山东省邹城一中高三任务型阅读复习专题doc.docx
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山东省邹城一中高三任务型阅读复习专题doc
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Afteralongdayatwork,cominghomeisabreathoffreshair.Homeisacomfortableplacetositbackandrelax.________Belowareanumberofthingswecandotocreateahealthyhomeenvironmentthatwillhelptoeasetheworkdaystressandpromoteourphysicalandmentalhealth.
Cleaningthehouseregularlyisthefirstthingweshoulddo.Itmayseemlikeatiringthingtocleanbutthereisareasonfordoingso.Wecanremovedustbycleaningthehouse.Leavinglayersofdusteverywheremeansthatthereisabuild-upofdust.Andwheredotheselayersofdustgo?
________
Makingsuretheroomsarefullofsunlightisalsoimportant.Wemaynotrealizeitbutsunlightisanimportantpartofourgrowth.Weallknowthatsunlightpromotesbetterworkingconditions.________ThinkaboutusingaParanssystemwheresunlightdoesnotreach.Thistechnologygathersthesunlightbyusingsolarpanels.Itcansendoutsunlightwhereverweare.
________Goinggreenwillhelptoremovetoxins(毒素)intheair.Theyalsogiveoffoxygen,whichcanlowerstressandimproveourmoods.
Alongthelinesofbeinggreen,itcanalsobevitaltothinkaboutwhatthingswearebringingintothehouse.Trytoavoidspecificplasticsthatareharmfultohealth.________Theymaycontainpoisonouschemicalsthatcanbebreathedin,orsimpleabsorbedthroughtheskin.
A.However,isitashealthyasitcanbe?
B.Isourhomeascomfortableasitusedtobe?
C.Intoourlungs.
D.Thesamethingappliestocertaincarpetsandpaint.
E.Besides,itcanreducebothstressandhighbloodpressure.
F.Itisalsoagoodideatoaddmoreplantsinourhouse.
G.Itisacknowledgesthatagreenerlifestyleislinkedtobetterhealth.
【答案】A;C;E;F;D
【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文,家是一个让人感到舒适温馨的地方,介绍营造健康家庭环境的方法。
(1)根据后一句以下是几件值得做的事情来创建健康的家庭环境,以此缓解我们的压力,改善我们的身体和精神健康,A选项,我们现在的家还一如既往的健康吗?
后一句是对这一句的回答,一问一答,切题,故选A。
(2)根据前一句Andwheredotheselayersofdustgo?
可知,这些灰尘去哪里了?
本空是对上一句的回答,故C选项,这些灰尘进入了我们的肺部,切题,故选C。
(3)本段主要讲述阳光的重要性,以及前一句Weallknowthatsunlightpromotesbetterworkingconditions.,阳光可以改善我们工作条件,E选项,除此之外,还可以减轻压力和降低高血压,同样陈述阳光的好处,切题,故选E。
(4)本空是本段第一句,根据后一句Goinggreenwillhelptoremovetoxins(毒素)intheair.可知,本段讲述绿色植物的重要性,故F选项,家里种绿色植物是个好主意,切题,故选F。
(5)根据前一句Trytoavoidspecificplasticsthatareharmfultohealth.可知,努力避免使用对身体有害的塑料制品,D选项,同样也适用某些地毯和涂料,都阐述避免进入家里的物品,切合主题,故选D。
【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤
1)分析选项,串联主题:
了解文章的主题、大意,会让解题的方向更明确。
2)研究空格前后,对比选项,选择答案。
3)复读短文,核对答案:
为了保证答案的正确性,一定要把答案代入原文,进行核对检查。
2.请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入1个最恰当的单词。
Whytheyouthsenseangerinfaces
Wetendtobelievethatolderpeoplearemorepositiveandyoungerpeoplearemoresensitivetosocialcues(暗示).
Recentlyscientistsinvestigatedthisideabytesting10,000menandwomen.Theywantedtoseeifageaffectedaperson'sabilitytoidentifyfacialemotions,suchasfearandanger.
TheresearchersfromMcLeanHospitalintheUSusedaWeb-basedplatformtocollecthappinessdata.Itshowedtheparticipantstwoheadshots(头部特写)ofrandompeople.Theywerethenaskedtoidentifywhichsubjectwasangrier,happier,ormorefearful.
