英文 专《中国文化》课后答案 Keys1631.docx

英文 专《中国文化》课后答案 Keys1631.docx

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英文专《中国文化》课后答案Keys1631

《中国文化》课后练习答案Chapter16-31

ExercisestoCharacter16

1.Multiplechoice（choosethebestanswer）.

1）c.2）b.3）d.4）a.5）b.

2.Fillintheblanks.

6）AcommonstereotypeisthattheChinesestumbleduponpapermaking,printing,gunpowder,andmariner’scompass.

7）ThemechanicalengineerMaJunimprovedthedesignofsilkloom,createdanintricatemechanicalpuppettheater,andinventedtheSouthPointingChariot.

8）TheancientChinesephilosophersmadesignificantadvancesinscience,technology,mathematics,andastronomy.

9）TheinventionofgunpowdergavetheChineseadistinctadvantageovertheirenemies,andtheirchangingthenatureofwarfare.Thecompassenabledtradeandexplorationinwholenewways.

3.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

10）a.多级火箭：

multi-stagerocketsb.指南战车：

theSouthPointingChariotc.浑天仪：

armillarysphered.多管（种子）条播机：

multi-tubeseeddrills

11）a.金刚经：

DiamondSutrab.泄水闸：

sluicegatec.木偶剧场：

puppettheaterd.吊桥：

thesuspensionbridge

4.ExplainthefollowinginEnglish.

12）seismograph

SeismographwasoneoftheinventionsoftheancientChinese.Itwasanurn-likeinstrument,whichwoulddroponeoftheeightballstoindicatewhenandwhatdirectionanearthquakehadoccurred.

13）armillarysphere

ThearmillaryspherewasinventedbyZhangHeng,theEasternHanDynastyscholarandastronomer（78-139AD）.Itwaswater-poweredrotatinginstrumentthatcatalogued2500starsandover100constellationsatthattime.

5.Answerthefollowingquestions.

14）WhathavebeenfoundamongthesoldiersoftheTerracottaArmyinthetombofQinShiHuangaccordingtothetext?

Severalremainsofcrossbows

15）WhatwascalledinChinesetoZhangHeng’sfirstseismologicaldetector?

HoufengDidongYi

16）WhatisthederivationoftheTraditionalChinesemedicine?

Taoistphilosophy.

Chapter17TheFourGreatInventionsandOtherImpressiveAncientInventions

1.

1）-5）:

c,a/b,d,a,d

2.

6）:

Northern,BiSheng;7）.military,cannons,fire-arrows;

8）:

literature,warfare,navigation;9）:

moveable-type

3.

10）a.fireworksb.abacusc.porcelain

11）,a.compassb.printingc.gunpowderd.papermaking

4.

12）ASiNanwasaladle-likemagnetonaplatewiththehandleoftheladlepointingtothesouth.

13）Anaesthetic（麻醉药）:

Anaestheticsarenecessaryforsurgicaloperations.AsearlyastheWarringStatesPeriod,BianQuehadconcoctedananestheticcalled“toxicwine”tobeusedinsurgicaloperations.Inthe3rdcentury,HuaTuoinventedananaesthetictobeusedforpatientsundergoingabdominal（腹部的）surgery.

5.

14）The"FourGreatInventionsofancientChina"arethecompass,gunpowder,papermaking,andprinting.

15）XuefuwucheisaChineseidiomdescribingalearnedman.ThestorybehinditconcernsascholarnamedHuiShiwholivedduringtheWarringStatesPeriod.Heneededfivecartstocarryhisbookswhenhetraveledaroundteaching.Booksatthattimeweremadeofwoodorbambooslipssotheywereheavyandoccupiedalotofspace.Readingatthetimeneedednotonlybrainworkbutalsophysicalstrength.

16）Papermakingcreatedasheetofpaperusingmulberryandotherbastfibresalongwithfishnets,oldrags,andhempwaste.

Chapter18:

TraditionalChineseMedicine

答案：

1.1）-5）：

c,d,a,d,d

2.6）.acupuncture,herbal,qigong

7）.philosophy,Taoist,Buddhist,environment

8）.loss,decline,retreat

9）.needles,fire,illnesses

3.

10）.a.traditionalChinesemedicine

b.acupuncture

c.cupping

11）.a.theTheoryofFiveElements

b.Metal

c.Wood

4.

12）Somescientistsdescribethetreatmentofdiseasesthroughherbalmedication,acupuncture,andqigongasan“informationtherapy”.

13）IntraditionalChinesemedicinethetheoryoffiveelementsisusedtointerprettherelationshipbetweenthephysiologyandpathologyofthehumanbodyandthenaturalenvironment.Accordingtothetheory,thefiveelementsareinconstantmoveandchange,andtheinterdependenceandmutualrestraintofthefiveelementsexplainthecomplexconnectionbetweenmaterialobjectsaswellastheunitybetweenthehumanbodyandthenaturalworld.

5.

14）.ContactwithWesterncultureandmedicinehasnotdisplacedTCM.Whiletheremaybetraditionalfactorsinvolvedinthepersistentpractice,tworeasonsaremostobviousinthewestwardspreadofTCMinrecentdecades.Firstly,TCMpracticesarebelievedbymanytobeveryeffective,sometimesofferingpalliativeefficacywherethepracticesofWesternmedicinefailorunabletoprovidetreatment,especiallyforroutineailmentssuchasfluandallergies,orwhenWesternmedicinefailstorelievepatientssufferingfromchronicailments.TCMhasbeenshowntobeeffectiveinthetreatmentofchronic,functionaldisorders,suchasmigrainesandosteoarthritis,andistraditionallyusedforawiderangeoffunctionaldisorders.Secondly,TCMprovidesanalternativetootherwisecostlyproceduresthatmanycannotafford,orwhichisnotcoveredbyinsurance.TherearealsomanywhoturntoTCMtoavoidthetoxicsideeffectsofpharmaceuticals.

