilconsumption.Whenoilisbeingconsumedbypassingthroughtheengine,itusuallycausesheavybluesmoketocomefromtheexhaust,particularlyaftertheenginehasidledforseveralminutes.

Stickingcanberemediedbymixingequalpartsofdenaturedalcoholandkeroseneandpouring20gofthemixtureintoeachcylinderthroughthesparkplughole,leavingitthereovernight.Inthemorning,starttheengine,runitfor10to15minutes,shutdownandchangetheoil.

Lossofenginepowerresultedfromthedropofcompressionwhichmayoccurwhenthecylinderblockheadnutsaretightenednonuniformlyorinsufficiently,ortheheadgasketisdamaged;thepistonringsarestuckinthegroovesowingtocarbonorlacquerdeposit;theringsareworn,brokenorlosetheirresilience;thecylindersareworn.

Noisesandknocksintheenginearecausedbythefollowingfactors:

●Adistinctmetallicknocksappearifthepistonandcylinderarewornandtheclearancebetweenthemisexcessive.Theknocksaremostvividwhentheenginerunscold.

●Anabnormalsoundoriginatesfromsomeformofpiston-ringproblemsduringengineacceleration,andnotfrequentlyfromapistonringstrikingtheringridgeatthetopofthecylinder.

●Apiston-pinknockisnoticeablemostofthetimewhenanengineisidling,whichis