全国高考英语真题版.docx
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全国高考英语真题版
2018年高考英语真题试卷(全国卷Ⅰ含答案)
第一节(共15小题:
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Washington,D.CBicycleTours
CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
Duration:
3hours
ThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!
WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(4miles)
JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.
CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C
Duration:
3hours
MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour
Duration:
3hours(7miles)
JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
ACherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
BWashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.
CCapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C
DWashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.
22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?
AMeetfamouspeople.
BGotoanationalpark.
CVisitwell-knownmuseums.
DEnjoyinterestingstories.
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?
ACitymaps.
BCameras.
CMeals.
DSafetylights.
B
GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget。
InSaveMoney:
GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.
“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay£5foraportion(份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”
Theeight-partseries(系列节目),Savemoney:
GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:
GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.
Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?
ASheenjoysembarrassingherguests.
BShehasstartedanewprogramme.
CShedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.
DShehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.
25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna
AHebuyscookingmaterialsforher.
BHepreparesfoodforherkids.
CHeassistsherincookingmatters.
DHeinvitesguestfamiliesforher.
26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?
ASummarizethepreviousparagraphs.
BProvidesomeadviceforthereaders.
CAddsomebackgroundinformation.
DIntroduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
AKeepingFitbyEatingSmart
BBalancingOurDailyDiet
CMakingYourselfaPerfectChef
DCookingWellforLess
C
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,and dominant languagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersismere6,000,whichthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?
ATheydevelopedveryfast
BTheywerelargeinnumber
CTheyhadsimilarpatterns
DTheywerecloselyconnected
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?
AComplex
B.Advanced
CPowerful.
DModern
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
AAbout6,800
BAbout3,400
CAbout2,400
DAbout1,200
31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
ANewlanguageswillbecreated.
BPeople'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.
CHumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.
DGeographydetermineslanguageevolution.
D
Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.
Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndWP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.
Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-Wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.
Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?
Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.
32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?
ATheyareenvironment-friendly.
BTheyarenobetterthantheold.
CTheycostmoretouseathome.
DTheygooutofstylequickly.
33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?
AToreducethecostofminerals.
BTotestthelifecycleofaproduct.
CToupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.
DTofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.
34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?
AThebox-setTV.
BThetablet.
CTheLCDTV.
DThedesktopcomputer.
35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?
AStopusingthem
BTakethemapart
CUpgradethem.
DRecyclethem.
第二节 (共5小题:
每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou’llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneof