新能源电动汽车.docx

新能源电动汽车.docx

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新能源电动汽车

新能源电动汽车

Whatisanewenergyvehicle?

First,electriccarspopularscienceknowledge

Thesocialenvironmentforthedevelopmentofelectricvehicles

Automobileisanimportantmeansoftransportationinmodernsociety,providingpeoplewithconvenientandcomfortabletravelservices.However,traditionalfuelvehiclesproducealargeamountofharmfulexhaustgasesduringuse,andincreasetheirdependenceonnonrenewablepetroleumresources.

Intermsofenergy,theworldabouteighthundredmillioncars,andincreasingataspeedof30millionperyear,isexpectedto2020,theglobalcarownershipwillreach1billion200millionunits,anincreasemainlyfromdevelopingcountries,China'sautomobileproductionandsalestomaintainrapidgrowth,2008autoproductionyieldnearly10millionvehicles.Asamajorenergyconsumer,China'ssituationismoreserious,in2007Chinatotalconsumptionofcrudeoilisabout3.5tons,ofwhichnetimportsofcrudeoil1.6tons,thetotalconsumptionofcrudeoil45.7%,alargenumberofenergyimportstoendangerthenormaloperationofnationaleconomyandnationalenergysecurity.

Intheenvironment,thetransportationenergyconsumptionisalsooneofthemaincausesoflocalenvironmentalpollutionandglobalgreenhousegasemissions.Surveyshowsthat,onaverage,42%oftheairpollutioncomesfromtransportation.Accordingtostatisticsbytherelevantdepartmentsin2002,

morethan600citiesinthecountry,theairreachedthenationalstandardoflessthan1%ofthecity.

Afteryearsofdiscussionandexploration,bothathomeandabroadforthefuturedevelopmentoftheautomobileindustryisamoreconsistentview:

twenty-firstCenturyisahugechallengefacingenergyandenvironmentalcentury,thetraditionalfuelvehicleselectricvehiclestothedirectionofhighefficiencyandlowemissionsdevelopment.

Two.Whatisanelectriccar?

Allorpartofmotorsdrivenbymotorsandequippedwithlargecapacityelectricstoragedevicesarecollectivelyreferredtoaselectricvehicles,includingpureelectricvehicles,hybridelectricvehiclesandfuelcellelectricvehiclesofthreetypes.

1,pureelectricvehicles

Pureelectricvehiclesarefullypoweredbyrechargeablebatteries（suchasaluminumacidbatteries,nickelcadmiumbatteries,nickelhydrogenbatteriesorlithium-ionbatteries）.

Theadvantagesofpureelectricvehiclesare:

Withoutpollution,smallnoise;

Ithastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,convenientuseandmaintenance;

Thehighenergyconversionefficiency,atthesametimeRecyclable,downhillbrakingenergy,improveenergyefficiency;

Itcanbechargedatnightusingthegrid"cheapelectricityValley",tostabilizethepowergridpeakvalleydifference.

2,hybridelectricvehicles

Hybridelectricvehiclesreferstotheuseofthetraditionalinternalcombustionengineandmotordrivenvehicles,accordingtodifferentpowercouplingcanbehybrid,parallelhybridandhybridseriesisdividedinto.

Themainadvantageofhybridelectricvehiclesisthatthey:

Theuseofsmalldisplacementengine,fuelconsumptionisreduced;

Itcanmaketheenginealwaysworkinginhighefficiencyandlowemissions,highenergyconversionefficiency,reduceemissions;

Theenergyrecoverybraking,downhilltothebatteryrecycling,reducingfuelconsumption;

Inthedowntownarea,canshutdowntheengine,independentlydrivenbyamotor,toachievezeroemissions;themotorandtheinternalcombustionenginedrivenandimprovevehicledynamicperformance,enhancethedrivingpleasure;itcanusethe

existinggasfacilities,withthesamewiththetraditionalfuelvehiclemileage.

3fuelcellelectricvehicles

Afuelcellelectricvehicleisavehicledrivenbytheelectrochemicalreactionofhydrogenandoxygenintheair,actingasacatalyst,andactingasamajorpowersource.

Fuelcellelectricvehicles,itscharacteristicsaremainlyin:

Thehighenergyconversionefficiency.Theenergyconversionefficiencyoffuelcellscanbeashighas60-80%,2-3timesofthatofinternalcombustionengines;

Thezeroemissions,noenvironmentalpollution.Thefuelcellfuelishydrogenandoxygen,andtheproductiscleanwater;

Thehydrogenfuelsourceiswide,canbeobtainedfromrenewableenergy,notdependentonpetroleumfuels.

Three,theuseofelectricvehiclescanachievegoodsocialandenvironmentalbenefits

Alittlepollution.Pureelectricvehiclesandfuelcellelectricvehiclesareessentiallyazeroemissionvehicle.Thereisnodirectemissionofpollutants,andindirectpollutantsmainlycomefromnonrenewableenergypowergenerationandhydrogenproductionprocess.MethodsChinaautomobiletradingportalpollutantscantakecentralizedmanagementtocontrol;hybridvehiclesalsohave

zeroemissionsinpureelectricdrivingmodeeffect,atthesametimeduetoreducedfuelconsumptionandCO2emissionscanbereducedmorethan30%.Inaddition,electricvehiclesthansimilarfuelvehiclesnoiseislowerthan5decibels,large-scalepromotionofelectricvehicleswillgreatlyreducecitynoise.

