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高级英语教案
I’dRatherBeBlackThanFemale
ByShirlyChisholm
I.TeachingAims:
1.Togetthestudentstohaveabetterunderstandingofthefactthatthesexualdiscriminationismoreseriousthantheracialone.
2.Togetthestudentstomasterallthekeylanguagepointsinthistext.
3.Togetthestudentstobefamiliarwiththewritingstyleofpoliticalarticles.
II.TeachingPeriods:
4
III.TeachingContents:
1.Introductionofthebackground
2.Detailedstudyofthetext
3.TopicDiscussion
4.Oralexercises
5.Homework
VI.TeachingSteps
1.Backgroundinformationabouttheauthor
ShirleyAnitaChisholm(1924-2005)wasanAmericanpoliticalfigurewhoservedintheHouseofRepresentativesfrom1969to1983,representingNewYork's12thCongressionalDistrict.ShewasthefirstAfrican-AmericanwomantoserveasacongressionalrepresentativeintheUnitedStates.ChisholmwasamemberoftheDemocraticParty.SheunsuccessfullyranfortheDemocraticnominationforpresidencyin1972.Duringhercolorfulandcontroversialcareer,Chisholmwasrenownedforherpoliticalliberalismandheradvocacyofrightsandequalityfortheunderprivilegedpeople,suchasAfrican-Americans,thepoverty-stricken,andwomen.
Earlylifeandcareer
ShirleyChisholmwasbornin1924inBrooklyn,NewYork.SheobtainedearlyeducationinBarbados,herparents'homeland,andlaterattendedNewYorkpublicschools.[1]Sheobtainedherbachelor'sdegreeatBrooklynCollege,and,amaster'sdegreeatColumbiaUniversityinelementaryeducation.ShetaughtatanurseryschoolandlaterbecamethedirectorofHamilton-MadisonChildCareCenterinNewYorkCity.Duringhercareerineducationsheadvocatedfordecentralizationofpoliciesonschools.SheservedintheNewYorkstatelegislaturefrom1964untilherelectiontotheU.S.Congressin1968.
Congressionalcareer
ChisholmranforCongressin1968ontheDemocraticticketwiththeslogan"unboughtandunbossed".HeropponentfromtheRepublicanPartywasJamesL.Farmer,thefamouscivilrightsleaderandfounderofCongressofRacialEquality.DespitethatFarmerhadtheendorsementofGovernorNelsonRockefeller,Chisholmwontheelectionandwasre-electedsixtimes.HerelectionwassignificantnotonlybecauseitwasthefirsttimeanAfrican-AmericanwomantobeelectedtoCongress,buthercampaignwasnotedfortargetingthefemaleconstituency.
InCongress,shewasknownforheroutspokennessanduncompromisingstyle.Shefocusedonissuessuchaspoverty,civilrights,andwomen'srights.WhentheCongressionalBlackCaucus(骨干会议、秘密预备会议)wasfoundedin1969,shewasoneofthefoundingmembers.In1970,sheauthoredachildcarebill.ThebillpassedtheHouseandtheSenate,butwasvetoedbyPresidentRichardNixon,whocalledit"theSovietizationofAmericanchildren"ShesupportedtheEqualRightsAmendmentandlegalizedabortion.
Intheareaofnationalsecurityandforeignpolicy,ChisholmworkedfortherevocationofInternalSecurityActof1950.[7]SheopposedtheAmericaninvolvementintheVietnamWarandtheexpansionofweapondevelopments.DuringtheJimmyCarteradministration,shecalledforbettertreatmentofHaitianrefugees.
Presidentialbid
SheenteredthebidforDemocraticnominationforpresidencyin1972election,becomingthefirstAfrican-Americanwomantorunforpresident.However,sheonlyobtained152votesfromthedelegatesintheDemocraticconventionandthenominationwaswonbyGeorgeMcGovern,aSenatorfromSouthDakota,whowenttoloseinthegeneralelectiontothen-PresidentRichardNixon.Evenherselfadmittedthatherpresidentialbidwasonlyforsymbolicreasons.
Inhispresidentialcampaign,shehighlightedhereffortsinCongresstointroducedaycarelegislations,toestablishaminimumannualincomeforfamilies,tobringbackthetroopsfromVietnam,andherrecordagainstinstallationofmissilessuchasMIRV(multipleindependently-targetedreentryvehicles)andABM(antiballisticmissile反弹道导弹).Inthecampaignbrochureshepromisedreformsandstyledherpresidentialbidasa"dynamicforceforresponsiblechange".Shealsodenounced(痛斥、斥责)theinfluenceofspecialinterestsinAmericanpolitics.
Duringher1972campaignshesurprisedthenationbyvisitingthefamoussegregationistgovernorofAlabamaandpresidentialcandidateGeorgeWallaceinthehospitalafterhesurvivedanassassinationattempt.Inreturn,WallacehelpedtoconvinceSouthernerstosupporttheextensionoffederalminimumwages.
Laterlife,deathandbeyond
Chisholmdidnotrunforre-electionin1982,andretiredfromCongress.Afterretirementsheresumedhercareerineducation,teachingpoliticsandwomen'sstudiesatMountHolyokeCollegefrom1983to1987.In1985shewasavisitingscholaratSpelmanCollege.In1984and1988,shecampaignedforJesseJacksonforthepresidentialelections.In1993,then-PresidentBillClintonnominatedhertotheambassadorshiptoJamaica,butshecouldnotserveduetopoorhealth.InthesameyearshewasinductedintotheNationalWomen'sHallofFame.ChisholmdiedinFloridain2005.
