北京中考英语专项考点阅读理解专题三阅读短文回答问题.docx

北京中考英语专项考点阅读理解专题三阅读短文回答问题.docx

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北京中考英语专项考点阅读理解专题三阅读短文回答问题

　　阅读短文回答问题题型是根据任务型教学设计而成的，它是介于阅读理解与书面表达之间的一种题型。

它要求学生在阅读文章后能对文章中某些细节做到准确把握或对整篇文章进行提炼概括，是一种读写相结合的题型。

这种题型既考查学生的阅读理解信息的能力，也考查学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力，还考查学生运用英语语言将有关容以文字形式正确地表达出来的能力。

纵观近几年的中考试题，不难发现阅读材料难度整体适中，材料后的题目设计难度并不很大，以下是2014-2016年的命题规律。

2014年

2015年

2016年

分值

10

10

10

考点

主旨大意题、事实理解题、信息归纳题

主旨大意题、事实理解题、信息归纳题

主旨大意题、事实理解题、信息归纳题

体裁

记叙文

说明文

记叙文

题材

食品历史

黑色星期五

信息瓶故事

字数

328

377

365

难度

★★

★★★

★★★

　　阅读短文回答问题是中考阅读类题型之一。

和阅读选择题型一样，也是对语篇阅读能力的考查。

阅读回答问题题型与阅读选择题型不同点在于考生不仅需要对语篇有较好的理解，还要能够将对文章的理解通过自己组织的语言表达出来。

因此可以说这个题型兼有阅读理解和书面表达的双重特点。

阅读回答问题旨在综合考查考生通过阅读语篇获取信息和处理信息的能力以及写作中基本语法的运用能力。

此题型单词总量通常在300词左右。

文章体裁通常以说明文为主。

题材与现实生活紧密结合。

通常第一题是一般疑问句，其他几个题为特殊疑问句，多数考题针对文章中的事实细节，答案都能在原文中找到出处。

最后一个问题通常为半开放性题目，往往需要概括文章的主旨要义或对作者的写作意图进行推测。

　　一、阅读技巧

　　1.略读。

快速浏览全文，掌握语篇主旨大意。

略读文章时着重阅读理解文章的首段、每段的首句和末句。

通过对这几个部分的着重阅读通常能够找到文章的主旨大意；并能够掌握文章的行文脉络，迅速把握短文的主要信息的分布。

　　2.扫读。

认真阅读五个题目，准确理解题意及其涉及的围，带着问题到短文中寻找相关答案。

一般的事实题可直接从文中找到答案，较为深层次的逻辑推理判断题，则需要在对全文理解的基础上进行作答。

答题一定要立场客观，勿掺杂主观因素。

　　3.复查。

答题后对照短文容对所写出的答案进行审核，做出必要的修正。

　　二、答题技巧

　　答题时，要了解不同问题的回答方式。

　　1.答题总的原则是简略表达。

　　2.一般疑问句用Yes/No回答，相对简单些，只要理解文章含义，能判断出是或不是就可以了。

　　3.选择疑问句回答时不用Yes/No，需选择其中正确的一部分来作答。

　　4.回答特殊疑问句时较为复杂，要注意问题与回答在形式上的对应。

　　5.在回答最后一个总结题时，要注意答出关键点（通常有两点以上），用正确的语法将各个要点进行归纳整合，切忌照抄多个原文句子。

　　6.在回答时，应该对照题目，根据需要对回答的句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性等做出适当的调整。

Passage1

体裁

题材

词数

建议用时

记叙文

食品历史

328

9分钟

　　（2014·）AlmosteverykidinthiscountryhasevereatenHersheychocolate.ButdoyouknowthattheHersheychocolatefactoryismorethanonehundredyearsold?

AnddoyouknowthatthefatherofHersheyChocolate,MiltonHershey,hadmanyfailuresinbusinessbeforehestartedhisfamouscompany?

　　MiltonHersheygrewupinPennsylvania.Beforehebecameinterestedinmakingchocolate,heworkedasaprinterforasmallnewspaperatfirst,andthendecidedthatprintingwasnottherightjobforhim.

　　ThenheworkedatacandyfactoryinLancaster.Afterworkingafewyearsthere,hedecidedtoopenhisownlittlecandybusinessnearPhiladelphia.Hisfirstbusinessfailedbecauseitwasnotmakingmoney.Afterthat,hewenttoDenvertolearnhowtomakecaramels（焦糖）.HetookhisnewskillsbacktoNewYorkandworkedsellingcandiesonthestreet.Buthissecondbusinessalsofailed.

