考研英语真题及答案二.docx

考研英语真题及答案二.docx

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考研英语真题及答案二

　　SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlookingat-astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyclingtotheirphones,evenwithouta1onasubway.

　　It’sasadreality-ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings-becausethere’s2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn’tknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalprotectionsendsthe4:

“Pleasedon’tapproachme.”

　　Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohid5ourscreens?

　　Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,anexecutivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“weird.”Wefearwe’llbe7.Wefearwe’llbedisruptive.

　　Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisuneasiness,we10toturnourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,”Wortmannsays.“Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”

　　Butonceweripofftheband-aid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn’t

　　12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:

“Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howthewouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatonthierown,”TheNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn’texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,“notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeenembarrassed.”

　　18thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:

Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.

　　1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signal[D]record

　　2.[A]nothing[B]little[C]another[D]much

　　3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought

　　4.[A]message[B]code[C]notice[D]sign

　　5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from

　　6.[A]misinterpreted[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched

　　7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed

　　8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungrateful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar

　　9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry

　　10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn

　　11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring

　　12.[A]hurt[B]resist[C]bend[D]decay

　　13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation

　　14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers

　　15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predict[D]design

　　16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride

　　17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup

　　18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconsequence

　　19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas

　　20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rare

　　SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys，peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatwereworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.

　　“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome.”Writeoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes,“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.

　　Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhosayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch—up—with—householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.

　　Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing：

working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure;Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife—sustainingmoola.

　　Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues—yourfamily—havenoclearrewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues—yourfamily—havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.

　　Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco—workersaremuchhardertomotivate.

　　21.AccordingtoParagraph1，mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome.

　　[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation

　　[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace

　　[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement

　　[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace

　　22.AccordingtoDamaske，whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?

　　[A]Workingmothers

　　[B]Childlesshusbands

　　[C]Childlesswives

　　[D]Workingfathers

　　23.Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefactthat.

　　[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives

　　[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback

　　[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind

　　[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice

　　24.Theword“moola”（Tine4，Para4）mostprobablymeans.

　　[A]energy

　　[B]skills

　　[C]earnings

　　[D]nutrition

　　25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat.

　　[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment

　　[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut

　　[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating

　　[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded

　　Text2

　　Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudent–thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree–lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerthanandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudent,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose.”Anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

　　Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach（whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram）canclose63percentoftheachievementgap（measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades）betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

　　Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students（whocompletedtheproject）atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingparentwithfour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents（59.1percent）wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantofundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithfour-yeardegree.

　　Theirthesis–thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact–wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

　　Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggledtonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperiences,manyfirst-generationstudentslackofsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandstudents‘likethem’canimprove.”

　　26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas.

　　[A].reducedtheirdropoutrates

　　[B].narrowedtheachievementgap

　　[C].misseditsoriginalpurpose

　　[D].depressedcollegestudents

　　27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause.

　　[A].theproblemissolvable

　　[B].theirapproachiscostless

　　[C].therecruitingratehasincreased

　　[D].theirfindingsappealtostudents

　　28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents.

　　[A].s