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Unit5

Unit5

CommunityService

I.Introduction

Inthemodernsociety,communityserviceisverynecessary.Italsoplayedaimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife.Intheworld,therearemanypeoplewhoneedhelp.Asforthosewhohavenobodyaroundthemtoseetheirneed,theycanturntocommunityserviceorganizationsforhelp.Supportedbythevolunteers,communityserviceorganizationscarryoutavarietyoftasks,providinghelptotheold,thehandicapped,thehomelessandthefriendless.

II.Vocabulary

Readnewwordsandphrases,trytogettheirmeanings.

III.Outline

Howmanypartscanbedivided?

（threeparts）Trytocatchthemainideaandfinishexercise2,3.

PartI（Para1）Thedesireofhelpingpeople

PartII（Para2—4）Thebodyofthetext

Para2Communityserviceisawaytohelppeopleindeed

Communityservicemeans“what”?

Whatisthemaintaskofcommunityservice?

（helpthepeoplearoundyou）

Whatisthemainformofthecommunityservice?

（voluntaryhelp）

Para3-4Thehelpofferedbycommunityservice

Whichkindsofpeoplethecommunityservicemainlyconcerned?

（Mainlyconcernedwiththeoleandthehandicapped）

Para3Mainlyconcernedwiththeold

Weshoulddowhat?

Redecoratetheirhomes

Householdrepairs,cleaning,preparingfood

Takingcareofthegarden

Toreadortowriteletterforelderlypeoplewithfailingeyesight

Para4Mainlyconcernedwiththehandicapped

1）takespeoplewhoconfinedtowheelchairsgoout

2）gowithblindchildrentoswimming

3）asavisitou

4）alsocanhelphospitalsandyoungchildren

PartIII.（Para5）Howcanonetakepartincommunityservice?

Sourcesofinformation:

TheCouncilofSocialService

TheGuildofSocialWelfare

TheCitizens’AdviceBureau

TheWomen’sRoyalVoluntaryService

ChurchesandtheScouts

Youthgroupsforcommunityservice

IV.LanguagePoints

1.cometosb:

（ofanidea）occurtosb

Theideacametohiminhisbath.

Itsuddenlycametoherthatshehadbeenwrongallalong.

2.naturally:

adv.ofcourse;asmightbeexpected

Didyouanswerherletter?

Naturally

Naturally,asabeginnerI’mnotaverygooddriveryet.

3.seesbdoingsth:

isafixstructureotherverbslike:

watch,hear,listento,observealsocanbeusedinthisstructure.

4.makesure:

findoutwhethersthisdefinitelyso

Ithinkthedoor’slocked,butI’dbettergoandmakesure.

Ionlycametomakesurethateverythingwasallright.

5.bein（no）dangerof:

（not）tobeinasituationinwhichsomethingunpleasantmayhappen

Hewasinnodangeroflosinghislife.

Whileindangerofbeingattackedbytwogunmen,shewassurprisinglycalm.

6.particular:

adj.asattributive;morethanusual;special;exceptional

amatterofparticularimportance特别重要的事情

fornoparticularreason无特殊原因

Shetookparticularcarenottoovercookthemeat.

7.occurto:

comeinto（aperson’smind）想到,想起

Anideahasoccurredtome.

Itneveroccurredtohertoaskanyone.

8.bein（no）apositiontodosomething:

tobe（un）abletodosth

PerhapsIshallbeinapositiontohelpyounextweek.

Thepoorfamilywasinnopositiontobringupthetwins.

9.Absoluteconstruction（独立结构）

Usage:

两句中无连词,其中一句比以谓语形式出现

按结构形式分:

不定式独立结构

--ing分词独立结构,（本文）通常在句中起状语分句的作用

--ed分词独立结构

无动词独立结构

独立结构与主句之间通常用逗号隔开,但也用破折号的.常见于正式语体,特别是文学体裁,在口语中较为罕见.

10.carryout:

dosthasrequiredorspecified;fulfillsth

carryoutapromise,athreat,aplan,anorder

Thehospitaliscarryingoutteststofindoutwhat’swrongwithher.

