动词不定式的用法及练习.docx
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动词不定式的用法及练习
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
一、作主语
动词不定式作主语可位于句首。
例如:
Tolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryoneinsociety.
也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。
例如:
Itisnecessaryforyoungstudentstolearnaforeignlanguage.
动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:
1.Itis+adj./n.（+forsb./sth.+todosth.
用于此句型的形容词有:
easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising等。
例如:
Itisinterestingtoplaythisgame.
Itisnecessaryforyoutochangeyourjob.
Itwasimpossibleforthemtocompletethetaskinsuchashorttime.
考例1:
Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?
（88MET
A.now
B.man
C.that
D.it
用于此句型的名词有:
pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。
例如:
Whatapityitisforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderfulfilm.
Itisgoodmannersfortheyoungtogivetheirseatstotheold.
2.Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.
该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词,如:
kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。
例如:
Howrudeitwasoftheboytojumpthequeue!
Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeelathomeintheirhouse.
Howsillyitwasofyoutogiveupsuchagoodchance!
3.Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.
该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
例如:
Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbybike.
二、作表语
动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构:
Mywish/job/aim/goalis…及Thenextstep/measureis…等。
例如:
Yourjobistotypethepapersintheoffice.
Thenextmeasureistostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.
三、作宾语
常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:
agree,choose,decide,hope,fail,wish,refuse,expect,manage,plan,intend,pretend,promise,offer,afford,demand,arrange等。
例如:
Theydecidedtobuildahighwaybetweenthesetwocities.
SheofferedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.
believe,think,consider,feel,make等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n+todosth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。
例如:
Ithinkitnecessaryforustohaveagoodrestafterthelongwork.
Shefeltitherdutytohelptheoldwoman.
四、作宾补
可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有:
advise,allow,ask,hear,order,see,tell,want,wish,watch等。
例如:
Thedoctoradvisedhernotoeattoomuchsugar.
Iwishyoutogotothemeetingwithme.
believe,consider,count,declare,deny,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,think等动词后可接tobe型不定式作宾补。
例如:
Hedeclaredhimselftobeacollegestudent.他自称是名大学生。
Thepoliceprovedhimtobeathief.警察局证实他是小偷。
hope,demand,suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。
例如:
【误】Ihopemysontobebacksoon.
【正】Ihopemysonwillbebacksoon.
【误】Shesuggestsustohaveadiscussionaboutit.
【正】Sheadvisesustohaveadiscussionaboutit.
【正】Shesuggeststhatwe（shouldhaveadiscussionaboutit.
在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:
“五看”（see,watch,notice,observe,lookat“三使”（make,let,have“两听”（hear,listento“一感觉”（feel。
例如:
Whomadehimworkallnightlong?
但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。
例如:
Hewasseentobreakthewindow.
五、作定语
动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之后,即:
作后置定语。
例如:
Haveyougotanythingtoeat?
（toeat修饰anything,位于其后
下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:
ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。
例如:
Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.
由only,first,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。
例如:
Whowasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomlastnight?
六、作状语
动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
例如:
Wewenttheretoseeourgrandparents.（目的
Iamverysorrytohearthat.（原因
Shehurriedhomeonlytofindherfatherdead.（结果
Tolookatthepicture,youwouldlikeit.（条件
作目的状语,还可以使用inorderto或soasto。
例如:
Theboyworkedsohardinordertomakeupforthelosttime.
结果状语还可以使用enoughto,too…to…,so…asto,such…asto等结构。
例如:
Hegotuptoolatetomisstheearlybus.
Shewasinsuchahurryasnottonoticeme.她如此匆忙,以致没有注意到我。
1.Wouldyoupleasetellmenext?
A.howtodo
B.whattodo
C.whatdoIdo
D.howIshoulddo
2.Thegirlwasn'ttoliftthatbookcase.
A.toostrong
B.enoughstrong
C.strongenough
D.sostrong
3.Foratimehisgrandmotherfoundaccepthisnewidea.
A.hard
B.ithard
C.ithardto
D.itishardto
4.Asshehasneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeone
hertheway.A.showB.toshowC.showingD.showed
5.Youdriveslowly.Theroadsarewet.
