ssd2 exercise答案.docx

ssd2 exercise答案.docx

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ssd2exercise答案

exercise1

Question1

A:

a.yourfriendJenisanativeFrenchspeakerwhohasimmigratedtotheUnitedStatestoteachFrenchinhighschool.Shepaysspecialattentiontoherstudents’pronunciationandworksveryhardtoshowherstudentshowtopronouncewordscorrectlyinFrench.Knowingthatyouaretakingacourseincomputersystems,sheasksifyouknowofanycomputertechnologythatcanhelpherstudentslearntospeakaforeignlanguagewithcorrectpronunciations.Whatwouldbeyourresponsetoher?

Dear,jen

  Ihaverecixeyourletter.IknowyouhavesometroubleinhowtoshowyourstudentscorrectlyinFrench.

Therearetwocomputersoftwaremaybeusefultoyou.Thefirstoneisthehowtopronouncewords“TheTalkingHead”,itisasoftwarecanbeusedinlanguagetraining.TheTalkingHeadrealisticallysimulatestheheadofahumanbeing,withacomputer-synthesizedvoicethatsoundshuman-like.Thevoiceofthetalkingheadisverylifelike.Ithinkitwillgiveyourstudentsmorechancetoexercisetheirspoken—french.ThesecondsoftwareisFluency:

Automaticforeignlanguagepronunciationtrainingsoftware.Itcaninterpretpronunciationsandprovidefeedbackonhowwepronounceawordandhowtocorrectthepronunciations.Ithinkitwillhelpyourstudentexercisethepronunciation.

 Bestwishes!

                                         Yours

                                         ZhaoGuoping

B:

Yourunclehasworkedfor30yearsasasalesrepresentative.Hehasaccumulatedover10,000businesscardsthroughouthiscareer.Hekeepsastackofnotebookswherehewritesdowneachcustomer’scontactinformation,profile,andspecialinterests.Whenmakingcustomercontacts,hespendsalargeamountoftimetryingtoidentifythetargetgroupofcustomers.Describeaneasierandfasterwayoforganizingtheinformationhehascollectedmakinguseofavailabletechnology.

IsuggestmyuncleuseCustomerrelationshipmanagementsoftware.ACRMsoftwaresystemcancollectinformationaboutcustomerdemographics,andinvestigatecustomer-purchasingbehaviorswiththeobjectiveofpredictingcustomerneedsandincreasingrevenues.So,IthinktheCRMsoftwarewarehelpsmyuncleorganizingtheinformationhehascollected.

C:

YourfriendAlexistaskedtogenerateanumberofseriesofpostersofthesamepicturevaryinginpostersize,colortone,andlayoutforaclassprojectduein5hours.Heisveryfrustratedbecauseeachposterdesignwouldtakehimabout3hourstoproducewithcolorpencils.Howcouldsoftwarebeusedtosolvethisproblem?

ShecanuseGraphicssoftware.Itisdesignedtohelpcreate,manipulate,andprintgraphics.HereIwillgiveherfivesoftware,Paintsoftware、Photoeditingsoftware,Drawingsoftware,3Dgraphicssoftware,CADsoftwareandPresentationsoftware.Ithinkthissoftwarewillhelphertosolveherproblems.

Question2

A:

a.Completethefollowingchartbyconvertingthenumbersgiveninoneofthenotationstotheothertwo.Showcalculations.

Binary

Decimal

Hexadecimal

1010101

85

0x55 

1100110

102

0x66

1111

15

0x F

11111010

250

0xFA

10101111

175

0xAF

110110110

438

0x1B6

B:

Whatistheminimumnumberofbitsthatcanbeusedtorepresentthedecimalnumber213?

（Hint:

convert213tobinary.）

8bits

C:

Whatistheminimumnumberofbytesthatcanbeusedtorepresentthedecimalnumber213?

1byte

D:

Whatisapurposeofusinghexadecimalnotation?

  IttakesmoredigitstoexpressavalueinbinarynotationthaninHexadecimalnotation.AndComputerprofessionalshaveadoptedhexadecimalnotationasshorthandforbinarysothattheycanexpressbinaryvaluesmoreconcisely.

E:

WhatisASCIIcode?

 AmericaStandardCodeforInformationInterchangecode.

Question3

YoucanobtainthebinaryrepresentationofawordbyconcatenatingtheASCIIvaluesofeachletter.Forexample,“SSD2”inbinaryrepresentationis010100110100010000110010.

a.“Fun”inbinaryrepresentationis01000110  01110101  01101110.

b.“Play”inbinaryrepresentationis01010000  01101100  01100001 01111001,whichisequivalentto1349280121indecimalrepresentation.

c.01100011011000010111001001100101011001010111001001110011isthebinaryrepresentationoftheASCIIstringcareers.

d.0x7374617274isahexadecimalrepresentationoftheASCIIstringstart.

e.1751478885isthedecimalrepresentationoftheASCIIstringhere.

7:

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Mainboard

Mainboard

Briefintroduction:

Themainboardisoneofthemostimportantpartsinthecomputer,andthefoundationthatthewholecomputerworks.Ingeneral,themainboardismadeupbyseveralfollowingparts:

MemoryslotofCPUslot[thesocket],high-speedlandbus,officeofbuffermemory,expandbusharddisk,floppydrive,clustersofmouth,andsubstandardtosetupinterfaceclockandCMOSmainboardBIOScontrolthechipmouth.

