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Unit5
Unit5
CommunityService
I.Introduction
Inthemodernsociety,communityserviceisverynecessary.Italsoplayedaimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife.Intheworld,therearemanypeoplewhoneedhelp.Asforthosewhohavenobodyaroundthemtoseetheirneed,theycanturntocommunityserviceorganizationsforhelp.Supportedbythevolunteers,communityserviceorganizationscarryoutavarietyoftasks,providinghelptotheold,thehandicapped,thehomelessandthefriendless.
II.Vocabulary
Readnewwordsandphrases,trytogettheirmeanings.
III.Outline
Howmanypartscanbedivided?
(threeparts)Trytocatchthemainideaandfinishexercise2,3.
PartI(Para1)Thedesireofhelpingpeople
PartII(Para2—4)Thebodyofthetext
Para2Communityserviceisawaytohelppeopleindeed
Communityservicemeans“what”?
Whatisthemaintaskofcommunityservice?
(helpthepeoplearoundyou)
Whatisthemainformofthecommunityservice?
(voluntaryhelp)
Para3-4Thehelpofferedbycommunityservice
Whichkindsofpeoplethecommunityservicemainlyconcerned?
(Mainlyconcernedwiththeoleandthehandicapped)
Para3Mainlyconcernedwiththeold
Weshoulddowhat?
Redecoratetheirhomes
Householdrepairs,cleaning,preparingfood
Takingcareofthegarden
Toreadortowriteletterforelderlypeoplewithfailingeyesight
Para4Mainlyconcernedwiththehandicapped
1)takespeoplewhoconfinedtowheelchairsgoout
2)gowithblindchildrentoswimming
3)asavisitou
4)alsocanhelphospitalsandyoungchildren
PartIII.(Para5)Howcanonetakepartincommunityservice?
Sourcesofinformation:
TheCouncilofSocialService
TheGuildofSocialWelfare
TheCitizens’AdviceBureau
TheWomen’sRoyalVoluntaryService
ChurchesandtheScouts
Youthgroupsforcommunityservice
IV.LanguagePoints
1.cometosb:
(ofanidea)occurtosb
Theideacametohiminhisbath.
Itsuddenlycametoherthatshehadbeenwrongallalong.
2.naturally:
adv.ofcourse;asmightbeexpected
Didyouanswerherletter?
Naturally
Naturally,asabeginnerI’mnotaverygooddriveryet.
3.seesbdoingsth:
isafixstructureotherverbslike:
watch,hear,listento,observealsocanbeusedinthisstructure.
4.makesure:
findoutwhethersthisdefinitelyso
Ithinkthedoor’slocked,butI’dbettergoandmakesure.
Ionlycametomakesurethateverythingwasallright.
5.bein(no)dangerof:
(not)tobeinasituationinwhichsomethingunpleasantmayhappen
Hewasinnodangeroflosinghislife.
Whileindangerofbeingattackedbytwogunmen,shewassurprisinglycalm.
6.particular:
adj.asattributive;morethanusual;special;exceptional
amatterofparticularimportance特别重要的事情
fornoparticularreason无特殊原因
Shetookparticularcarenottoovercookthemeat.
7.occurto:
comeinto(aperson’smind)想到,想起
Anideahasoccurredtome.
Itneveroccurredtohertoaskanyone.
8.bein(no)apositiontodosomething:
tobe(un)abletodosth
PerhapsIshallbeinapositiontohelpyounextweek.
Thepoorfamilywasinnopositiontobringupthetwins.
9.Absoluteconstruction(独立结构)
Usage:
两句中无连词,其中一句比以谓语形式出现
按结构形式分:
不定式独立结构
--ing分词独立结构,(本文)通常在句中起状语分句的作用
--ed分词独立结构
无动词独立结构
独立结构与主句之间通常用逗号隔开,但也用破折号的.常见于正式语体,特别是文学体裁,在口语中较为罕见.
10.carryout:
dosthasrequiredorspecified;fulfillsth
carryoutapromise,athreat,aplan,anorder
Thehospitaliscarryingoutteststofindoutwhat’swrongwithher.