Theresearchfoundthatyoungerpeoplewereabletobetteridentifyangryandfearfulfacialcuesthanolderpeople.
"Fromstudiesandanecdotalevidence,weknowthattheeverydayexperiencesofanadolescentaredifferentfromanolderperson,butwewantedtounderstandhowtheseexperiencesmightbelinkedwithdifferencesinbasicemotionunderstanding,wroteLauraGermine,thestudy'sseniorauthor.
Butwhatisitthatmakesyoungpeoplemoresensitive?
"Thisistheexactagewhenyoungpeoplearemostsensitivetoformsofnegativesocialcues,suchasbullying,"LaurenRutter,thestudy'sleadauthor,toldScienceDaily."Thenormaldevelopmentofangersensitivitycancontributetosomeofthechallengesthatariseduringthisphaseofdevelopment.
Onthecontrary
acrossthewhole10,000-personsurvey,researchersfoundnodeclineintheperception(感知)ofhappinessamongolderparticipants.
"What'sremarkableisthatweseedeclinesinmanyvisualperceptualabilitiesaswegetolder,butherewedidnotseesuchdeclinesintheperceptionofhappiness,GerminetoldNeuroScienceNews.
Sheaddedthatthesefindingsfitwellwithotherresearches,showingthatolderadultstendtohavemorepositiveemotionsandapositiveoutlook.
Followingthepaper'srelease,RuttertoldNeuroScienceNewsthatgatheringtheirprimaryresearchonlineallowedtheteamtoresearchintoa"muchlargerandmorediversesampleset"thanpreviousstudies.
Title:
Whytheyouthsenseangerinfaces
Purposeoftheresearch
Theidea________ whetherageaffectspeople'sabilitytoidentifyfacialemotions.
Processoftheresearch
Theresearchers________ happinessdataonaweb-basedplatform.
Two________ headshotswereshowntotheparticipants.
Participantswereaskedtoidentifythemore________ subject.
________oftheresearch
Youngerpeopleare________ atidentifyingnegativesocialcues.
Adolescenceistheexactagewhenangersensitivityreachesits________.
Perceptionofhappinessisn'tonthe________ withage.
Self-assessmentoftheresearch
Whattheresearchproves________ withotherresearches.
Incomparisonwithpreviousstudies,thesamplesetoftheresearchissuperiorinitssizeand________.
【答案】investigated;collected/gathered;random;emotional/sentimental;Findings/Results/Conclusion;better;peak/summit/highest;decline;agrees/corresponds;diversity
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文,科学家们在网络上展开调查,收集1000个人识别面部表情的信息,结果显示的确年轻人比老人更容易识别出生气、害怕这样的表情,但是识别幸福的表情时相差不大。
这与其它一些科学家的发现一致。
老人更容易有积极情绪和乐观看法。
(1)考查信息转述能力。
根据第二段中的"Recentlyscientistsinvestigatedthisideabytesting10,000menandwomen.Theywantedtoseeifageaffectedaperson'sabilitytoidentifyfacialemotions,suchasfearandanger."可知,最近科学家们通过测试1000名男人和女人研究了这个想法。
他们想看看是否年龄会影响一个人辨别害怕、生气等这样的面部表情的能力。
"investigate"是一个及物动词,可以直接作宾语。
空格后的whetherageaffectspeople'sabilitytoidentifyfacialemotions与thisidea是等位关系,所以填investigated。
(2)考查信息转述能力。
根据第三段中的"TheresearchersfromMcLeanHospitalintheUSusedaWeb-basedplatformtocollecthappinessdata."可知,美国McLean医院的科学家们用一个网络平台来收集关于幸福的数据。
"collect(收集)"还可以表达为gather。
且第二个空格在句中作谓语,本段话使用的是一般过去时,故填collected/gathered。
(3)考查信息转述能力。
根据第三段中的"Itshowedtheparticipantstwoheadshots(头部特写)ofrandompeople."可知,平台会展示给参与者两个随机人员的头部特写。
也就是说随机的两个头部特征被展示给参与者。
故填random。
(4)考查信息转述能力。
