学年人教版英语必修三新素养同步讲义Unit 4 Astronomy Section Ⅳ Grammar Word版含答案.docx

学年人教版英语必修三新素养同步讲义Unit 4 Astronomy Section Ⅳ Grammar Word版含答案.docx

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学年人教版英语必修三新素养同步讲义Unit4AstronomySectionⅣGrammarWord版含答案

SectionⅣ　Grammar

名词性从句——主语从句

1．（教材P25）Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.

2．（教材P25）Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.

3．（教材P26）Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.

4．（教材P26）Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.

5．（教材P26）Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.

6．（教材P26）Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.

定义

在主从复合句中，充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。

◆Howtheearthcameintoexistenceremainsamysterytous.

地球是如何形成的对我们来说仍然是一个谜。

◆Itworriedthewomanthathersonwasalwaysplayingcomputergames.

儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这位女士很担心。

引导主语从句的连接词

引导主语从句的连接词有三类：

从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。

1．连接词that和whether/if

（1）that引导的主语从句

◆Thatmyparentsalwaystreatmeasalittlechildmakesmeveryunhappy.

我的父母总是像对待小孩子那样对我让我很不开心。

◆Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorenewstudentsthisyearistrue.

今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。

（2）whether/if引导的主语从句

◆Whetherhecanfinishhistaskontimeisofgreatimportance.

他是否能按时完成他的任务非常重要。

◆Whetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldisnotcertainnow.　运动会是否将举行现在还不确定。

（1）that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用。

（2）whether在从句中不充当任何成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。

【即时演练1】——用适当的连接词填空

①Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.

②Whetherwewillgoforanoutingtomorrowremainsunknown.

③Thatshebecameafamousphysicistmadeherparentsveryhappy.

④Whetherwegotherebytrainorbyairmakesnodifference.

2．连接代词引导主语从句

连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

常见的连接代词有who,whose,whom,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等。

◆Whowillbringupthechildhasn’tbeendecidedyet.

谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。

◆Whichlifestyleisthemostbeneficialtoourhealthisstillunknown.

还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。

◆Whoeverlovestheirchildrenwillbelovedbytheirchildren.

爱孩子的父母会被孩子爱。

◆Whateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.

无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。

【即时演练2】——用适当的连接词填空

①Whatmovedmemostdeeplywasthedeeplovebetweentheboyandhisparents.

②Whichpartofthecountryhewilltraveltoneedsdiscussing.

③Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybody.

④Whoeverwantstowintheelectionwillfacelotsofdifficulties.

3．连接副词引导主语从句

连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。

连接副词有when,where,why,how等。

◆Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.

这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。

◆Whereweshallhavethemeetingmakesnodifference.

我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。

主语从句中连接词的选择技巧：

（1）根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分。

（2）根据连接词在从句中的意义。

【即时演练3】——用适当的连接词填空

①Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.

②Wherethevaluablepaintingswerehiddenisstillamystery.

③Whentheywillhavethesportsmeetingisstillaquestion,fortheyhavesomanythingstodo.

④Whyhewasabsentfromthemeetingremainsamystery.

4．主语从句与形式主语it

有时为了考虑句子平衡，通常在含有主语从句的复合句中使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。

常见的用形式主语it的主语从句结构有：

（1）Itbe＋名词词组＋主语从句．

常用于这种句型的名词有apity,ashame,afact,anhonour,awonder,nowonder等。

◆Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.

她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。

（2）Itbe＋形容词＋主语从句．

◆（2018·江苏卷）It’sstrangethatheshouldhavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.

真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把书拿走了。

（3）Itbe＋过去分词＋主语从句．

◆Itisbelievedthatatleast20buildingsweredamagedordestroyed.

人们认为，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。

（4）It＋不及物动词（happen,seem,appear,etc.）＋主语从句．

◆IthappenedthatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalled.

他打电话时，我碰巧不在家。

（5）It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句．

◆Itsurprisedmethatourparentswouldn’tliketoacceptnewthings.

让我吃惊的是我们的父母不愿意接受新事物。

【即时演练4】——用适当的连接词填空

①It’sknownthatknowledgeistreasureandpracticeisthekeytosuccess.

②Itremainstobeseenwhethertheycantalkhimover.

③It’sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerebadlyhurt.

用适当的连接词填空

1．Itisobvioustothestudentsthattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.

2．Whatparentssayanddohasalifelongeffectontheirchildren.

3．WhetherTomwillwinthecomputercompetitionremainsasecrettillnextMonday.

4．Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.

5．Whetherwe’llgocampingtomorrowornotdependsontheweather.

6．Whoevergetstothehomefirststartscookingthesupper.

7．Whyhegaveupthechanceofstudyingabroadisunknown.

8．WhatmattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.

9．Accordingtotherules,whoeverfailstoreturnthebooksontimewillhavetheiraccountsfrozen.

10．ThatPeterwonthefirstprizeinthefinalexaminationsurprisedallofus.

11．Whatmovedmemostinthisfilmwasthattheboygaveallhismoneytothehomeless.

12．Whetherhewillattendthemeetingornottomorrowdependsonhistimeschedule.

13．ItisagreatpitythatLiYong,afamoushostinCCTV,diedofcancerattheageoffifty.

14．Howhemanagedtofinishthetaskbyhimselfisstillamysterytome.

15．WhenhewillcomebackfromCanadaisn’tknown,soIwillcallhimuptochecktheexacttime.

语法与写作

1．使林先生兴奋的是读者给予他的新书很高的评价。

WhatmadeMr.Linexcitedwasthathisnewbookwashighlypraisedbyreaders.