Don’tblameme,I’monlycarryingoutmyorders.
11.avariety(noun)of:
numberorrangeofdifferentthings
Heleftforavarietyofreasons.
alargevarietyofpatterntochoosefrom
vary:
v.1)varyinsth:
bedifferentinsize,volume,strength呈现不同
Thesefishvaryinweightfrom3lbto5lb.
2)varywithsth;varyfromsthtosth:
change,accordingtosomefactor改动,变化,变动(尤指伴随某种因素产生)
Pricesvarywiththeseasons.
Hermoodvariedfromoptimismtoextremedepression.
12.giveup:
1)toagreetodosthduringthetimeyouwouldnormallyspenddoingthingsyouenjoy.
Theclubsecretarywillneedtogiveupanhourortwoaweektodothecorrespondence.
2)stopdoingorhavingsth
Shedidn’tgiveupherjobwhenshegotmarried.
Yououghttogiveupsmoking;Igaveituplastyear.
13.lendahand:
givesbhelpwithsth在某事上帮助某人
lendanear:
(tosb/sth)listenpatientlyandsympathetically耐心而同情的听着Wemustlendahandwithhisproblem.
Helendanattentiveeartothewordsofwisdom.
14.beinneedof:
toneed
Thewholehouseisinneedofdecorating.
Ifeltlonelyandinneedofcompanionship.
15.beconcernedwith:
beabout
Herlatestdocumentaryisconcernedwithyouthunemployment.
IwanttoborrowabookwhichisconcernedwithAmericanhistory.
16.takecareof:
lookafter
Shetakesgreatcareofherchildren.
Who’stakingcareofthedogwhileyou’reaway?
17.prove:
(linkverb)toturnout(tobe)
Thesebooksprovedinteresting.
Theyoungmanhasprovedcompetent
18.fail:
v.herereferstohealth,eyesightetcbecomeweak
Hehassufferedfromfailinghealth.
Hiseyesightisfailing..
19.beconfinedto:
tohavestayinaplace,espbecauseoneisill
Iwasconfinedtobedforaweekwithaheavycold.
Althoughconfinedtoawheelchair,sheisactiveinsociallife.
20.morethan:
hereusedtoemphasizehowwelcomeavisitoris.
morethan+happy,glad,willing(etc):
veryhappy,glad,willingtodosth(非常乐意做某事)
I’mmorethanhappytotakeyouthereinmycar.
“Isupposeyouwillbeworkinglateagaintonight?
”
“Morethanlikely,yes.”
21.asis/was/does:
inthesamewayassb/sthelseis,doesetc
Eve’sverytall,aswashermother.
IvotedLabor,asdidmywife.
V.Summary
Itisregardedasourresponsibilitytogivehelptootherswhennecessary.Thishelpisoftenaccomplishedbyvolunteeringatacommunityservicecenter.Thosewhomostneedhelparetheoldandthehandicapped,whomaybelonelyorunabletomoveaboutfreely.Ifyouwanttotakepartinthisservice,youcangetinformationfromsuchsourcesasyourschool,aspecialcommitteeorcouncil,thepubliclibrary,churchesandyouthorganizations.
VI.Exercises
ExerciseP88.10
can:
1)表能够Icanliftthisstone.
Could主要指过去Couldtheboyreadbeforehewenttoschool?
2)表可能Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.
3)表允许Youcanborrowmybiketomorrow.
4)can与could相比较:
can与could表能够与可能时,can表真实,could表非真实.HecanspeakEnglish.
HecouldspeakEnglishifnecessary.(表能够)
Youcangetthebookfromthelibrary,
Youcouldgetthebookfromthelibraryifnecessary.(表可能)
5)表允许和推测时,只是could语气较为委婉,含义较不确定
CanIuseyourpen?
(表允许)
CouldIuseyourpen?
(较为委婉)
may/might:
1)表可能,暗含不确定,等于possibly,perhaps,maybe
Hemaybebusygettingreadyforhistrip.
2)表允许
Thedirectorisalonenow.Soyoumayseehimnow.