　　Finally,MiltonHersheymovedbacktoPennsylvaniawherehegrewup.Hethenexperimentedwithallsortsofdifferentcandiesandchocolates.By1893hewassellingamilliondollarsworthofcaramelcandyeachyear.Sincehischocolate-flavored（巧克力味的）caramelswerethebestselling,hedecidedtomakechocolatehimself.

　　Byexperimenting,MiltonHersheydiscoveredhowtomakedeliciouschocolate.Theareawherehelivedhadalargeandeasysupplyofmilkandsugar,whichhelpedhimsucceedinhischocolatebusiness.In1903,MiltonHersheybuiltahugechocolatefactoryandatowntogowithit.

　　Today,thetownofHersheyisstillthehomeofthefactorythatMiltonHersheybuilt.Andifyouevervisitit,youcansmelldeliciouschocolatesmellsjustbydrivingthroughthetown.

　　Thefactoryisnotsohardtofind.JusttraveldownCocoaAvenueuntilyougettoEastChocolateAvenue.Turnrightatthetrafficlightsandjustfollowyournose.

1.WhoisthefatherofHersheyChocolate?

MiltonHershey.

2.Wheredidhegrowup?

HegrewupinPennsylvania.

3.WhydidhegotoDenver?

Becausehewantedtolearnhowtomakecaramels.

4.Whydidhedecidetomakechocolatehimself?

Becausehischocolate-flavoredcaramelswerethebestselling.

5.WhatmightbethereasonsforHershey’ssuccessinhischocolatebusiness?

Hiscourage,newskills,determinationandthelargeandeasysupplyofmilkandsugar.

Passage2

体裁

题材

词数

建议用时

说明文

黑色星期五

377

10分钟

BlackFriday

　　（2015·）ThanksgivingisalwaysonaThursday.ThedayafterithasbeenknownasBlackFriday.Itisthestartoftheholidayshoppingseason,andithasbeenthebusiestshoppingdayoftheyearintheUSsince2005.

　　MoststoresofferbigsalesonBlackFriday.Theyopentheirdoorsquiteearlyinthemorning.Theytrytoattractshopperswithbigdiscounts（打折）.Someitems（商品）likeTVsandclothesaremuchcheaperthanusual.Storesmayevenlosemoneyontheseitems.Theyhopethatshopperswillbuygiftsforotherpeoplewhiletheyareinthestore.

　　BlackFridayisagreattimetogoshopping.However,thereareproblems.Thebiggestoneisthattherearenotenoughlow-priceditems.Eachstoremayonlyhaveafew.Theseitemsareingreatneed,sopeoplestandinlonglinestogetthem.Theymaywaitthreetofourhoursbeforeastoreopens.TheymaybehopingtogetalowpriceonaTVorcomputer,butnoteverybodycangetone.Somepeopleleave,disappointed.

　　Thesituationmakespeopleworried.SomeBlackFridayeventshavebeencrazy.Therehavebeenfightsovertoysamongshoppers.Someworkershaveevenbeenhurtbylargecrowds.ButmostBlackFridayeventsaresafeandfun.Still,ifyouplantogo,youwillexpectlargecrowdsandabitofpushing.

　　Sowheredoesthename“BlackFriday”comefrom?

ItwasfirstusedinPhiladelphiainthe1950s.ThepolicecalledthisdayBlackFridaybecauseoftheheavytrafficitcaused.Inthe1960s,storestriedtorenametheday“BigFriday”.Itdidnotstick.Thename“BlackFriday”continuedtospreadacrossthecountry.Itseemsthatitisheretostay.

　　NowpeoplealloverthecountrytakepartinBlackFridayevents.Itisevenspreadingtootherpartsoftheworld.StoreshaveheldBlackFridayeventsintheUK,Australia,andBrazilsince2012.InMexico,storesofferaweekendofdiscountseveryyear.Theycallit“ElBuenFin”,whichmeans“thegoodweekend”inSpanish.Iguesspeopleeverywhereliketobuythingsonsale.

1.IsBlackFridaythestartoftheholidayshoppingseason?

Yes.

2.WhatisthebiggestproblemwithBlackFriday?

Therearenotenoughlow-priceditems.

3.Howlongmaypeoplehavetowaitbeforeastoreopens?