A.hadrather
B.wouldrather
C.hadbetter
D.wouldbetter
6.Nothingcanmakethebravesoldierhiscountry.
A.turnagainst
B.toturnagainst
C.toturnto
D.turnto
7.Intheolddaysitwasdifficultforthepoorajob.
A.find
B.tofind
C.look
D.tolookfor
8.Whenlearningaforeignlanguage,tryourbestthe
spiritofit.
A.master
B.hold
C.takeholdof
D.tomaster
9.Itwasfoolishhiscarunlocked.
A.forhimtoleave
B.ofhimtoleave
C.forhimleave
D.himtoleave
10.Rememberthenewspaperwhenyouhavefinishedit.
A.puttingback
B.putback
C.toputback
D.willputback
11.Napoleonspokesoloudlyastoinfrontofhissoldiers.
A.hear
B.beheard
C.listen
D.belistenedto
12.Televisionandradiotoknowwhatisgoingonall
overtheworld.
A.madeitpossibleofus
C.havemadeitpossibleforus
D.havemadeitbepossibleforus
13.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbevery
sorry.
A.forleaving
B.toleave
C.ifleaving
D.tohaveleft
14.Idon'tseehowIcouldpossiblemanagethework
without.
A.tofinish;helping
B.tofinish;beinghelped
C.finishing;helping
D.finishing;beinghelped
15.Weallthinkitmostfoolishthismistake.
A.foryoumaking
B.ofyoutomake
C.youtomake
D.foryoutomake
16.Becauseofairpollutionbeinggreatlyreduced,thiscityis
still.
A.agoodplacewhichtobelivedin
B.agoodplacetolive
C.agoodplacetolivein
D.agoodplacetolivefor
17.—Youwerelostonyourwaytothelake,weren'tyou?
—Yes,wewereandhadtostoptheway.
A.asking
B.toask
C.asked
D.tobeasked
18.Shefeltitagreatshamesoseverelyinthe
presenceofherboyfriend.
A.tocriticize
B.tohavecriticized
C.tobecriticized
D.tohavebeencriticized
19.Theadvertisementsaretryingpeopletobuythings
theydon'treallyneed.
A.persuade
B.persuading
C.bepersuading
D.topersuade
20.Ifyouweremuchyounger,Iwouldarrangeasthe
generalmanager,forallyourcolleaguesspeakhighlyofyourwork.
A.foryoutowork
B.ofyoutowork
C.foryouwork
D.youwork
21.Onourwaybackhome,welunchbecausewefelthungry.
A.stoppedtohave
B.stoptohave
C.stoppedhaving
D.stopedtohave
22.IdidnothingbutmylessonslastSunday.
A.goover
B.togoover
C.wentover
D.goon
23.I'dpreferhomeratherthanawalk.
A.tostay;totake
B.stay;totake
C.tostay;take
D.stay;take
24.Hewassofollishhiscarunlocked.
A.toleave
B.thatleave
C.astoleave
D.forhimtoleave
25.Yourflatneeds.Doyouwantmeitforyou?
A.toclean;todo
B.cleaning;doing
C.cleaning;todo
D.tobecleaned;doing
26.Whatthescientistsaidgreatlyencouragedusthe
experimentagain,buthissecretary'swordsdiscouragedusthe
experimentanymore.
A.totry;todo
B.totry;fromdoing
C.fortrying;fromdoing
D.trying;todo
27.waterbeforebreakfastseemedtothemarulenever.
A.Toget;breaks
B.Toget;tobreak
C.Getting;breaks
D.Get;tobreak
28.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodafteroperation.
A.toeatnot
B.eatingnot
C.nottoeat
D.noteating
29."Doyouhaveanyclothes__today,Sir?
"askedthemaidpolitely.
A.wash
B.tobewashed
C.towash
D.tobewashing
30.Mr.Greenhasneversmokedanymoresincehiswife
him.
A.suggested;togiveitup
B.persuaded;togiveupit
C.advised;togiveitup
D.persuaded;togiveitup
20.A
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