Don’tblameme,I’monlycarryingoutmyorders.

11.avariety（noun）of:

numberorrangeofdifferentthings

Heleftforavarietyofreasons.

alargevarietyofpatterntochoosefrom

vary:

v.1）varyinsth:

bedifferentinsize,volume,strength呈现不同

Thesefishvaryinweightfrom3lbto5lb.

2）varywithsth;varyfromsthtosth:

change,accordingtosomefactor改动,变化,变动（尤指伴随某种因素产生）

Pricesvarywiththeseasons.

Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtoextremedepression.

12.giveup:

1）toagreetodosthduringthetimeyouwouldnormallyspenddoingthingsyouenjoy.

Theclubsecretarywillneedtogiveupanhourortwoaweektodothecorrespondence.

2）stopdoingorhavingsth

Shedidn’tgiveupherjobwhenshegotmarried.

Yououghttogiveupsmoking;Igaveituplastyear.

13.lendahand:

givesbhelpwithsth在某事上帮助某人

lendanear:

（tosb/sth）listenpatientlyandsympathetically耐心而同情的听着Wemustlendahandwithhisproblem.

Helendanattentiveeartothewordsofwisdom.

14.beinneedof:

toneed

Thewholehouseisinneedofdecorating.

Ifeltlonelyandinneedofcompanionship.

15.beconcernedwith:

beabout

Herlatestdocumentaryisconcernedwithyouthunemployment.

IwanttoborrowabookwhichisconcernedwithAmericanhistory.

16.takecareof:

lookafter

Shetakesgreatcareofherchildren.

Who’stakingcareofthedogwhileyou’reaway?

17.prove:

（linkverb）toturnout（tobe）

Thesebooksprovedinteresting.

Theyoungmanhasprovedcompetent

18.fail:

v.herereferstohealth,eyesightetcbecomeweak

Hehassufferedfromfailinghealth.

Hiseyesightisfailing..

19.beconfinedto:

tohavestayinaplace,espbecauseoneisill

Iwasconfinedtobedforaweekwithaheavycold.

Althoughconfinedtoawheelchair,sheisactiveinsociallife.

20.morethan:

hereusedtoemphasizehowwelcomeavisitoris.

morethan+happy,glad,willing（etc）:

veryhappy,glad,willingtodosth（非常乐意做某事）

I’mmorethanhappytotakeyouthereinmycar.

“Isupposeyouwillbeworkinglateagaintonight?

”

“Morethanlikely,yes.”

21.asis/was/does:

inthesamewayassb/sthelseis,doesetc

Eve’sverytall,aswashermother.

IvotedLabor,asdidmywife.

V.Summary

Itisregardedasourresponsibilitytogivehelptootherswhennecessary.Thishelpisoftenaccomplishedbyvolunteeringatacommunityservicecenter.Thosewhomostneedhelparetheoldandthehandicapped,whomaybelonelyorunabletomoveaboutfreely.Ifyouwanttotakepartinthisservice,youcangetinformationfromsuchsourcesasyourschool,aspecialcommitteeorcouncil,thepubliclibrary,churchesandyouthorganizations.

VI.Exercises

ExerciseP88.10

can:

1）表能够Icanliftthisstone.

Could主要指过去Couldtheboyreadbeforehewenttoschool?

2）表可能Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.

3）表允许Youcanborrowmybiketomorrow.

4）can与could相比较:

can与could表能够与可能时,can表真实,could表非真实.HecanspeakEnglish.

HecouldspeakEnglishifnecessary.（表能够）

Youcangetthebookfromthelibrary,

Youcouldgetthebookfromthelibraryifnecessary.（表可能）

5）表允许和推测时,只是could语气较为委婉,含义较不确定

CanIuseyourpen?

（表允许）

CouldIuseyourpen?

（较为委婉）

may/might:

1）表可能,暗含不确定,等于possibly,perhaps,maybe

Hemaybebusygettingreadyforhistrip.

2）表允许

Thedirectorisalonenow.Soyoumayseehimnow.