Threetofourhours.

4.Wherewasthename“BlackFriday”firstusedinthe1950s?

InPhiladelphia.

5.WhydopeoplelikegoingshoppingonBlackFriday?

Becausetheycangetthingsonsale./Becausetheycangetthingswithbigdiscounts.

Passage3

体裁

题材

词数

建议用时

记叙文

信息瓶故事

365

10分钟

A108-year-oldMessageinaBottle

　　（2016·）OnNovember30，1906,GeorgeBidderdroppedabottlefromaboatintotheNorthSea.Theweightedglassbottlesankalmosttotheseafloor,andthenitmovedslowlyfor108yearsand138days.

　　ItsjourneyendedwhenMarianneWinklerfoundthebottlein2015.WinklerwasthenonvacationonAmrumIsland.Shepickedupthebottlewhenitwaswashedupontothebeach.Shesawapieceofpaperinside,butdidn’tbreakitopen.Shecouldtellthatthebottlewasold,soshedidn’twanttodamageit.

　　Finallyshegotthepieceofpaperoutofthebottle.Shefoundthatthepaperwasactuallyapostcard.Onthebackofthecardwasthismessage：

TheMarineBiologicalAssociation（海洋生物学协会）wouldpayashilling（先令）forthebottle.AshillingwasaunitofmoneythatwasusedinGreatBritainbeforetheearly1970s.

　　Winklerfilledoutthecardandpostedit.TheassociationwassurprisedtogetapostcardaddressedtoGeorgeBidder,thepresidentoftheassociationfrom1939to1945.TheworkersoftheassociationsearchedontheInternettofindashilling.TheyfoundoneandsentittoWinklerasareward.

　　Themessageinthebottlewastheoldesteverre-discovered.ForthisreasonMarianneWinklergotaplacein“GuinnessWorldRecords”（吉尼斯世界纪录）.Shebroketherecordfortheoldestmessageinabottle.

　　Winkler’sbottlewasnottheonlyoneBiddersenttosea.Between1904and1906,hesentawaymorethanonethousandbottles.Heplacedpostcardsinsidethem.Thebottleswerepartofaresearchprojecttomapcurrents（洋流）intheNorthSea.Thiswasthebestmethodatthattime.Butwhethertheassociationcouldgetthebottlesbackdependedonthepeoplewhofoundthem.Theassociationreportedthatabout55percentofthebottleswerereturned.Theyaddedthattheexperimentwasasuccessasitshowedtheeast-to-westflowoftheNorthSea’scurrents.

1.Howlongdidtheweightedglassbottlemoveinthesea?

For108yearsand138days.

2.DidMarianneWinklerfindthebottlein2015?

Yes,shedid.

3.Whatwasinthebottle?

Apieceofpaperwhichwasactuallyapostcard.

4.WhowasGeorgeBidder?

ThepresidentoftheMarineBiologicalAssociationfrom1939to1945.

5.WhydidBidderdropbottlesintothesea?

BecausethebottleswerepartofaresearchprojecttomapcurrentsintheNorthSea.

Passage4

体裁

题材

词数

建议用时

议论文

学校及日常生活

344

8分钟

LetterA

　　（2016·）Youngpeoplearealwaystoldthattheyshouldmakethemostoftheirtime,thattheywillneverbeasfreeagain.So,myquestionis—whyfillupallthisfreetimewithhousework？

Parentsexpecttheirchildrentogetgoodgrades,begoodatsportsandbepopularwithotherkids.

　　However,thereisnotenoughtimeinthedaytodothesethingsandthendohouseworkaswell.It’snotfairtoexpectteenagerstogiveuptheirprecioustimetodoboringhousework.Parentsandchildrenbothhavejobs.Parents’jobsareintheworkplace.Theirchildren’sjobsareatschool.

　　Theonlydifferenceisthatparentsgetpaidandchildrendon’t.Parentssaythattheymaketheirkidsdohouseworktoteachthemresponsibility.Butthisisjustatrick.Parentstricktheirkidsintodoinghouseworkbecausetheyarelazy.

　　Yours,

　　Overloaded

LetterB

　　Bothparentsandchildrenhavejobs.Theparent’sjobistogotoworktoearnmoney.Thechild’sjobistogotoschool.Butweallgethungry.Someonehastocookthemealsandcleanupafterward.Weallwearclothesthatgetdirty.Someonehasto