15）Chinesephilosophyusesyinandyangtorepresentawiderrangeofoppositepropertiesintheuniverse:

coldandhot,slowandfast,stillandmoving,masculineandfeminine,lowerandupper,etc.Ingeneral,anythingthatismoving,ascending,bright,progressing,hyperactive,includingfunctionaldiseaseofthebody,pertainstoyang.Thecharacteristicsofstillness,descending,darkness,degeneration,hypo-activity,includingorganicdisease,pertaintoyin.

16）Themethodsincommonusearemoxibustionwithmoxaconeandcupping.Thebasicprincipleistoplaceaglassjaroverthebodyandallowitto“cup”thebodybyputtingfireinthejar.Thisheatingforcestheairoutofthejarandcausesa“suctionvortex”sothatthejarstickstotheskin.Thiscausesthestasisofbloodtobestimulatedand“massage”theinternalorgansofthepatient.Themoxaconecanalsobeusedforthesameeffect.

Chapter19ModernAchievementsinScienceandTechnology

答案

1.

1）-5）：

a,b,c,d,a

2.

6）.rockets,satellites,spaceship

7）.high-speed

8）.Daqingoilfield,syntheticrubber

9）.popularization,cultivation

3.

10）a.technologicaladvancementb.biologicaltechnologyc.medicalandhealth

11）.a.atomicbombb.hydrogenbombc.Electron-PositronCollider

4.

12）Someimportantachievementswerealsomadeinthebasicresearchareas.,Forinstance,Chinahasmadeachievementsinthefollowingareas:

standardfiniteelementmethod,themechanicaltestifyingofmathematictheorems,stabilityofdifferentialdynamicalsystems,thesynthesisofbovineinsulin,studyoftherelationbetweeninsulin's 3-Dstructureanditsfunctions,modificationofproteinfunctionalgene,studyofatmosphericcircumfluenceinEastAsia,aswellassearchingfortheheadstreamoftheYellowRiverandexplorationoftheBrahmaputraandresearchesinNorthandSouthPoles,andsoon.

13）Inthematerialtechnology,thecountryhasmadesatisfactoryachievementsinhigh-performancesolidpropellant,hightemperaturesuperconductor,nonlinearcrystalandlasercrystal,etc.

Chapter20TheLunarCalendarandSolarTerms

答案：

1.

1）-5）：

c,a,a,d,b

2.

6）.East,Gregorian,astrology

7）.old,official

8）.heavenlyearthly

9）.lunar,moons,29.53

3.

10）.a.agriculturalcalendarb.YinCalendarc.newcalendar

11）.a.BeginningofSpringb.PureBrightnessc.LimitofHeat

d.WinterSolstice

4.

12）Inthiscyclicalsystem,eachyear,month,anddayisassociatedwithoneofthe10heavenlystemsand12earthlybranches.Eachsuccessivetimeperiodwillhaveanewstemandbranch,untilgoingthroughthestems6timesandthebranches5times,togive60uniquecombinations.Inthecaseofyearsanddates,thisgivesacontinuouscycleforthousandsofyears.Thisissimilarformonths,butinthecaseofaleapmonth,itisassigneditspreviousmonth'sbranch/stemcombinationwiththeleapdesignationadded.Thisiswhythecombinationissoeasilycalculatedforyearsanddays,butrequirestablesorcomplicatedastronomicalcalculationstofindmonths.

13）Gregoriancalendarisknownasthe"commoncalendar"（公历）.AnothernamefortheChinesecalendaristhe"YinCalendar"（阴历）inreferencetothelunaraspectofthecalendar,whereastheGregoriancalendaristhe"YangCalendar"（阳历）inreferencetoitssolarproperties.

5.

14）Toexplainthebasisfordeterminingwhenleapmonthsareadded,onemustfirstunderstandtheChinesesystemofsolarterms.24dates,madeupof12principaltermsand12sectionalterms,dividethesolaryearinto24periodsthatarebasedontheearth'spositionaroundthesun.Theseincludetheequinoxesandthesolstices.AccordingtotheChinesecalendar,thewintersolsticemustoccurinmonth11oftheyear.Alunarmonthinwhichaprincipaltermdoesnotoccurbecomesaleap（orintercalary）monthandisassignedthenumberofthemonththatprecededitbutisdesignatedasaleap.Ifthishappenstooccurtwiceinoneyear,onlythefirstmonthinwhichitoccursinaleapmonth.TheChinesenewyearitselfstartsonthesecondnewmoonafterthewintersolstice.

15）.TheTwenty-fourSolarTermscomeintobeinganddevelopincloserelationshipwithChineseagriculturalproduction.Attheinitialstageofagriculturaldevelopment,peoplebegantoexploretheseasonalruleintheagriculturalproductiontomeettheneedsinseeding,harvestingandotheractivities.Gradually,thereformedtheconceptof"SeedinSpring,GrowinSummer,HarvestinAutumnandStoreinWinter".

Chapter21

答案：

1.CABDC

2.reappear,entertainer,lawyer,wisdom,charm,romantic,money,humor,boastful,dreamer,dresser,extravagant,happy,soldier,traveler

3.

10）