3)表责备,只用might,用于肯定句
Youmightaskbeforeyouborrowmycar.
Youmighthavehelpedme.
5)may与might的比较
might可表虚拟语气,may则不可.
Itmighthelpalittleifyouwouldonlykeepclean.
你只要愿意保持清洁,情况或许就会好一些
must:
1)表义务
Youmusttalktoyourdaughteraboutherfuture.
你必须跟女儿谈谈她的前途
2)在否定结构中表不许
Hemustnotleavehisroom.
他不许离开他的房间
3)表坚定的建议
Youmustcomeandseeuswhenyou’reinLondon.
你到伦敦后,应当来看看我们
4)表推测,暗含很大的可能性
Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.
他一定是病了.他的脸色苍白.
6)用于完成时,可表持续的动作
Itmusthavebeenrainingallthenight.Therearebigpuddlesinthegarden.
雨一定是下了整整一夜,花园里有大片大片的水
7)must与may的比较.二者均可表示推测,但侧重点不一样,may暗含不确定,must暗含很可能.
ForallIknow,hemaybeanactor.Hisfaceseemssofamiliar.
就我所看,他可能是个演员,他似乎很面熟
Hemustbeanactor.Hisvoicecarriessowell.
他一定是个演员,他的声音很洪亮
8)may和must均可用于否定句,表不许,但may较少用.对may表要求时的否定回答,一般用mustnot或cannot.
MayIsmokehere?
No,youmustn’t.(can’t)
will/would:
1)will(would)表意愿,主要用于第一人称;will指将来,would通常用于间接引语,指过去的将来
Iwillnotarguewithyou.我不愿意跟你争辩
IsaidIwoulddoanythingforhim.我说过我愿意为他做任何事
2)will(would)表拒绝,用于否定句
ThedoctorknowsIwon’tbeoperatedon.
大夫知道我不想做手术
3)will(would)表习惯或反复发生的动作
Johnwillfallasleepinchurch.约翰做礼拜时老睡觉
4)will(would)表请求,指将来,用于疑问句
Willyoudinewithmetomorrow,Lewis?
刘易斯,明天你同我一道吃饭好么?
5)would表感情色彩,用于肯定句和否定句
AuntieMeghasbeenverybrave.Yes.Shewouldbebrave
梅格姑母一直很勇敢.是呀,她当然勇敢(意料中的事)
6)will(would)用于if引导的条件从句,亦表意愿
IfyouwouldstandbymeIshouldhaveanothertry.
如果你肯支持我,我就再试一次
用于猜测,预测
uncertainmightThatmightbeGeorge
may
could
can
would
will
certainmustThatmustbeGeorge.
TextBPeopleontheMove
Outline:
PartI(Para1)Introduction,givingthemainideaandbrieflylistingthesupportingpoints
PartII(Para2-5)Illustratethesupportingpointsindetail
1)movefromtheEastcoasttotheWestcoast
2)movefromthecountrytothecity
3)movefromthecitytothesuburb
PartIII(Para6-10)Thedevelopmentofthesocietymakesthepeoplebeginanotherbigmovement.Americanpeoplearealwaysonthemove.
ExerciseP92.4
1.waiton:
actasaservantforsb(esp.byservingfoodanddrinkatameal)照料,伺候
2.growup:
develop,becomeadult/mature
3.takeup:
startorbeginningsth
4.onthemove:
movingfromplacetoplace
5.inpart:
toacertainextent
6.spreadout:
to(causeto)stretchinspaceortime
7.fallinto:
topassinto(acertainstate)
8.staybehind:
nottoleavethecitiesbutremainthere
ReadingSkills:
MakingUseofContentsandIndex
Beingabletousethecontentsandanindexisessentialespeciallywhenguessingwhatthepassageisaboutorscanningtolocatespecificinformationthatisrequired.Thecontentsoranindexisusuallyanorganizedalphabeticalornumericallistingofthingssuchasthepageorpagesinabookthatdealwithacertainsubject,thevarioussectionsofanewspaper,thecompaniesin