英语高二英语阅读理解教育文化专题训练答案及解析.docx

英语高二英语阅读理解教育文化专题训练答案及解析.docx

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英语高二英语阅读理解教育文化专题训练答案及解析

（英语）高二英语阅读理解（教育文化）专题训练答案及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类

1．阅读理解

   Bynowyou'veprobablyheardaboutthe"you'renotspecial"speech,whenEnglishteacherDavidMcCulloughtoldgraduatingseniorsatWellesleyHighSchool:

"Donotgettheideayou'reanythingspecial,becauseyou'renot."Mothersandfatherspresentattheceremony一andawholelotofotherparentsacrosstheInternet—tookissuewithMcCullough'sego-puncturing（伤自尊的）words.Butlostintheuproar（喧嚣）wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:

ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:

wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.

   Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudyandit'softenexactlywhenwe'releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously,ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirselfevaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"lackinsight"intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?

Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden":

they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.

   InDunningandKruger'sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor-extremelyoverestimated''theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile（百分位数）theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked（inaddition9clearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor）was"metacognitiveskill"thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:

Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatfield?

Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe'redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.

   Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:

anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.

   Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement（毕业典礼）speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.

（1）Theauthorthinkstherealproblemisthat       .

A.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetter

B.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged

C.wedon'tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornot

D.youngpeopledon'tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealistically

（2）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents      

A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicandpropergrammar

B.tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfields

C.don'tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimits

D.don'tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgement

（3）Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat       .

A.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothers

B.thebestwaytogetbetteristocarefullystudypastsuccessandfailure

C.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefails

D.neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial

（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.TipOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecial

B.Let'sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecial

C.SpecialorNot?

TeachKidsToFigureItOut

D.TellTheTruth:

KidsOverestimatetheirTalents

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，是特殊或者不是？

我们要教会孩子理解它。

作者认为真正的问题是年轻人不知道如何现实地评估自己的能力。

想要变得特别，我们需要对自己诚实和他人对我们的诚实。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Butlostintheuproar（喧嚣）wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:

ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities”,可知作者认为人们应该在喧嚣之后记住：

现在的年轻人不知道他们究竟有没有天赋，其根本原因是他们不知道如何实际地评估自己的能力。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“sufferfroma“dualburden":

they'renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.”得低分的学生遭受着双重负担，即他们不擅长自己所做的，并且他们的笨拙让他们无法意识到自己有多差。

由此可推断，得高分的学生擅长自己所作的。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.和Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'redoingwrong.”可知我们要学会诚实地将自己和他人进行比较，也需要一个人将我们做的不好的，以及做错了什么如实相告。

由此可推测变得特别的策略表明我们需要对自己诚实，也需要别人对我们诚实。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段“Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'tneedparents,oracommencement（毕业典礼）speaker,totellthemthatthey'respecial.They'llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.”可知教会了孩子文中提到的策略，孩子就可以知道他们自己是否特别，或者已经在变得特别的路上。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.

   The2015ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment（评估）（PISA）showsmathsscoresintheUSgettinglowerandnoimprovementinscienceorreading.PISAtests15-year-oldsfromdifferentcountriesandregionsintheirmaths,scienceandreadingskills.About540,000studentsfrom72countriesandregionstookpartintheassessmentin2015.

   USscoresinreadingandsciencewereaboutthesameasthreeyearsago,leavingAmericansnearthemiddleofthebiggergroup.Butthesituationinmathsismuchmoreworrying.TheUSaveragescorewas470,belowtheOECD（经合组织）testaverageof490,meaningtheUSwasNo.40amongthe72countriesandareas.Itwas12pointslowerthanin2012and18pointslowerthanin2009.So,whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents'mathsskills?

   OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth."StudentsareoftengoodatansweringthefirstpartofaproblemintheUnitedStates,"saidAndreasSchleicher,directorofeducationandskillsatOECD."Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties."Incomparison,manyhigh-performingcountriesandregionsinmathsteachalotlessbutfocusinmuchgreaterdepth,especiallywhenyoulookatEastAsia,JapanandSingapore,accordingtoSchleicher.

   AnotherreasonmaybethefactthatmanypeopleintheUSareunwillingtotraveltoforeigncountriestolearnbetterteachingpractices."OneofourbiggestchallengesintheUSisthattheteachersarenotgoingoutandseeingwhathigh-performingcountriesdodifferently,"saidWendyKopp,whostartedTeachforAmerica,inanewsprogramme.

（1）Whenitcomestothe2015PISAresults,peopleintheUSeducationaremoreconcernedabout        .

A. theUSaveragescore

B. thedifferencesfromthepreviousPISA

C. Americanstudents'performanceinmaths

D. Americanstudents'situationinscienceandreadingskills

（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Americanstudentsarenotinterestedinsimplemathsproblems.

B.Americanstudentsareunwillingtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.

C.Americanmathsteachersenvyhigh-performingcountriesbetterteachingskills.

D.Americanmathsteachersseldomteachstudentshowtosolvecomplicatedproblems.

（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.ToinformpeopleofAmericanstudents'2015PISAresults.

B.ToanalysethecausesofAmericanstudents'problemswithmaths.

C.TostresstheimportanceoflearningmathswelltoAmericastudents.

D.TogiveAmericanmathsteacherssomeadviceonhowtoteachmaths.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了2015年PISA评估结果显示美国学生的数学成绩较之以前有明显下降,进而分两方面阐述了造成这一结果的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.”可知美国的教育界人士最近非常担心的是美国学生在数学上的表现,“anewreport”指的正是下文的2015年的PISA,故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth.”可知美国的数学教学深度不够,导致；以及“Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties.”美国学生在复杂问题的求解上有很大的困难。

故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。

由PISA评估引出问题“…whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents’mathsskills?

”,美国学生的数学技能怎么样了?

接着下文的两段分别列出了“Onereason…”和“Anotherreason…”,分析了美国学生在数学上出现问题的原因,故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Parentsdonotowe（欠）theirchildrenacollegeeducation.Iftheycanaffordit,theycancertainlysendthemtoagooduniversity.Buttheyneedn't