2．使张女士担心的事情是她的女儿没有回家。

ItworriedMrs.Zhangthatherdaughterdidn’tcomebackhome．

3．我们得不到的看起来比我们拥有的好。

Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.

4．这个计划是否会实施还不知道。

Itisstillunknownwhethertheplanwillbecarriedout．

5．谁将负责我们班级到目前为止还没确定。

Whowilltakechargeofourclasshasn’tbeendecidedsofar.

6．很明显，班主任对考试结果很满意。

Itisobviousthattheheadteacherispleasedwiththeresultoftheexam．

7．他在那么多人面前向他的父母表示感谢让他的父母很感动。

Thatheexpressedhisthankstohisparentsinfrontofsomanypeoplemovedhisparents.

8．孩子们最需要的是爱而不是钱和玩具。

Whatkidsneedmostisloveratherthanmoneyandtoys.

9．不管是谁干的这事，早晚要被抓住并受到惩罚。

Whoeverdidthiswillbecaughtandpunishedsoonerorlater.

10．他是如何挣到这么多钱对我来说依旧是个谜。

Howhemadesomuchmoneyremainsamysterytome.

[学生用书P131（单独成册）]

用适当的连接词填空

1．WhatinterestedmemostwashowthemanescapedfromCubaandmadehiswaytoMiami.

2．ThathersoncamebacksafelymadeMrs.Wangfeelrelieved.

3．Whowillbeinchargeoftheprojectisquiteimportant.

4．Whichoneisthehealthiestisuncertain.

5．When/WhetherMr.GreenwillreturnfromChinabyplanehasn’tbeendecidedyet.

6．Where/How/WhenBobgotsuchimportantinformationisstillamystery.

7．Howourbrainworksisbeingstudiedbythescientists.

8．WhyJohnsongaveupsuchagoodchanceisstillunknown.

9．Itwasreportedthatthetwocompanieswouldcarryoutaprojecttogether.

10．Itdoesn’tmattermuchwhetheryouwillcometothepartyornot.

11．WhyTommovedtoCanadasuddenlyremainsapuzzle.

12．Whatcausedhimtobesoangrymadeuscurious.

13．Itisagreatpitythatyoudidn’tgotoHelen’sbirthdayparty.

14．ItisnotclearwhetherMichaelwillgocampingontheweekend.

15．Whatconcernsthebossmostishowtoimprovecustomerservice.

阅读理解

Forpeoplelivinginthedigital（数字的）age,ithasbecom

ealmostrequiredtobeactiveonsocialmedia.Facebookhasbeenaroundformorethan10years.AndwiththelargeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingTwitter,InstagramandSnapchat,socialmediatakeupalargepartofoureverydaylives.Theyallowustocommunicatewithourfamilyandfriendseasily.Theyalsoallowustojoinsomeorganizationsandmeetsomenewpeoplewewouldhaveneverhadthechancetoknowwithoutsocialmedia.However,socialmediacanalsobeannoyingsometimes.

Forme,Ifinditupsettingtoalwaysbeawareofwherepeopleareandwhatthey’redoing.ThiswasmyproblemwithSnapchat,becauseitmakesyouwalkthroughotherpeople’slifeallthetime.BackwhenFacebookwasbecomingpopular,peoplebeganpointingouthowitmaybeunhealthy,becauseitallowsyoutocompareyourlifewiththelivespeoplechoosetomakepublic.ThisisespeciallyaproblemonsomeplatformslikeSnapchat.ItwasupsettingtogothroughstoriesonalazySaturdayeveningwhereyouseepeopleoutdoingthingswhileyou’rejustsittingathomewatchingNetflix.

Thisisnottopaintsocialmediaassomedamagingforcethatisruininglives.Mostpeoplecanusesocialmediawithoutgettingannoyedorhurt.Ifyoufeellikeyoursocialmediauseishealthyanditmakesyouhappy,thenIencourageyoutocontinue.However,ifyouthinkitbringsouttheworstinyou,considertakingabreak.I’mnotmeaningneverusingTwitteragain,buttakingafewweeksormonthstostepawayandremoveitfromyourlife.IleftbothmyTwitterandSnapchataccountsactiveincaseIwishtomakethereturninthefuture.Fornow,I’menjoyingthefreedomthatgoeswithouthavingtocheckeverynotification（通知）andknowingeverythingabouteveryonetofocusonmyself.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文。

现在社交媒体在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用，但是也给我们的生活带来了一些消极的影响。

1．WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellusaboutsocialmedia?

A．Theyareconsideredannoyingbymostusers.

B．Theyhavebecomepopularallovertheworld.

C．Theyareconsideredamustbydifferentagegroups.

D．Theyhaveplayedanimportantroleinourdailylife.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第一段的AndwiththelargeincreaseinthenumberofpeopleusingTwitter...chancetoknowwithoutsocialmedia.可推测，第一段表明社交媒体现在在我们的生活中起着非常重要的作用。

2．Whatwastheauthor’sproblemwithSnapchat?

A．Shealwayshadtopayattentiontoothers’activities.

B．Shedidn’thavemuchtosharewithothers.

C．Shefounditdifficultforhertouseit.

D．Shewastoobusytouseit.

A　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段的Forme,Ifinditupsettingtoalways...becauseitmakesyouwalkthroughotherpeople’slifeallthetime.可知，作者的问题是：

她不得不经常去关注别人的生活。

3．WhentheauthorwasgoingthroughstoriesonSnapchat,howdidshemostproba