Memoryslot:

Letmecometoseememoryagain,thememorycanbedividedintotwokinds,oneisRAM,namedandreadandwrittenthememoryatrandom,canreadandcanwrite,thecontentcan'tbekeptaftercuttingout.AnotherkindisROM,calltheread-onlymemory,canonlyreadandcan'twriteinto,thecontentwillnotbelostaftercuttingout,thisBIOSchiponthemainboardisROMchip;PresentBIOSchiponmostmainboardsusesFLASHROM,canwipeROMwrittenwiththesoftware,canbewrittenintothecontentunderhighervoltage,thisBIOSchiponthemainboardis.TherearemanykindsofRAM,thecommononeisdynamicRAMandstaticRAM. Wesayusuallyhowmuchmemorythecomputerisfurnishedwith,itisdynamicmemorytopoint.Here,wemainlyhavealookattheslotoftheregularmemory,therearetwokindsofmainlytousetroughsofoneofregularmemoryonthemainboardatpresent,themostnew-typeoneiscalledDIMMtrough.ThereistheoneabitolderthatiscalledSIMMtrough.

   HashadmemoryofDIPandSIPtype,theyallinsertpullingouttype,itisapttocausedamaging,nowhasalreadybeeneliminated.DIMMpresentmainboardsoftheaboveofsurgingforwardwillallofferDIMMtrough,itisLine168,usedforinstallingSDRAM.SDRAMChinesemeaningisthesynchronousdynamicmemory,ithasongoodtermserperformancethanordinaryDRAM.DIMMmemoryshouldinsertthememoryinthesocket,thecardreedtobepushedbothsideswhileremovingverticallywhileinstalling,thememorywillhavebeenliftedoutthesocket.Shouldpulloutwithhandhelpwhenthesocketistootight,soasnottodamagethecardreed.ThoughSIMMoffermainboard,SIMMoftroughseeseldomalreadynow,butwecan'tyetforgetthispersonmake"friend"ofgreatmeritforcomputerdevelopmenttemporarily.

SIMMtroughsthatcanseenowareallLine72,andusually4.BothendsofSIMMtroughhavespringslice,playthefunctionofoneoftheregularmemory.ItisveryeasytoinstallSIMMmemory,inlaysmouthsintheoneofone'sendofmemory,socanonlyinstallinacorrectway,putslopingintothenotchit,thenpushtothecorrectposition,theclipofbothendswilllockit.ItmustpushthecardreedinbothsidestoremoveSIMMone.Buffermemory:

UsuallyCachethatpeoplesayreferstobuffermemorySRAM.SRAMcallsthestaticmemory,"staticbehavior"ismeantafterwewriteasumofdataintoSRAM,unlesswriteintothenewdataorclosethepoweragain,thedatawrittenintokeepintact.

   BecausethespeedofCPUismuchquickerthanthespeedofthememoryandharddisk,willmakeCPUwaitwhiledeposittingandwithdrawthedata,influencethespeedofthecomputer.TheaccessofSRAMisallquickerthanothermemoryandharddiskinspeed,soitisusedasthehigh-speedbuffermemory（Cache）ofthecomputer.

   Thereishigh-speedbuffermemory,canwritethedataamongtheminadvancefirst,readfromitdirectlywhileneeding,thishasshortennedthewaitingtimeofCPU.Itisonthebasisofakindofstatisticslawthatthehigh-speedbuffermemorycanimprovethesystematicspeed,controlsystemofmainboardwillwhichdatacanfrequentuseintheautomationstatisticalmemory,storethesedatainthehigh-speedbuffermemory,whenCPUshouldvisitthesedata,lookforwhenwillreachCachefirst,thusimprovethespeedofoperationofthewhole.Generallyspeaking,thehigh-speedbuffermemoryof256Kcanmakethespeedofthecompletemachineimprovebyabout10%equally.

   Willallusuallyoffer256Kbuffermemoryto1Monthemainboards.Thereishigh-speedbuffermemorytoowithinCPU,forinstance,486CPUhashigh-speedbuffermemoryof8K,Pentiumhashigh-speedbuffermemoryof16K.PentiumIIhas32Kfirstclassbuffermemory,thereisfirstclassCacheof64KinAMDK6-2,thereisfirstclassCacheof64KinAMDK6-3,withsecondCacheof256K,thereisCacheof64KinCyrixMII

ThebusandCPUtemperaturesurveythedevice

Bus

Sumup:

BesidesCPUtypesupported,thesecondimportantcharacteristicofthemainboardisatypeofthebus.Theso-calledbusjoinsCPUandmemory,buffermemory,outsideandcontrolsthedatapasswayamongthechip;Therearedatapasswaysbetweenthetroughstocontrolthechipandexpand,isnamed:

Expandbuses,orsomebus.Expandthefunctionthatthebusallowsuserstoexpandthecomputerthroughinstallingthenewexpansioncard.Forexampleyoumightthinkinstallationsoniccardisitincreasevoicefunctiontocome,installationnetworkcardcomestojointhenetwork.Themoreexpansiontroughsonthemainboardare,themoreexpansioncardsthatuserscaninstallare.Usuallyeachmainboardoffers5-8toexpandthetrough,theymaybedifferentbustypes.Expandtohaveneedle,withinsertconne