3）表责备,只用might,用于肯定句

Youmightaskbeforeyouborrowmycar.

Youmighthavehelpedme.

5）may与might的比较

might可表虚拟语气,may则不可.

Itmighthelpalittleifyouwouldonlykeepclean.

你只要愿意保持清洁,情况或许就会好一些

must:

1）表义务

Youmusttalktoyourdaughteraboutherfuture.

你必须跟女儿谈谈她的前途

2）在否定结构中表不许

Hemustnotleavehisroom.

他不许离开他的房间

3）表坚定的建议

Youmustcomeandseeuswhenyou’reinLondon.

你到伦敦后,应当来看看我们

4）表推测,暗含很大的可能性

Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.

他一定是病了.他的脸色苍白.

6）用于完成时,可表持续的动作

Itmusthavebeenrainingallthenight.Therearebigpuddlesinthegarden.

雨一定是下了整整一夜,花园里有大片大片的水

7）must与may的比较.二者均可表示推测,但侧重点不一样,may暗含不确定,must暗含很可能.

ForallIknow,hemaybeanactor.Hisfaceseemssofamiliar.

就我所看,他可能是个演员,他似乎很面熟

Hemustbeanactor.Hisvoicecarriessowell.

他一定是个演员,他的声音很洪亮

8）may和must均可用于否定句,表不许,但may较少用.对may表要求时的否定回答,一般用mustnot或cannot.

MayIsmokehere?

No,youmustn’t.（can’t）

will/would:

1）will（would）表意愿,主要用于第一人称;will指将来,would通常用于间接引语,指过去的将来

Iwillnotarguewithyou.我不愿意跟你争辩

IsaidIwoulddoanythingforhim.我说过我愿意为他做任何事

2）will（would）表拒绝,用于否定句

ThedoctorknowsIwon’tbeoperatedon.

大夫知道我不想做手术

3）will（would）表习惯或反复发生的动作

Johnwillfallasleepinchurch.约翰做礼拜时老睡觉

4）will（would）表请求,指将来,用于疑问句

Willyoudinewithmetomorrow,Lewis?

刘易斯,明天你同我一道吃饭好么?

5）would表感情色彩,用于肯定句和否定句

AuntieMeghasbeenverybrave.Yes.Shewouldbebrave

梅格姑母一直很勇敢.是呀,她当然勇敢（意料中的事）

6）will（would）用于if引导的条件从句,亦表意愿

IfyouwouldstandbymeIshouldhaveanothertry.

如果你肯支持我,我就再试一次

用于猜测,预测

uncertainmightThatmightbeGeorge

may

could

can

would

will

certainmustThatmustbeGeorge.

TextBPeopleontheMove

Outline:

PartI（Para1）Introduction,givingthemainideaandbrieflylistingthesupportingpoints

PartII（Para2-5）Illustratethesupportingpointsindetail

1）movefromtheEastcoasttotheWestcoast

2）movefromthecountrytothecity

3）movefromthecitytothesuburb

PartIII（Para6-10）Thedevelopmentofthesocietymakesthepeoplebeginanotherbigmovement.Americanpeoplearealwaysonthemove.

ExerciseP92.4

1.waiton:

actasaservantforsb（esp.byservingfoodanddrinkatameal）照料,伺候

2.growup:

develop,becomeadult/mature

3.takeup:

startorbeginningsth

4.onthemove:

movingfromplacetoplace

5.inpart:

toacertainextent

6.spreadout:

to（causeto）stretchinspaceortime

7.fallinto:

topassinto（acertainstate）

8.staybehind:

nottoleavethecitiesbutremainthere

ReadingSkills:

MakingUseofContentsandIndex

Beingabletousethecontentsandanindexisessentialespeciallywhenguessingwhatthepassageisaboutorscanningtolocatespecificinformationthatisrequired.Thecontentsoranindexisusuallyanorganizedalphabeticalornumericallistingofthingssuchasthepageorpagesinabookthatdealwithacertainsubject,thevarioussectionsofanewspaper,thecompaniesin