Theenergysaving.Accordingtothecalculation,theaverageenergyutilizationoftraditionalfuelfromminingtoautomobileutilizationisonlyabout14%.Afteradoptingthehybridtechnology,theenergyutilizationratecanbeincreasedbymorethan30%.Pureelectricvehiclescanusethepowergridatnighttroughcharging,improvetheoverallefficiencyofthegrid.

Theoptimizationofenergyconsumptionstructure.China'sprovenoilreservesaccountforonly2-3%oftheworld'soilreserves.From1993,Chinabecameanoilimportcountry.Atpresent,China'stransportationaccountsforabouthalfoftotaloilconsumption,theelectricvehiclehasthecharacteristicsofdiversificationofenergysources,renewableenergycanbeconvertedintoelectricityorhydrogenutilization;atthesametime,chargingforelectricvehiclesusingthepowergrid,increasetheuseofelectricityinthetransportofenergyinthefield,toreducedependenceonoilresources,optimizethecompositionoftrafficenergy.

Four.Developmentstatusofelectricvehicles

Thedevelopmentstatusofcurrenttechnologyforelectricvehicles:

pureelectricvehicletechnologyismature,

applicationinspecificareas;hybridvehicletechnologyisbecomingmoreandmoreperfect,enteringthestageofcommercialpromotion;fuelcellvehicletechnologyinanewbreakthroughintheearly,isbecominganewresearchfocus.

1.pureelectricvehiclesareappliedinaspecificarea

Throughlong-termdevelopment,thespringoftheelectricvehicletechnologygraduallymature,andhavebusinessapplicationintheUnitedStates,Japan,Europeandothercountries,therearenearly40thousandpureelectriccarsrunningintheworldatpresent,includingFrance8000vehicles,7000vehiclesintheUnitedStates,Japan7400vehicles,mainlyusedinpublictransportationsystem.

2.,thecommercializationprocessofhybridvehiclesaccelerates

Hybridvehiclesbecauseofbothadvantagesofelectricvehiclesandconventionalvehiclesandcanguarantee（atlowcost）fromthetraditionalautomotiveindustryattachesgreatimportancetothenewenergyautomotiveindustryallovertheworld,andthesmoothtransitionofeachbigcompany,andasthetechnologymatures,

Hasenteredthecommercialapplicationstage.Asof2007,morethan1million500thousandhybridvehiclesweresoldworldwide.

3.,fuelcellvehicleR&Dmorein-depth,andbegantodemonstratetheoperation

Infuelcellelectricvehicles,foreignenterpriseshaveformedstrongmultinationalalliances,inordertoachievethepurposeofcomplementaryadvantages,suchasJapan'sTOYOTAandGeneralCompanyintheUnitedStates,JapanandtheUnitedStatesToshibaCointernationalfuelcell,RenaultcompanyandItalyDaNoRacompanycomposedofalliancedevelopmentoffuelcellelectricvehicle.Atpresent,almostallforeignlargeenterprisegroupsallinvolved,thetotalinvestmentofnearly10billionU.s.dollars,thedemonstrationofthetotalnumberofvehiclesrunningmorethan100.

Five.ApplicationofelectricvehiclesintheOlympicGames

Theelectricvehiclehasmanytimesininternationallarge-scalesportsincludingtheOlympicGameswillbeused,sincethe1972MunichOlympicGamesontheuseofelectricvehiclesastheleadcarOlympicathletes,thedegreeofexpandingtheuseofelectricvehiclesscale.AttheAtlantaOlympicsin1996,morethan300electricvehicleswereused.Inthe2000SydneyOlympicGames,inadditiontotheuseofnearly400electricbusshuttlevehiclesasathletes,isalsothefirstuseofthefuelcellcarastheopeningceremonyandfemalemarathonpacecarguidecar.Electriccarswerealsousedextensivelyatthe2004AthensOlympicsandthe2006WinterOlympicsinTurin.

TheBeijingOlympicGamesin2008,planstoinvestincludingpureelectric,fuelcellandhybridvehiclesmorethan500vehiclesforathletesandcoaches,mediareporters,groundstaff,audienceandlogisticsservicesandothertasks,

includingfuelcellbusesandhybridcarswillbecometheOlympicGamesservicevehicles,usingabatchoflithiumionbatterypuretheelectricbusisthefirstintheworld.

Six,thepeopleateasehotissues

1.,domesticelectricvehiclesalesstatusandmarketprospects?

AhybridcarinternationalautomobilecompanyhassalesinChina,themainToyotaCorporationandLexusprius.

Avarietyofhybridvehiclesinsupportof863projectsunderChina'sowndevelopmenthasbeencarriedoutinacitymorethan5yearsofdemonstrationassessment,byApril2008morethan100kindsofhybridcarsandbusesforcommercialoperationin6ofthecity,andthepartofthehy