Shehadmarriedtwiceinherlife.Herfirsthusband,ConradQ.Chisholm,aJamaicanprivateinvestigator,whomshemarriedin1949,divorcedherin1977.[14]ShemarriedArthurHardwick,Jr.in1978.Hardwickdiedin1986.DuringherlifetimeChisholmdidnothaveanychildren.
ShortlyafterChisholm'sdeath,inFebruary2005,adocumentaryfilmtitledChisholm'72:
Unbought&Unbossed,documentingher1972presidentialbid,waspremiered(首次展出)onPBS.
BarbaraLee,anAfrican-AmericanwomanwhowasinvolvedinChisholm'spresidentialcampaigninnorthernCalifornia,lateralsobecameamemberoftheHouseofRepresentatives.
2.Pre-readingQuestions
1)Whatissuesarebeingdiscussedinthisarticle?
Twoissuesareinvolvedinthearticle:
racialandsexualdiscrimination.WhilemanyAmericansarenowconsideringracialdiscriminationagainsttheblacks,notmanyarereallyreadytoadmitthatthereisstillprejudiceagainstwomen.Thetwentiethcenturyisstillaman’sworld.Indeed,nocountrycanboastthatitswomenenjoyfullequalitywithmen.Inmanyso-called“freeanddemocraticcountries”,theequalityislargelynominal.
2)Whatisthemostimportantrightforwomentoimprovetheirsocialstatus?
Sexualdiscriminationhasalongerhistorythanracialdiscrimination,andisthereforemoredeep-rootedinthemindsofmillionsofpeople.Ithasnowbeenacceptedasaxiomaticthatequalrightstovoteandtobeelectedtonationalofficearefundamentaltowomen’sstatus.Equalityoffranchisewithmenwasfoughtforardentlyandforalongtimebyadedicatedminorityagainstheavyresistanceonthepartofthe“established”.By1971,ofthe129countriesthatweremembersoftheUNorthespecializedagenciesorwerepartiestothestatusoftheinternationalCourtofJustice,allbuteightallowedwomentovoteinallelectionsandtobeeligibleforelectiononthesamebasiswithmen.
EqualvotingrightsforwomencametotheUnitedStatesaslateas1920.Therighttovoteisanessentialmeansofinfluencingthedistributionofpoliticalpower,butthepercentageofwomenelectedasmembersofcongressisonlyabout2%intheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentatives.Aftermorethanhalfacenturyofwomen’ssuffrage,thenumberofwomeninhighpositionsofpoliticalpowerandinfluenceintheUSisstillsmallenoughforthemtobeknownbyname.
Theauthor,ShirleyChisholm,beingblackandfemaleatthesametime,hadtofaceuptothedoubleprejudiceagainsther.Soshesays,“BeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon.”
II.DetailedStudyoftheText
GeneralRemarks:
ThearticlediscussestwomajorsocialproblemsintheUS----racialdiscriminationandwomen’srightsinaman’sworld.Writteninthe1970s,thetexttellsuswhatishappeningintheUStoday.AsablackwomanelectedtoCongress,ShirleyChisholmherepresentsatruepictureofthetwomajorsocialproblemsintheUSfromherpersonalexperience.
Thearticleaimsatraisingthepublic’sawarenessofsexualinequalityforwomen.Theauthorthinksitishardertoeliminatetheprejudiceagainstwomen,becausewomenintheUSaremuchmorebrainwashedandcontentwiththeirrolesassecond-classcitizensthatblackseverwere.ShecallsupontheAmericanwomentorealizethequalitiestheynaturallyhaveorhavehadtodevelopbecauseoftheirsuppressionbymen.Sheholdsthatthecountryneedswomen’sidealismanddetermination,perhapsmoreinpoliticsthananywhereelse.
Para.1
Generalremarks:
Thisparagraphintroducesthetopicandthemeofthepassage,thatisthewidespreadandyetseeminglyunnoticedsexualdiscriminationagainstwomen,whichisevenmoreseriousthanracialdiscriminationagainstblacks.
Q1:
Whydoestheauthorthink“beingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon”?
Becausetheauthorisbothblackandfemale,whicharethetwohandicapstotheroadtoone’spoliticalcareer?
1.Phenomenon:
(1)afact,event,typeofbehavior,etc.thatexistsandcanbeexperiencedbythesenses,esp.onethatisunusualand/orofscientificinterest;
e.g.Magnetismisanaturalphenomenon.
SnowinEgyptisanalmostunknownphenomenon
Internationalterrorismisnotjustarecentphenomenon.
(2)averyunusualperson,thing,event,etc.
e.g.Harry’srapidsuccessmadehimaphenomenoninthebusinessworld.
Achildwhocanplaypianoattheageof2wouldbecalledaphenomenon.
2.…mademesomekindofphenomenon:
…mademesomethingunusual.
3.BeingthefirstblackwomanelectedtoCongresshasmademesomekindofphenomenon:
BecauseIamthefirstblackwomantobee