根据第三段中的"Theywerethenaskedtoidentifywhichsubjectwasangrier,happier,ormorefearful."可知,参与者被要求识别哪一个人更生气、更开心或者更害怕。
也就是说参与者要识别哪个表情更情绪化。
故填emotional/sentimental。
(5)考查信息转述能力。
根据第四段中的"Theresearchfoundthat…"可知,下边讲述的将是调查结果或发现。
空格后是介词,前边没有限定词,"结果/发现"是可数的,所以空格处填可数名词的复数形式。
故填Findings/Results/Conclusion。
(6)考查信息转述能力根据第四段中的"youngerpeoplewereabletobetteridentifyangryandfearfulfacialcuesthanolderpeople."可知,年轻人能比老人更好的辨别生气和害怕的面部表情。
故填better。
(7)考查信息转述能力。
格局第七段中的"Thisistheexactagewhenyoungpeoplearemostsensitivetoformsofnegativesocialcues"可知,青少年这个年纪是年轻人对消极的社会暗示最敏感的年纪,也就是青春期时这些消极情绪的敏感度会达到高峰。
与"mostsensitive"呼应。
故填peak/summit/highest。
(8)考查信息转述能力。
根据第八段中的"researchersfoundnodeclineintheperception(感知)ofhappinessamongolderparticipants."可知,在老人参与者中研究人员没有发现对幸福感知能力的下降,也就是说幸福感知能力没有随着年龄下降。
故填decline。
(9)考查信息转述能力。
根据第十段中的"Sheaddedthatthesefindingsfitwellwithotherresearches"可知,这些发现与其它研究人员的发现一致。
主语Whattheresearchproves为第三人称单数形式,故可填agrees/corresponds。
(10)考查信息转述能力。
根据第十一段中的“gatheringtheirprimaryresearchonlineallowedtheteamtoresearchintoa‘muchlargerandmorediversesampleset’thanpreviousstudies.”可知,与以前的研究相比,主要通过网络收集信息能让这个团队对"更大更多样性的样本组"进行试验。
也就是说这次样本的大小和多样性都比之前的研究有优势。
故填diversity。
【点评】本题考点涉及信息转述能力的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生准确掌握所给材料,结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识,做出正确答案。
3.根据短文内容,在相应的横线上写下相关信息,完成对该问题的回答。
Howdoyouproveyoureallyarewhoyousayyouare?
Maybeyouhavemanywaystoproveyouridentity:
abirthcertificate,adriver'slicense,aSocialSecuritycard,orapassport.
Butimaginethatyouareoneoftheonebillionpeopleintheworldmostofthemamongthepoorestwhohavenoofficialidentification.Nobirthcertificates.NoofficialIDdocuments.Nothing.Withoutawaytoprovewhoyouare,youwouldfacehugeproblems:
goingtoschool,seeingadoctor,gettingabankaccount...
Forthelastdecade,NandanNilekanihasbeenworkingtomaketheworld'sinvisiblepeoplevisiblebygivingthemaccesstoofficialidentification.OneofIndia'sleadingtechnologyexperts,NandanjoinedthegovernmenttoleadthelaunchofIndia'snationalbiometricIDsystem,whichusesfingerprintsandotherbiologicalcharacteristicstochecktheidentitiesofthecountry'smorethan1.3billionresidents.ThisIDsystem,knownasAadhaar(Hindifor"foundation"),istheworld'slargestbiometricidentificationsystemandhasbecomeavaluablegovernmentplatformfordeliveringsocialwelfareprogramsandothergovernmentservices.
Now,AadhaarhasenrollednearlyallresidentsofIndia.Withatrustworthysystemtocheckidentitiesofbeneficiariesforeverythingfrompensionstofoodmoneies,thegovernmenthasbeenabletosavebillionsofdollarsbecauseofreducedcheatinganddishonesty.
Ofcourse,India'sIDsystemhasnotbeenwithoutcontroversy.Thereweremanyprivacyconcerns,includingcriticismthattheAadhaarsystemwasamassmonitoringtoolandthatpersonaldatawouldbemisused.Lastyear,alandmarkdecisionbytheSupremeCourtofIndiafoundthattheprogramdidnotviolatetheprivacyrightsofthecountry'sresidents.Butinordertopreventmisuseofpersonaldata,thecourtplacedtightlimitsonhowtheIDsystemcouldbeusedandshared.
AccordingtothelatestdatabytheWorldBank,thereareonebillionpeopleintheworldwithoutano