英语四级阅读题库含答案解析.docx

英语四级阅读题库含答案解析.docx

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英语四级阅读题库含答案解析

英语四级阅读题库含答案解析

1.PassageOne

Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,butregardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t–wewon’tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.

AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan“inconvenienttruth,”asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon’tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and–withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs—wecan’tdomuchaboutit.

From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions（mainly,CO2）willbe42%higherin2050.butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse‘slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.

Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom（limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel）thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey’re“doingsomething.”ConsidertheKyotoProtocol（京都议定书）.Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’t.Butithasn’treducedCO2emissions（upabout25%since1990）,andmanysignatories（签字国）didn’tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.

Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.

Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit’sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon’tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we’rehelpless.

57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?

A）Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.

B）Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.

C）Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.

D）Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.

58.Accordingtotheauthor’sunderstanding,whatisAlGore’sviewonglobalwarming?

A）Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.

B）Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.

C）Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.

D）Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.

59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof_______.

A）economicgrowth

B）thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoor

C）wastefuluseofenergy

D）therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology

60.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,________.

A）politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation

B）fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse

C）reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarming

D）internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems

61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?

A）Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.

B）Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology

C）Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.

D）Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.

PassageTwo

Somedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsitesyou’vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchaseorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.

Infact,it’slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?

Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.

Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit’simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs（碎屑）youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret.

Thekeyquestionis:

Doesthatmatter?

WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme.”

Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths（收费站）toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon（优惠券）.

Butprivacydoesmatter–atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth:

Whenyouhaveit,youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.

62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked”（Lines3-4,Para.2）?

A）People’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.

B）Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers’secrets.

C）Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.

D）Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.

63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?

A）Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.

B）Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.

C）Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.

D）Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.

64.Whydoestheauthorsay“weliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret”（Line5,Para.3）?

A）Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.

B）Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.

C）Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers’affairs.

D）Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople’sidentities.

65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?

A）Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.

B）Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.

C）Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.

D）Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.

66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat________.

A）peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepit

B）itsimportanceisrarelyunderstood

C）itissomethingthatcaneasilybelost

D）peopledon’tcherishituntiltheyloseit

2.PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:

youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.

“Menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta,“Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”

Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.

TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.

“WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer”hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislife”

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.

“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible（不可战胜的）”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.

Thenthereistheostrichapproach,”somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.

“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.

Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.”Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:

itiscalledprematuredeath.”

57.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?

A.Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.

B.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.

C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.

D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.

58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?

A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen

B.mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomen

C.menaren’tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdanger

D.m